Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
275 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
the study of the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other
|
Anatomy
|
|
|
the study of the function of the living body and its parts
|
Physiology
|
|
|
Which position:
patient is lying face up on his back |
supine
|
|
|
Which position:
patient is lying vace down on his stomach |
prone
|
|
|
Which position:
patient is lying on his left (or right) side |
lateral recumbent (recovery) position
|
|
|
Which position:
patient is lying on his back with upper body elevated |
Fowler position
|
|
|
Which position:
patient is lying on his back with his legs elevated higher than his head |
Trendelenburg position
(shock position) |
|
|
A vertical plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into right/left segments
|
Sagittal plane
|
|
|
A vertical plane that runs lengthwise and divides the body into front/back halves
|
Frontal or Coronal plane
|
|
|
A horizontal plane that divides the body into upper/lower halves
|
Transverse or horizontal plane
|
|
|
A line drawn vertically from head, through the nose and naval, to the ground between the legs
|
Midline
|
|
|
A line drawn vertically from the middle of the patient's armpit down to the ankle
|
Midaxillary line
|
|
|
A line drawn horizontally through the patient's waist
|
Transverse line
|
|
|
Term meaning toward the front
|
Anterior
|
|
|
Term meaning toward the back
|
Posterior
|
|
|
Term meaning toward the head, or above the point of reference
|
Superior
|
|
|
Term meaning toward the feet, or below the point of reference
|
Inferior
|
|
|
Term meaning toward the back or backbone (spine)
|
Dorsal
|
|
|
Term meaning toward the front or belly (abdomen)
|
Ventral
|
|
|
Term meaning toward the midline or center of the body
|
Medial
|
|
|
Term meaning the left or right of the midline, or away frm the midline of the body
|
Lateral
|
|
|
Term meaning "on both sides"
|
Bilateral
|
|
|
Term meaning "one side"
|
Unilateral
|
|
|
Term referring to the same side
|
Ipsalateral
|
|
|
Term referring to the opposite side
|
Contralateral
|
|
|
A term meaning near the point of reference
|
proximal
|
|
|
A term meaning distant, or far from the point of reference
|
distal
|
|
|
Term referring to the center of each of the collarbones
|
misclavicular
|
|
|
Line extending from the center of either collarbone down the anterior thorax
|
Midclavicular line
|
|
|
term referring to the sole of the foot
|
plantar
|
|
|
term referring to the palm of the hand
|
palmar
|
|
|
What is the "normal anatomical position"
|
Standing erect, facing frontward, arms down at the sides, palms forward
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
liver |
Right Upper Quadrant
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Right kidney |
Right Upper Quadrant
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Pancreas (small portion) |
Right Upper Quadrant
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Gallbladder |
Right Upper Quadrant
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Small intestines |
Right Upper
Left Upper Right Lower Left Lower |
|
|
Which quadrant:
Colon |
Right Upper
Left Upper Right Lower Left Lower |
|
|
Which quadrant:
Liver (small portion) |
Left Upper
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Spleen |
Left Upper
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Left kidney |
Left Upper
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Stomach |
Left Upper
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Pancreas (majority) |
Left Upper
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Right Ureter |
Right Lower
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Appendix |
Right Lower
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Right ovary |
Right Lower
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Right Fallopian Tube |
Right Lower
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Left Ureter |
Left Lower
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Left Ovary |
Left Lower
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Left Fallopian Tube |
Left Lower
|
|
|
Five Parts of the Spinal Column
|
1 - Cervical spine
2 - Thoracic spine 3 - Lumbar spine 4 - Sacral spine 5 - Coccyx |
|
|
The first seven vertebrae
|
Cervical spine (C1 - C7)
|
|
|
The 12 vertebrae directly below the cervical spine - the upper back
|
Throacic spine (T1 - T12)
|
|
|
The five vertebrae that form the lower back
|
Lumbar spine (L1 - L5)
|
|
|
The five vertebrae that form the back wall of the pelvis
|
Sacral spine (S1 - S5)
|
|
|
The last four vertebrae - the tailbone
|
Coccyx
|
|
|
A term for the kneecap
|
patella
|
|
|
The two bones of the lower leg
|
tibia (shin)
fibula |
|
|
3 components of the thorax or chest
|
1 - ribs
2 - sternum 3 - throacic spine |
|
|
the flat, narrow bone in the middle of the anterior chest
|
sternum
|
|
|
the superior portion of the sternum, which attaches to the clavicle
