Pdbio 120 - Lecture 9 - Protein Translation

Front 1

The <b>ribosomes</b> read the mRNA from the __' end to the __’ end to synthesis the protein

Back 1

The _______ read the mRNA from the <b>5’</b> end to the <b>3’</b> end to synthesis the protein.

Front 2

In _______ cells, <b>transcription and translation</b> are separated in space and time

Back 2

In <b>eukaryote</b> cells, _______ are separated in space and time

Front 3

A special type of RNA named _______ is required for <b>protein synthesis</b>

Back 3

A special type of RNA named <b>transfer RNA (tRNA)</b> is required for ______

Front 4

Each <b>tRNA</b> can only bind a single type of _______

Back 4

Each _______ can only bind a single type of <b>amino acid (Val, Ser, etc.)</b>

Front 5

In the lower loop of the tRNA are <b>three bases</b> called _______ that determine the type of amino acid the tRNA can bind and the mRNA sequence the tRNA will bind to

Back 5

In the lower loop of the tRNA are _______ called <b>the anticodon</b> that determine the type of amino acid the tRNA can bind and the mRNA sequence the tRNA will bind to

Front 6

The <b>anticodon</b> is listed from __' to __' for ease in determining the codon sequence

Back 6

_______ is listed from <b>3'</b> to <b>5'</b> for ease in determining the codon sequence

Front 7

The <b>anticodon</b> binds to the codon of the _______ sequence

Back 7

The ______ binds to the codon of the <b>mRNA</b> sequence

Front 8

Tyrosine: <b>5'UAC3'</b>
Anticodon: _______

Back 8

Tyrosine: ______
Anticodon: <b>3'AUG5'</b>

Front 9

There are _______ [#] total possible combinations of <b>three</b> nucleotides

Back 9

There are <b>64</b> total possible combinations of _______ [#] nucleotides

Front 10

Because _______ [#] nucleotides code for <b>stop codons (stopping protein synthesis)</b>, there are _______ [#] sequences that code for amino acids

Back 10

Because <b>three</b> nucleotides code for _______ codons, there are <b>61</b> sequences that code for amino acids

Front 11

The <b>ribosome</b> is composed of:
* ______
* ______

Back 11

The _______ is composed of:
* <b>Ribisomal RNA (rRNA)</b>
* <b>34 different proteins</b>

Front 12

The ribosome have _______ [#] docking sites for <b>tRNAs</b>

Back 12

The ribosome have <b>three</b> docking sites for ______

Front 13

Ribosome docking site __ holds tRNA that will exit after it has released its <b>amino acid</b> to the growing protein

Back 13

RIbosome docking site <b>E</b> holds tRNA that will exit after it has released its _______ to the growing protein

Front 14

Ribosome docking site __ holds a tRNA attached to an amino acid that is part of a <b>peptide</b> chain

Back 14

Ribosome docking site <b>P</b> holds a tRNA attached to an amino acid that is part of a _______ chain.

Front 15

Ribosome docking site __ holds a tRNA with a <b>free</b> amino acid

Back 15

Ribosome docking site <b>A</b> holds a tRNA with a _______ amino acid. A is for acceptor

Front 16

During protein synthesis, an _______ tRNA (tRNA with an amino acid attached) diffuses into the <b>A</b> site and the anticodon of the tRNA binds to the mRNA

Back 16

During protein synthesis, an <b>aminoacyl</b> tRNA (tRNA with an amino acid attached) diffuses into the __ site and the anticodon of the tRNA binds to the mRNA

Front 17

During protein synthesis, the ribose slides down the mRNA by three nucleotides (a codon) and the <b>tRNA</b> in each of the three sites are shifted over one place toward the __’ end of mRNA

Back 17

During protein synthesis, the ribose slides down the mRNA by three nucleotides (a codon) and the ______ in each of the three sites are shifted over one place toward the <b>5’</b> end of mRNA

Front 18

During protein synthesis, as the ribose slides down the mRNA, the tRNA in the __ site <b>dissociates from the complex</b>

Back 18

During protein synthesis, as the ribose slides down the mRNA, the tRNA in the <b>E</b> site _______

Front 19

During protein synthesis, as the ribose slides down the mRNA, the tRNA from the <b>P</b> site moves to the __ site

Back 19

During protein synthesis, as the ribose slides down the mRNA, the tRNA from the __ site moves to the <b>E</b> site

Front 20

During protein synthesis, as the ribose slides down the mRNA, the tRNA with the peptide attached moves from the <b>A</b> site to the __ site

Back 20

During protein synthesis, as the ribose slides down the mRNA, the tRNA with the peptide attached moves from the __ site to the <b>P</b> site

Front 21

Each cycle of the <b>elongation</b> process requires several molecules of ______ to form the peptide bonds and move the ribosome down the mRNA (5’ to 3’)

Back 21

Each cycle of the _______ process requires several molecules of <b>ATP</b> to form the peptide bonds and move the ribosome down the mRNA (5’ to 3’)

Front 22

mRNA sequence: <b>'5'UUG3'</b>
Anticodon: _______

Back 22

mRNA sequence: _______
Anticodon: <b>3'AAC5'</b>

Front 23

______ mutation: <b>Change in nucleotide that does not change amino acid specified by codon</b>

Back 23

<b>Silent</b> mutation: ______ [Definition]

Front 24

______ mutation: <b>Change in nucleotide that changes amino acid specified by codon</b>

Back 24

<b>Missense (Replacement)</b> mutation: _____ [Definition]

Front 25

_______ mutation: <b>Change in nucleotide that results in early stop codon</b>

Back 25

<b>Nonsense</b> mutation: _______ [Definition]

Front 26

_______ mutation: <b>Addition or deletion of a nucleotide</b>

Back 26

<b>Frameshift</b> mutation: _______ [Definition]

Front 27

A _______ mutation causes <b>a change in genotype but no change in phenotype</b>

Back 27

A <b>silent</b> mutation causes _______

Front 28

A _______ mutation causes <b>a change in the primary structure of protein</b>

Back 28

A <b>missense (replacement)</b> mutation causes ______

Front 29

A _______ mutation causes <b>premature termination where the polypeptide is truncated</b>

Back 29

A <b>nonsense</b> mutation causes _______

Front 30

A _______ mutation causes <b>massive missense</b>

Back 30

A <b>frameshift</b> mutation causes _______

Front 31

_______ [disease] is an example of a <b>mutation</b>

Back 31

<b>Sickle cell anemia</b> is an example of a _______