Pct Exam Practice Questions.

Front 1

Hemodialysis has three typical type of access; fistula (preferred access), grafts, and venous catheters. When large veins are needed for the access and they cannot believe it needed to be brought to the surface for needle access is called?

Back 1

Transposed.

Front 2

In the process of dialysis, dialysate is the solution. What is the solvent?

Back 2

Solute

Front 3

It is important to monitor nutrition in the dialysis patient. Protein levels are typically check with the blood test called serum albumen. The correct level for this should be?

Back 3

4.0 g/dL

Front 4

Total cell volume (TCV) is also called the fiber bundle Volume. When preparing a dialyzer, what is the total cell volume (TCV)?

Back 4

The total amount of fluid that the dialyzer blood compartment will hold. (Total volume (TCV) or Fiber bundle volume is the total of fluid the dialyzer blood compartment will hold. This is an indicator of the dialyzer overall performance

Front 5

The dialysis technician must take care to protect water samples. When processing sample for bacteria, this should be done within 1 to 2 hours of gathering samples or they may be a refrigerated for later processing. Is refrigerated samples must be tested within 24 hours. What medium is used for testing Waters and dialysate samples?

Back 5

Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA).

Front 6

The level of saturation rate in a liquid is determined by how much solute can be dissolved is called the ____________ of a liquid?

Back 6

Concentration

Front 7

In the function of kidneys, the proper balance of fluid and chemicals in the body is called what?

Back 7

Hemostasis.

The kidneys are responsible for moving waste, balancing electrolytes, and making hormones.

Front 8

Using the National Kidney Foundation list of the stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which stage is indicated by a 15-29 Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and indicates the patient is ready for dialysis?

Back 8

stage 4.

Stage 4 is indicated by a severe drop in GFR and the patient is symptomatic for dialysis treatment.

Definition: (GFR) is Glomerular filtration rate which is (mL/min/1.73m2).

Front 9

Fistulas are used to provide access to the bloodstream and provide dialysis. fistula is autogenous, which means?

Back 9

It's made from the patient's own blood vessel.

Definition: an arteriovenous fistula is a link between an artery and a vein under the skin of an arm or leg to provide access to the blood. The force of blood from the arteries make the vein larger and thicker After a fistula matures, it can be punctured with dialysis needles and will allow the blood flow rate needed for dialysis.

Front 10

It is important to monitor malnutrition in the dialysis patient. Protein levels are typically check with the blood test called serum albumin. The correct level for this should be __________?

Back 10

4.0 g/dL or higher to prevent malnutrition.

Front 11

CMS guidelines in labeling requirements include all of these except?

Back 11

Level must be no longer than 3 inches by 5 inches in size.

This is not one of the requirements. The labeling requirements include label must remain readable through reprocessing, the label does not cover the model number, and on clear casing the blood test must be visible

Front 12

Clinics should make sure the training program makes sense for their Center to be cost-effective and meet training needs. What are the five areas of the training model you will assess?

Back 12

Leadership, coordinator time, preceptor, flexibility and funding.

When developing the five areas of training models for your facility you assess leadership, coordinator time, preceptors, flexibility and funding.

Front 13

Which of the dialyzers characteristic explains the solute size that can pass through the membrane of a dialyzer?

Back 13

The molecular weight cut off.

Fix explains the solute that can pass through the membrane of the title.

Definition: molecular weight cut off dash is the largest solute size that can pass through a given semi permeable membrane.

Front 14

In dialysis and fluid movement, solubility is defined as?

Back 14

How well a solid will be fully dissolved in a solvent.

Front 15

Total cell volume (TCV) is also called the fiber bundle Volume. When preparing a new dialyzer, what is the total cell volume (TCV)?

Back 15

The total amount of Florida license compartment will hold.

This is an indicator of the dialyzer overall performance.

Front 16

In the structure of the kidneys, the glomerulus sends filtrate into the tubule. The four parts of the tubule include the proximal convoluted tubule, and which other three parts?

Back 16

Loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting tubule.

Definition: Loop of Henle-The loop of Henle is a part of a nephron and is a tiny tube inside the kidney that filters solutes.

Front 17

(True or false) It is important to understand the scientific principle of fluid used in the dialysis. A solvent is a fluid?

Back 17

True.

Solvents are fluids. Solute are substances that can be dissolved, and a solution is a mixture of a solvent and a solid.

Front 18

True or false, dialysis is so complex that an entire team is required to meet the patient's needs?

Back 18

True.

True. Dialysis is so complex, that an entire team is needed to meet the patient's needs. This includes nutrition, medication, and a social support.

Front 19

The CMS dialysis technician standards require that dialysis technicians meet the state requirements for education and which of these?

Back 19

Both B&C. Have a high school diploma and complete the training program approved by the medical director.

Front 20

Which of these are goals of the dialysis technician?

Back 20

All of these. To help dialyze and clean the blood, to help patients live as fully as they can, and to help patients feel their best.