|
manubrium
|
|
|
the inferior portoin of the sternum
|
xiphoid process
|
|
|
a doughnut-shaped structure that consists of several bones, including the sacrum and the coccyx
|
pelvis
|
|
|
what is on each side of the pelvis, forming the "wings" of the pelvis
|
iliac crest
|
|
|
the anterior and inferior portion of the pelvis
|
pubis
|
|
|
the posterior and inferior portion of the pelvis
|
ischium
|
|
|
the pelvic socket of the hip joint
|
acetabulum
|
|
|
the thighbone
|
femur
|
|
|
the knobby surface landmarks of the ankle joint
|
malleous
|
|
|
heel bone
|
calcaneus
|
|
|
the group of bones that make up the proximal portion of the foot
|
tarsals
|
|
|
the bones on each foot that form the toes
|
phalanges
|
|
|
shoulder blade
|
scapula
|
|
|
the proximal portion of the arm
|
humerus
|
|
|
the eight bones making up the wrists
|
carpals
|
|
|
the structural strength of the hand comes from...
|
metacarpals
|
|
|
joint movement that allows bending toward the body or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body
|
flexion
|
|
|
joint movement that allows straightening away from the body or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body
|
extension
|
|
|
joint movement that allows for movement away from the midline
|
abduction
|
|
|
joint movement that allows for movement toward the midline
|
adduction
|
|
|
joint movement that allows for a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
|
circumduction
|
|
|
joint movement that allows for turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back
|
pronation
|
|
|
joint movement that allows for turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front
|
supination
|
|
|
Joint type that permits the widest range of motion - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation - shoulders, hips
|
Ball and socket joint
|
|
|
Joint type that permit flexion and extension - elbows, knees, fingers
|
Hinged joint
|
|
|
Joint type tha allows for a turning motion - between head and neck, and also in wrist
|
Pivot joint
|
|
|
Joint type where one bone slides across another to the point where surrouding structures restrict the motion - small bones in hands, feet
|
Gliding joint
|
|
|
Joint type that is shaped to permit combinations of limited movements along perpendicular planes - such as ankle
|
Saddle joint
|
|
|
Joint type that is a modified ball and socket joint and permits limited motion in two directions -wrist
|
Condyloid joint
|
|
|
Muscle that can be contracted and relaxed by will of the individual - makes possible deliberate movement
|
Skeletal muscle or
Voluntary muscle |
|
|
Muscles made out of large fibers that carry out the automatic muscular functions through rhythmic, wavelike movements
|
Smooth muscle or
involuntary muscle |
|
|
A special kind of involuntary muscle found only in the walls of the heart
|
Cardiac muscle
|
|
|
The ability to generate an impulse on its own, even when disconnected from the central nervous system
|
Automaticity
|
|
|
Which type of muscle has automaticity
|
Cardiac muscle
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Left Ureter |
Left Lower
|
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
Sx |
symptoms
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Left Ovary |
Left Lower
|
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
TIA |
transient ischemic attack
|
|
|
Which quadrant:
Left Fallopian Tube |
Left Lower
|
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
TID |
three times a day
|
|
|
Five Parts of the Spinal Column
|
1 - Cervical spine
2 - Thoracic spine 3 - Lumbar spine 4 - Sacral spine 5 - Coccyx |
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
TKO |
to keep open
|
|
|
The first seven vertebrae
|
Cervical spine (C1 - C7)
|
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
Tx |
treatment
|
|
|
The 12 vertebrae directly below the cervical spine - the upper back
|
Throacic spine (T1 - T12)
|
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
X |
times
|
|
|
The five vertebrae that form the lower back
|
Lumbar spine (L1 - L5)
|
|
|
Commonly Accepted Abbreviations:
y/o |
years old
|
|
|
The five vertebrae that form the back wall of the pelvis
|
Sacral spine (S1 - S5)
|
|
|
What is an information tag attached to a patient during a multiple-casuality incident
|
triage tag
|
|
|
The last four vertebrae - the tailbone
|
Coccyx
|
|
|
SOAP mnemonic for documentation
|
S - subjective
O - objective A - assessment P - plan |
|
|
A term for the kneecap
|
patella
|
|
|
CHART mnemonic for documentation
|
C - chief complaint
H - history A - assessment R - Rx T - transport |
|
|
The two bones of the lower leg
|
tibia (shin)
fibula |
|
|
CHEATED mnemonic for documentation
|
C - chief complaint
H - history E - exam A - assessment T - treatment E - evaluation D - disposition |
|
|
3 components of the thorax or chest
|
1 - ribs
2 - sternum 3 - throacic spine |
|
|
What is important for accurate timekeeping and reporting?
