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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cranial nerve one and a way to test it
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olfactory-have pt smell something strong
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cranial nerve two and way to test it
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occular- eye chart
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cranial nerve three and a way to test it
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occulomotor- move eyes up and down and shine light to check dilation
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cranial nerve four
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trochlear- have eyes track a moving target
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cranial nerve five
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trigeminal-mastication-facial sensation and chewing-open and close eyes and mouth
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cranial nerve six
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abducens- look to the side
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cranial nerve seven
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facial- expressions taste in the anterior 2/3 of tongue
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cranial nerve eight
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vestibulocochlear-tuning fork
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cranial nerve nine
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glossopharyngeal-parotid/carotid
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cranial nerve ten
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vagus-gag/swallow
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cranial nerve eleven
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spinal accesory turn head and lift shoulders
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cranial nerve twelve
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stick out tongue
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glascow coma scale scores from
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3 to 15
on verbal, motor, and eye opening |
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score for eye opening
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4- spontaneous
3-to speech 2-to pain 1- none |
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score for motor response
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6-obeys command
5-localizes pain 4-withdraws to pain 3-abnormal flexion 2-extensor response 1-none |
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verbal response
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5-oriented
4- confused 3-innapropriate words 2-incomprehensible sounds 1-none |
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decorticate
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into the core or flexion
damage in the cerebral hemispheres or thalamus |
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decerebrate
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away from body or extension
damage to midbrain or pons |
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constant blood flow to the brain is so important because
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the brain cannot store blood or csf so it needs it constantly flowing
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normal CBF is
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50-100 mmHg
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causes of ICP
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cerebral edema
mass lesions increased amounts of CSF (we produce 500mL every day) increased intracranial blood volume |
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1st sign of change in ICP is
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change of LOC
diplopia h/a n&V |
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Cushings Triad
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increased SBP
brady widening pulse pressure |
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management of ICP
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HOB >30
assess neuro consistantly hip flexion >90 is avoided minimize environmental stimuli preventing increased metabolic demand |
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meds for cerebral edema
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mannitol
corticosteroids |
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cause of acute ischemic stroke
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embolism-occlusion of a cerebral vessel most often by blood clot
thrombosis most common type d/t atherosclerosis and formation of plaque in the artery-decreased blood flow caused by brain tissue ischemia which results in infarct hemorrhage compression or spasm of vessels |
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brainstem stroke
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loss of equilibrium and n/v are typical
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thrombolytic therapy needs to be given within
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3 hrs of onset of symptoms
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hemorrhagic stroke
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trauma vascular aneurysm
grading severity hunt and hess scale bleeding into subarachnoid space between the pia mater and the arachnoid-so blood is coating the brain's surface |
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epidural hemorrhage cause and treatment
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#1 cause is trauma
buildup of blood in between the dura mater and the skull trtmt: neurosurgical eval/craniotomy |
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subdural hemorrhage
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dura and arachnoid
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define seizures
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repeated bursts of electrical activity that result in an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory impulses
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causes of seizure
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often a symptom of an underlying neuro problem:
tumor hemorrhage trauma infection hypoglycemia (no glucose reserve in the brain) drug OD fever |
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partial simple seizure
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consciousness is NOT impaired but motor and sensory symptoms occur
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complex simple seizure
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consciousness is impaired along with motor and sensory symptoms
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generalized seizures
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absence
myoclonic atonic clonic |
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absence seizure
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lapse of consciousness for 3-30 seconds
(staring spell) |
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myoclonic seizure
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sudden brief muscle jerking of one or more muscle groups
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atonic seizure
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loss of muscle tone
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clonic
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rhythmic muscle jerking (tonic/clonic grand mal)
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status epilepticus
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seizures where individual does not return to baseline mental status
lasts longer than 30 min |
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intracranial aneurysms
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localized dilation of an artery resulting from weakness of vessel wall
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