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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is oogenesis?
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Making eggs (in the ovaries)
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Describe the stages of egg maturation in the mother, prior to sperm introduction
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Oogenesis - Making eggs (in the ovaries)
Mother cell - diploid (2n) Meiosis (makes 1 egg(oocyte), 3 polar bodies) - haploid cells Starts in utero (up to meiosis, stops at prophase 1), at puberty restart, and stops at menopause, occurs within follicle, leaves follicle during ovulation, enters fallopian tube After ovulation, follicle becomes corpus luteum Once corpus luteum degenerates, it is known as a corpus albucans Sperm required to finish meiosis, otherwise arrested at metaphase II |
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What is the follicular phase?
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Follicular Phase = while eggs are in follicle (pre-ovulation) = grow eggs in follicles
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What is the luteal phase?
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Leuteal Phase = after egg has left follicle (ovulation) = leftovers/corpus luteum
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Describe the hormone cascade in the mother during the follicular phase
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Hypothalamus - makes GnRH
Goes to Anterior Pituitary - Makes FSH & LH FSH 1. mature oocytes 2. enlarge follicles) - about 5 started at once - process continues for 4 days, FSH continues to increase, GnRH goes down at same time - stops eggs from maturing 3. One egg (most mature) ignores this signal and keeps maturing, this causes GnRH to increase again, which causes LH to increase, forcing maturation (within about 2 weeks) (postive feedback loop) 4. As LH reaches peak of spike/surge, ovulation occurs Estrogen is increasing during Follicular phase (coming from follicles), peak of spike occurs immediately before (approx 1 day) ovulation 5. Uterine lining increases (thickens) during follicular phase |
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Describe the hormone cascade in the mother during the luteal phase
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1. LH maintains Corpus Luteum
2. Corpus luteum causes progesterone to increase, drops as corpus luteum converts to corpus albucans (scar tissue) 3. Uterine lining becomes more vascular during leuteal phase 4. If corpus leutem decays (no baby), progesterone levels go down, uterine vascularity decreases, menstruation occurs |
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What major hormonal events occur during the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase, respectively, in the mother?
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Follicular phase:
FSH and LH increasing GnRH goes down after approximately 4 days, stops all but one egg from maturing, which then causes positive feedback loop to increase GnRH/LH Oocyte maturing Follicule maturing causes estrogen to increase Increased estrogen causes uterus to thicken Ovulation: LH spike occurs during ovulation Estrogen spike occurs approximately one day before ovulation Luteal Phase: LH maintains Corpus luteum Corpus luteum causes Progesterone to increase Uterus vascularizes |
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How do birth control pills work, hormonally?
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Birth control adds progesterone or estrogen, holding levels high (as if corpus lutem were producing), fooling body into thinking it is already pregnant, meaning GnRH does not spike to restart cycle
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What does a pregancy test usually measure?
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Pregnancy test usually tests for level of Hcg hormone from embryo
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Describe the lengths of all stages of a woman's monthly cycle, in terms of fertility, menstruation, etc
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Ovulation to menstruation is 12-15 days, is only stable part of cycle - menstration to ovulation can vary from month to month
Can only conceive within one day of ovulation (sperm may already be present, extending functional window of conception up to a week) - egg self destructs after one day if not impregnated |