|
accurate and synchronous clocks
|
|
|
the flat, narrow bone in the middle of the anterior chest
|
sternum
|
|
|
device that receives transmissions from a low-powered source and rebroadcasts them to another
|
Repeater
|
|
|
the superior portion of the sternum, which attaches to the clavicle
|
manubrium
|
|
|
device that breaks down sound waves into unique digital codes for radio transmission
|
Encoder
|
|
|
the inferior portoin of the sternum
|
xiphoid process
|
|
|
device that recognizes and responds to certain codes imposed on radio broadcasts
|
Decoder
|
|
|
a doughnut-shaped structure that consists of several bones, including the sacrum and the coccyx
|
pelvis
|
|
|
device mounted in an ambulance cab that receives and displays information on a screen
|
mobile data terminal
|
|
|
what is on each side of the pelvis, forming the "wings" of the pelvis
|
iliac crest
|
|
|
a vehicle-based radio which comes in a variety of power ranges
|
mobile transmitter/receiver
|
|
|
the anterior and inferior portion of the pelvis
|
pubis
|
|
|
What are the steps of therapeutic communication
|
Encoding
Receiving Decoding Response |
|
|
the posterior and inferior portion of the pelvis
|
ischium
|
|
|
SBAR
|
Situation
Background Assessment Recommendation |
|
|
the pelvic socket of the hip joint
|
acetabulum
|
|
|
The study of touching
|
haptics
|
|
|
the thighbone
|
femur
|
|
|
Questions that allow the patient to respond in his own words
|
Open-ended questions
|
|
|
the knobby surface landmarks of the ankle joint
|
malleous
|
|
|
Questions that call for specific information from the patient
|
Closed-questions
|
|
|
heel bone
|
calcaneus
|
|
|
Questions that suggest an answer
|
Leading questions
|
|
|
the group of bones that make up the proximal portion of the foot
|
tarsals
|
|
|
abnormal anterior convexity of the spine - swayback
|
lordosis
|
|
|
the bones on each foot that form the toes
|
phalanges
|
|
|
abnormal curvature of the spine with convexity backward - slouch
|
kyphosis
|
|
|
shoulder blade
|
scapula
|
|
|
type of move made when there is immediate danger to the patient or rescuer
|
emergency move
|
|
|
the proximal portion of the arm
|
humerus
|
|
|
type of move made when there is an immediate threat to life because of the patient's condition and the patient must be moved quickly for transport
|
urgent move
|
|
|
the eight bones making up the wrists
|
carpals
|
|
|
type of move made when no immediate threat to life exists
|
nonurgent move
|
|
|
the structural strength of the hand comes from...