The dialysis technician is a rewarding career caring for and working with patients

Front 21

Which test is used to determine the gram - negative bacteria that forms and endotoxin?

Back 21

Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) test.

The LAL will test for the gram negative bacteria that forms endotoxins.

Front 22

The dialysis technicians must take care to protect water samples. When processing samples for bacteria, this should be done within 1 to 2 hours of gathering samples or they may be refrigerator for later processing. If refrigerated samples must be tested within 24 hours. What medium is used for testing Waters and dialysate samples?

Back 22

Tryptic Soy agar. (TSA)

TSA is the medium of choice use for testing water and dialysate samples. Do not use chocolate or blood agar, as there are too nutrient-rich for the waterborne bacteria. The calibrated Loop offers too small of a sample size.

Front 23

It is important for the dialysis technician to know how dialyzers work. Each dialyzer has a blood and a dialysate compartment, which of these compartment is the compartment that is around outside of the fibers?

Back 23

Dialysate compartment.

The dialysate compartment is around the outside of the fibers the blood compartment is considered inside of the hollow fibers.

Front 24

It is important for dialysis technician to know how dialyzers work. Each dialyzer has a Blood & Dialysate compartment, which of these compartment is the compartment that it's around the outside of the fibers?

Back 24

Dialysate compartment.

The dialysate compartment is around the outside of the fibers the blood compartment is considered inside of the hollow fibers.

Front 25

True or false, both AAMI and Medicare conditions coverage State you are never to reuse a dialyzer from patient who test positive for Hepatitis A surface antigen?

Back 25

False.

Both AAMI and Medicare conditions for coverage State you are never to reuse a dialyzer for a patient who test positive for the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBV+). Not reusing the dialyzer after hepatitis B patient keeps dialysis employees and other patients safe.

Front 26

In the process of dialysis, dialysate is the solution. What is the solvent?

Back 26

Treated water.

Each of these has to be monitored closely with the patient's blood levels.

Definitions: Osmosis- is movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a lower solute concentration to a higher ones, until the water level in the same on both sides. Osmosis is too slow to remove enough water for hemodialysis. So, water movement is aided by a hydraulic pressure gradient.

Front 27

The fluid and electrolyte balance is important for the bloodstream. What percentage of water (fluid) contained in the Glomerular filtrate becomes urine?

Back 27

1%.

Only 1% of water (fluid) contained in the Glomerular filtrate becomes urine. The remaining fluid returns back into the bloodstream. It takes approximately 180 liters of filtrate to become one or two liters of urine.

Front 28

What are the three things that help control phosphorus levels?

Back 28

Diet, phosphate binders, hemodialysis treatment.

A common factor shared by most dialysis patients are higher level or off for phosphate. A diet of lower phosphorus food is necessary, Phosphate Binders will assist with absorption and will be removed thru the stool, hemodialysis treatment will remove phosphates from the patient but not enough to make a real difference. The patient adherence to their diet, taking phosphate binders and following their prescribed treatment times plays a vital role in controlling the patients phosphorus levels.

Front 29

You should wear of facial or protective eyewear in all of these situations except?

Back 29

When bagging soiled clothing.

Front 30

CMS dialysis technician standards require that the dialysis technician training program include which which of these subjects?

Back 30

Possible complications.

CMS dialysis technician standard required to have a technician training program include principles dialysis, care patients, dialysis procedures, complications, infection control, safety, and dialyzer reprocessing.

Front 31

As of 1996 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires dialysis to the label with "single" or "multiple" use. Only multiple-use dialyzer can be reused and must contain a level starting they are reusable. What must be contained on this label?

Back 31

Both A and B. At least one way to reuse to dialyzer and scientific proof that message use is safe and effective.

Front 32

The CMS condition for coverage are specific in the requirement for dialyzer labeling. They require the patient's name is on the dialyzer prior to initial used. When patients have the same or similar names which of these may be added to the label for clarity?

Back 32

Both B and C are correct medical record number and a color code

Front 33

The CMS Conditions for Coverage are specific in the requirements for dialyzer labeling. They require the patients name is on the dialyzer prior to initial use. When patients have the same or similar name which of these may be added to the lable for clarity?

Back 33

B and C correct. Medical record number and a color code.

when patients have the same or similar names you may add extra information such as the middle initial, medical record numbers, or a color code. Age would not be distinguishing identifiers to help eliminate using the dialyzer on the incorrect patient.

Front 34

Hemodialysis has three typical types of access, fistulas (preferred access), grafts and venous catheters. When large veins are needed for the access and they cannot be reached and need to be brought to the surface for needle access this is called?

Back 34

Transposed.

Veins are transposed to when they are brought to the surface of the skin.

Front 35

Which of these is the most likely access to become clouded?

Back 35

Catheter.

Catheter often require replacement and are typically for patients who cannot have a graft or fistula or are waiting to have one be placed.

Definition: a catheter is a plastic tube. In hemodialysis, a catheter can be placed in a large, Central vein for short-term or longer-term access. In peritoneal dialysis, a catheter is placed in the abdomen or chest. It is used to infuse fresh dialysate into the peritoneal and drain used dialysate.

