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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biochemistry is under __.
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Organic Chemistry
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Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of __.
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carbon compounds
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Biochemistry is:
> The chemistry of __. > Study of life in the __level. > It is concerned with the biological molecules of living organisms; its __, __, and __. > It relates to how the biomolecules work in supporting the different life's processes and how they are affected by __ factors. |
> life
> molecular > structure, properties, and functions > external |
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5 Major Complex Biomolecules?
What are their BUILDING BLOCKS and FUNCTIONS? |
1. DNA - deoxynucleotides - genetic material
2. RNA - rebonucleotides - protein synthesis 3. Proteins - amino acids - carry out work 4. Carbohydrates - glucose - short term storage of energy as glucose 5. Lipids - fatty acids - long storage of energy as triacylglycerols |
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5 Chief Components of the Human Body?
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1. Protein - 17.0%
2. Fats - 13.8% 3. Carbohydrates - 1.50% 4. Water - 61.60% 5. Minerals/Vitamins- 6.10% |
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__ and __ uses water in chemical reaction. This process is known as __.
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Proteins and Carbohydrates
Hydrolysis |
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The CELL is the __ of biochemical activities.
It is the __ of life. |
site
building blocks |
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2 COMPOSITIONS of the Cell?
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Organic and Inorganic
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In Organic composition (10-25%), you have:
1. __ - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids 2. others - __ > substances with high group transfer potential (i.e. creatinine PO4, phosphoenol pyruvate, ATP, etc.) > metabolic intermediates |
1. biomolecules
2. coenzymes |
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In Inorganic composition (1%), you have:
1. __ - 70-90% 2. Ions |
1. water
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What are the 2 types of IONS?
__ and __ |
Abundant and Trace Ions
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Abundant ions are:
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Na, K, Ca, Mg
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Na+ - sodium
__ ion > activates __ which leads to __ formation > causes __ retention * ATPase means __. |
EXTRACELLULAR
> ATPase, ADP > water * adenosine triphosphate |
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K+ - potassium
__ ion > required by enzymes like ATPase, pyruvate kinase, phosphatases > low level can lead to __ |
INTRACELLULAR
> sudden death |
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102. You add RBCs from different individuals to both Anti-A and to Anti-B typing sera and obtain one of the following reactions: Which of the following represents results from someone who is type 0
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a
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Mg++ - magnesium
present mainly in __ > activates phosphatases, transphosphorylases, enolases, peptidases, etc. |
RBC
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What are the TRACE ions?
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Zn, Fe, I, Cu, Mn, Co, Sn, Cr
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Fe++, Fe+++ - ferrous sulfate - 70% in __
> also found in myoglobin, cytochrome C, peroxidases, catalases, oxidases, and in iron-sulfur proteins |
hemoglobin
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Zn++ - 90% of all __ require Zn
Deficiency leads to: 1. __ retardation 2. __ RBC 3. dermatitis 4. poor __ healing 5. impaired __ response |
90%
1. growth 2. low 4. wound 5. immune |
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I - iodine
contained in the __ hormone |
thyroid
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Cr+++ - chromium
helps maintain normal __ level by interacting with __ receptors |
glucose, insulin
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Mn++ - manganese
enzyme__ of histidase, amino peptidase |
cofactor
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Cu++ - copper
required by variety of __; cytochrome oxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, tryosinase, uricase |
enzymes
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Co++ - cobalt
found in __ coenzyme |
cyanocobalamine
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Mo++ - molybdenum
cofactor of __ oxidase |
xanthine
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Sn+++ - tin
stabilizes tertiary __ structure |
protein
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Plasma membrane
__ the entire cell; acts as __ > contains __ and __ > structure of the plasma membrane: lipid __ > semipermeable; selective * crystalloidal particles can pass through; colloidal cannot |
surrounds; barrier/protective
> pumps and channels > bilayer |
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Nucleus
__ of the cell; __ center of the cell > contains __ material > prokaryotes vs eukaryotes Prokaryotes contains no nucleus and lack many of the organelles. Eukaryotes contain nucleus and has many membrane bound organelles |
brain; control
genetic |