|
metacarpals
|
|
|
What type of move:
-Armpit-forearm drag -Shirt Drag -Blanket Drag |
Emergency moves
|
|
|
joint movement that allows bending toward the body or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body
|
flexion
|
|
|
What type of move:
-Rapid extrication |
Urgent move
|
|
|
joint movement that allows straightening away from the body or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body
|
extension
|
|
|
What type of move:
-Direct Ground Lift -Extremity Lift -Direct Carry Method -Draw Sheet Method |
Nonurgent moves
|
|
|
joint movement that allows for movement away from the midline
|
abduction
|
|
|
joint movement that allows for movement toward the midline
|
adduction
|
|
|
joint movement that allows for a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
|
circumduction
|
|
|
joint movement that allows for turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back
|
pronation
|
|
|
joint movement that allows for turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front
|
supination
|
|
|
Joint type that permits the widest range of motion - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation - shoulders, hips
|
Ball and socket joint
|
|
|
Joint type that permit flexion and extension - elbows, knees, fingers
|
Hinged joint
|
|
|
Joint type tha allows for a turning motion - between head and neck, and also in wrist
|
Pivot joint
|
|
|
Joint type where one bone slides across another to the point where surrouding structures restrict the motion - small bones in hands, feet
|
Gliding joint
|
|
|
Joint type that is shaped to permit combinations of limited movements along perpendicular planes - such as ankle
|
Saddle joint
|
|
|
Joint type that is a modified ball and socket joint and permits limited motion in two directions -wrist
|
Condyloid joint
|
|
|
Muscle that can be contracted and relaxed by will of the individual - makes possible deliberate movement
|
Skeletal muscle or
Voluntary muscle |
|
|
Muscles made out of large fibers that carry out the automatic muscular functions through rhythmic, wavelike movements
|
Smooth muscle or
involuntary muscle |
|
|
A special kind of involuntary muscle found only in the walls of the heart
|
Cardiac muscle
|
|
|
The ability to generate an impulse on its own, even when disconnected from the central nervous system
|
Automaticity
|
|
|
Which type of muscle has automaticity
|
Cardiac muscle
|
|
|
the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes, in and out of the alveoli, capillaries and cells
|
Respiration
|
|
|
the form of respiration in which oxygen molecules moved across a membrane from an area of high oxygen concentration to an area of low oxygen concentration
|
Oxygenation
|
|
|
the mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs
|
Ventilation
|
|
|
4 structures of the upper airway
|
1 - nose and mouth
2 - pharynx 3 - nasopharynx 4 - larynx |
|
|
4 structures of the lower airway
|
1 - trachea
2 - bronchi 3 - bronchioles 4 - alveoli |
|
|
a small leaf-like flap that protects the trachea
|
epiglottis
|
|
|
the distal portion of the trachea branches off into two main tubes called _______
|
bronchi
|
|
|
when the smooth muscle lining the bronchioles contracts making it more difficult to breath
|
bronchoconstriction
|
|
|
when the smooth muscle lining the bronchioles relaxes, making it easier to move air through the bronchiole
|
bronchodilation
|
|
|
the thousands of tiny sacs at the end of the bronchiole which are the site of gas exchange in the lungs
|
alveoli
|
|
|
a powerful, dome-shaped muscle essentiall to breathing
|
diaphragm
|
|
|
the upper chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins
|
atria
|
|
|
the lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out to the arteries
|
ventricles
|
|
|
the thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the lungs
|
visceral pleura
|
|
|
the thicker, more elastic tissue that covers the internal chest wall
|
parietal pleura
|
|
|
which atrium receives oxygen-depleted blood from the veins of the body
|
right atrium
|
|
|
which atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary veins from the lungs
|
left atrium
|
|
|
which ventricle pumps oxygen-depleted blood to the plumonary arteries so it can be oxygenated in the lungs
|
right ventricle
|
|
|
which ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood to the aorta, from which blood is gradually delivered to all body cells
|
left ventricle
|
|
|
the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
|
tricuspid valve
|
|
|
the valve at the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
|
pulmonary valve
|
|
|