Front 36

Disease can be spread in three main ways. Which of these is NOT included in the transmission methods?

Back 36

Waterborne spread.

Waterborne spread is not a transmission method. The transmission methods include direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet spreads.

Front 37

Arteriovenous grafts are a permanent form of venous access made by a surgeon linking an artery and a vein with synthetic material. Which of these is NOT considered a downfall of grafts?

Back 37

Are made of plastic which is foreign to the body.

Therefore this is not a downfall of grafts. Being made of plastic is one of the downfalls of catheters. The downfall of grafts include: Prone to stenosis, more prone to infection and fistulas, and they have a shorter life span than fistulas.

Front 38

According to the guidance provided by the CDC when washing your hands with soap applied you should wash them for a least how long?

Back 38

15 seconds, covering all surfaces and between the fingers.

Front 39

Which type of training runs the risk of causing stress among trainees?

Back 39

Shadowing.

Shadowing Pairs an employee with a buddy to teach skills and procedures but often causes stress for employees who do not learn well.

Front 40

True or false. Studies have recently proven there is no need to change gloves if you are not touching a patient?

Back 40

False.

You must wear gloves when touching a patient or equipment and must change gloves between patients.

Front 41

Which dialyzer characteristics explains how much water will be removed during a treatment?

Back 41

Ultrafiltration coefficient.

The ultrafiltration coefficient tells how much water will be removed during a dialysis treatment.

Definition: ultrafiltration - (UF) is filtration caused by a pressure gradient between two sides of a filter. The rate of UF depends on the transmembrane pressure and aspects of the dialyzer.

Front 42

A chemical monitoring is required at least once a year. Chlorine and Chloramine must be monitor in order to prevent which of these?

Back 42

All of these.

1. Methemoglobinemia

2. Hemolysis

3. Hemlolytic anemia

These are caused because chlorine are oxidants which destroy cell walls.

Front 43

Hemodialysis is a very complex process based on very simple principles. Hemodialysis will do all of the following EXCEPT?

Back 43

Restore the kidneys to normal function.

Dialysis will help the patient maintain a healthy life with proper management.

Front 44

In order to prevent bacteria growth water that is contained in the product water distribution loop must have a flow rate of at least how much?

Back 44

3 feet per second.

The EPA has established minimum standards to prevent bacteria growth in water. Product water in the distribution loop must have a flow of at least 3 feet per second.

Front 45

Which of these are good reason to develop a preceptor training program?

Back 45

All of these.

1. A cost effective way to develop competence.

2. Enhance professionalism

3. Promoting the appeal of your clinic to prospective employees.

Front 46

Dialysis filter waste and excess water from the blood stream. To reduce these wastes all of the following are done EXCEPT?

Back 46

Exercise.

Exercise is always beneficial to patients but not a method center used to remove waste and excess water buildup.

Front 47

The mass transfer coefficient tells what about a dialyzer?

Back 47

How well a solute will pass through the membrane.

Front 48

Which of these is one of the benefits of adsorption?

Back 48

The protein keeps the foreign membrane away from the blood.

Adsorption is a benefit because the protein keeps the foreign membrane away from the blood. The protein may also inhibit some of the diffusion.

Front 49

Which of these are included in pay for performance measures?

Back 49

A and B.

A. Hemoglobin levels.

B. Hemodialysis adequacy.

They're measure for Medicare.

Front 50

Endotoxins are part of the cell wall of the dead so which may pass to the dialyzer membrane and cause a pyrogenic affect. What is the maximum endotoxin unit (EU/mL) level allowable in water samples?

Back 50

2 (EU/mL).

AMI monitoring guidelines for water purification equipment, distribution systems and dialysate is 2 (EU/mL).

Front 51

There are several dialyzers characteristics that are important in how the patient is treated, their level of comfort, and their safety during the dialysis treatment. Which dialyzer characteristics explain the rate of solute removal?

Back 51

Clearance.

Clearance is a dialyzer characteristics which show the rate of solute removal during a dialysis treatment.

Definition: Clearance - the amount of blood (in mL) that is completely cleared of a solute in one minute of dialysis at a given blood and dialysate flow rate. Dialyzer clearance affect how much treatment of patience receive. Dialyzer makers test their products with fluid others than blood (in vitro). This means that the clearance of a Dialyzer during treatment (in vivo) can vary from the makers stated clearance.

Front 52

The aseptic technique is used to keep area germ free and sterile. Which of these aseptic term is used to denote an object that was sterile but was touch by a non sterile object?

Back 52

Contaminated.

Definition: Aseptic technique - is a series of steps used to maintain a germ free environment. The steps include washing hands before touching things in Sterile packages, touching sterile objects only to other sterile objects, cleaning Blood port or the patient's skin with disinfectant before placing a needle, and throwing out any sterile supplies in wet, damage, or torn packages.. Peritoneal dialysis exchange must be done using aseptic technique to prevent infection.