the balve between the left arium and the left ventricle
|
mitral valve, or bicuspid valve
|
|
|
the valve at the base of the aortic artery in the left ventricle
|
aortic valve
|
|
|
the route the electrical impulse travels to cause the heart to contract
|
The SA node, the AV node, the bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers
|
|
|
the major artery from the heart that supplies all other arteries with blood
|
aorta
|
|
|
the vessels that supply the heart itself with blood
|
coronary arteries
|
|
|
the arteries that supply the brain and head with flood
|
carotid arteries
|
|
|
the major artery of the thigh which supplies the groin and leg with blood
|
femoral ateries
|
|
|
an artery on the foot
|
dorsalis arteries
|
|
|
the artery that travels from the calf to the foot
|
posterior tribial arteries
|
|
|
the major artery of the upper arm
|
brachial arteries
|
|
|
the major artery of the arm distal to the elbow joint - can be felt proximal to the thumb on the wrist
|
radial arteries
|
|
|
the artery which originate at the right ventricle of the heart
|
pulmonary arteries
|
|
|
the vessel that carries blood back to the heart
|
vein
|
|
|
which vein carries oxygen-depleted blood back to the right atrium, where it begins circulation through the heart and lungs
|
venae cavae
|
|
|
which veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
|
pulmonary veins
|
|
|
blood is made up of what 4 parts
|
1 - red blood cells
2 - white blood cells 3 - platelets 4 - plasma |
|
|
gives blood its color, carrying oxygen to the body cells and carbon-dioxide away from the cells
|
red blood cells
|
|
|
part of the blood that is part of the body's immune system and help to fight against infection
|
white blood cells
|
|
|
part of the blood essential to the formation of blood clots, necessary to stop bleeding
|
platelets
|
|
|
the liquid part of the blood, which carries blood cells and transports nutrients to all tissues
|
plasma
|
|
|
the force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the arteries when the left venticle contracts
|
systolic blood pressure
|
|
|
the force exerted against the walls of the artries when the left ventricle is at rest, or between contractions
|
diastolic blood pressure
|
|
|
the delivery of oxygen, glucose and other nutrients to the body's cells, and the elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes
|
perfusion
|
|
|
insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the body's cells and inadequate elimation of carbon dioxide and other wastes
|
shock or hypoperfusion
|
|
|
The _________ ________ consists of the brain and the spinal cord
|
Nervouse System
|
|
|
the three layers of protective membranes enclosing the brain and the spinal cord
|
meninges
|
|
|
the outermost portion of the brain
|
cerebrum
|
|
|
the "small brain" located in posterior and inferior aspect of the cranium
|
cerebellum
|
|
|
contains the mesencephalon, the pons and the medulla oblongata
|
the brainstem
|
|
|
the three main subdivisions of the brain
|
cerebrum
cerebellum brainstem |
|
|
composed of the nerves located outside the spinal cord and brain
|
peripheral nervouse system
|
|
|
the body system that transports blood to all parts of the body - includes the heart, blood vessels and blood
|
circulatory system or
cardiovascular system |
|
|
the body system including the brain, spinal cord and nerves that controls the voluntary and involuntary activity of the human body
|
nervous system
|
|
|
a system of ductless glands that produce hormones that regulate body functions
|
endocrine system
|
|
|
the gland that regulated memtabolism, forwth and development, and the activity of the nervous sytem
|
thyroid gland
|
|
|
the glands that produce a hormone necessary for the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the bones
|
parathyroid glands
|
|
|
the glands that secret epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, postpone muscle fatigue, increase the storage of sugar, control kidney function and regulate the metabolism of salt and water
|
adrenal glands
|
|
|
the glands that produce the hormones that govern reproduction and sex characteristics
|
gonads
(ovaries and testes) |
|
|
the glands that make insulin which allows glucose to enter the cells - located in the pacreas
|
islets of Langerhans
|
|
|
the gland that is considered to be the "master gland" - regulates growth and the other glands
|
pituitary gland
|
|
|
what is the integumentary system
|
the skin
|
|
|
the three layers of the skin
|
1 - epidermis
2 - dermis 3 - subcutaneous layer |
|
|
the outermost layer of skin
|
epidermis
|
|
|
the second layer of skin, thick, contains the blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, sensory nerves
|
dermis
|
|
|
the layer of fatty tissue just below the dermis
|
subcutaneous layer
|
|
|
the four accessory structures of the skin
|
nails
hair sweat glands oil glands |
|
|
the abdominal cavity contains all major organs of the digestive system except for the _______ and the _______
|
mouth
esophagus |
|
|
the organ that produces bile and stores sugars
|
liver
|
|
|
the organ that helps in the filtration of blood
|
spleen
|
|
|
the organ that is a hollow pouch and acts as a reservoir for bile
|
gall bladder
|
|
|
what is made up of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum
|
small intestine
|
|
|
consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra
|
urinary system or
renal system |
|
|
what filters waste from the bloodstream and helps control fluid balance
|
kidneys
|
|
|
what carries the wastes from the kidneys to the bladder
|
ureters
|
|
|
what stores the urine prior to execretion
|
urinary bladder
|
|
|
what carries urine from the bladder out of the body
|
urethra
|
|
|
Supine |
|
|
Prone |
|
|
Right Lateral Recumbent |
|
|
Fowler's Position |
|
|
Trendelenburg Position |
|
|
Right Atrium, Tricuspid Valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Valve, Left Atrium, Aortic Valve, Left ventricle |
Blood Flow through the heart |
|
|
Located in the anterior neck regulates metabollism , growth and development and the activity of the nervous system |
Thyroid Gland |
|
|
Located behind the thyroid produce a hormone necessary for the metabolism of calcium and phospherous in the bones |
Parathyroid Glands |
|
|
Sits atop the kidneys, secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, postpone muscle fatigue, increase the storage of sugar, control kidney functions and regulates the metabolism of salt and water. |
Adrenal Glands |
|
|
Hormones that govern reproduction and sexual characteristics (Ovaries and Testes) |
Gonads |
|
|
Located in the pancreas makes insulin which allows glucose to enter cells and also produce glucagon and hormone that raise glucose level in the blood. |
Islets of Langerhans |
|
|
Set at the base of the brain is considered the master gland, regulates growth, etc... |
Pituitary Gland |
|
|
Large Hollow Organ that is the main organ of the digestive system |
Stomach |
|
|
Digestion begins here |
Mouth |
|
|
Flexible tube-like structure that is located posterior to the trachea and is responsible for carrying food from the mouth to the stomach |
Esophagus |
|
|
The largest solid organ in the abdomen, lies immediately beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant |
Liver |
|
|
The colon |
Large Intestines |
|
|
A hollow pouch. Part of the bile duct leading from the liver. A reservoir for bile. |
Gall bladder |
|
|
A solid organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen cavity - helps in the filtration of blood and because it contains a dense network of blood vessels, serves as a reservoir of blood for the body |
Spleen |
|
|
vasoconstriction causing blood to be shunted to the core of the body, resulting in the skin becoming pale and cool; also causes sweat glands to release sweat causing the skin to be moist and clammy |
alpha1 effect of epinephrine/norepinephrine |
|
|
effects are thought to regulate the release of alpha1 |
alpha2 effect of epinephrine/norepinephrine |
|
|
effects all relate to the heart; increases heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and speed up the electrical impulse traveling down the heart's conduction system |
beta1 effect of epinephrine/norepinephrine |
|
|
effects cause smooth muscle to dilate, especially the bronchioles and in some vessels |
beta2 effect of epinephrine/norepinephrine |
|
|
commonly known as the skin; protecting the body of the environment, bacteria, and other foreign organisms; regulate the body temperature serving as a receptor for heat, cold, touch, pain, and pressure aiding in the regulation of water and electrolytes |
functions of the integumentary system |
|
|
outermost layer of skin composed of four layers of cells. outer two layers are dying and dead cells that are sloughed off as new cells replace them; melanin is located in the deepest layers of the epidermis |
epidermis |
|
|
second layer of skin, much thicker than the epidermis; contains the vast network of blood vessels that supply the skin as well as the hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, and sensory nerves. the dermis is composed of dense connective tissue, giving the skin it's elasticity and strength |
dermis |
