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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are control surfaces mechanically operated? |
Manual(unassisted) linkage (standard bellcrank, push pull rods, cable, pulley) |
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What type of trim tabs are on ailerons and where are they |
Trailing edge of left aileron electronically operated by an actuator consisting of a 28 VDC electric driven motor the right trim tab is geared to the left |
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How is elevator trim accomplished |
Electric trim control. Moveable horizontal stabilizer |
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How is rudder trim accomplished? |
Electric trim on PCL |
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What is the min prop clearance with nose tire inflated and deflated |
Inflated- 12.5 in Deflated- 1.9in |
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Minimum turning radius |
33ft 6in |
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Steering range for the nose gear |
Rudder only- 12 degrees With braking- 60 degrees |
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How are the flaps operated |
Via controllable selector operating an electric motor 0,15,30,40 |
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What kind of flaps |
Flower type |
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What will cause a red CAWS to annunciate |
Flap asymmetry of 5 degrees Twist of 2 degrees Flexible shaft failure |
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What type of gear? How is shock absorbed? |
Tricycle retractable landing gear, hydraulically controlled and operated. Gear is held up by pressure. Shock is absorbed through the Pistons in the landing gear |
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What kind of brakes |
Hydraulically actuated single-disc brake on inboard of each main wheel. Brake system is separate and independent from aircraft hydraulic system. Whom ever applies more pressure will control the brakes |
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What kind of engine |
PT6A-67B reverse flow, free turbine. 4 axial stages one centrifugal impeller, annular reverse flow combustion chamber. Rated at 1600 SHP flat rated to 1200 SHP. Supplemental thrust generated by exhaust (jet thrust) accounts for 6% of total engine power |
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How many fuel nozzles when do they operate? |
14 duplex type nozzles, each has primary and secondary valve. During engine start primary flow begins as soon as there is fuel pressure secondary starts at approx 45% NG without secondary engine may hang at 40-45% NG during start. Normal ops idle-max power all 14 with both primary and secondary valves |
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Max NG? |
104% NG |
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What speed does the power turbine turn? |
29,894 RPM 100% NF |
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How does power turbine reduce speed to prop rotation |
Reduction gear box at front of engine |
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When is section of beta range prohibited |
During flight or when engine is shut down. PCL mechanically linked to prop hun and will bend and break if no oil lube |
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Min oil level for operation |
4 qt low |
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Normal oil level to operate? |
2 qt below max hot level |
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What critical element exists with regard to the oil dipstick |
Dipstick tube is pressurized part of oil system not properly securing will result in oil loss and possible bearing/engine seizure |
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Can engine oil brands be mixed |
No we use green can BP 2380 |
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Oil capacity |
14.5 qt |
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When do you check the oil |
Hot- 10 min after shutdown Cold-12 hours after shutdown |
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Memory item for ENG FIRE CAWS alert |
Pull the ECS SHUTOFF Handle |
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What percent of engine intake air is used for combustion and what for cooling |
Approx 20 percent of intake for combustion 80 for cooling |
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How does air induction system work |
Engine air inlet located at front under prop spinner. Ram air enters inlet flows through ducting and inertial separator system then enters engine through circular plenum chamber then directed to compressor by guide vanes compressor air inlet has screen to prevent entry of large articles but doesn't filter |
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What is the inertial separator when is it used |
Used to prevent FOD. On the ground, precipitation and when visual moisture and below 10c |
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How does the inertial separator work |
Intake air is forced to take hard turn before compressor section objects can't make the turn |
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Elements of compressor bleed system (with regards to compressor surge control) how does the system operate? |
Compressor bleed valve operated between 86-92%NG to prevent axial compressor from overloading centrifugal compressor at low rpm (axial is more efficient at low rpm) the valve is located between second and third axial stage. P3 air is conditioned (de pressurized) into PX which acts against bypass valve to close spring loaded valve as engine speed increases. The spring loaded valve opens when engine speed is below 92% until it is fully opened at 86% . Also some heated p2.5 air is ducted out of compressor for cabin defroster and climate control during ground operations |
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What is the path of fuel through the fuel system |
Main tanks- transfer pump- collector tank(boost pump)- delivery jet pump- maintenance shutoff valve- fuel filter (bypass)- air separator- firewall shutoff- low pressure engine driven fuel pump- fuel/oil heat exchanger- engine driven high pressure pump- filter(bypass)- FCU- fuel flow transducer- fuel flow divider(dump valve/ EPA can) 14 duplex nozzles Low hot high FFFF |
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What will happen if the ejector fuel pump fails |
When low fuel pressure is sensed (below 2.0 psi) and boost pump switch is in the NORM position, the electric (fuel) boost pump will automatically engage (the FUEL PRESS annunciator will illuminate) |
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How is freezing water in the fuel prevented |
Oil to fuel heat exchanger which routes hot oil into the exchanger via a heat sensing mechanical bypass valve |
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What will occur if there is a blockage in the fuel filter |
Red button will extend above the top of the fuel filter facing bay door indicating the filter is being bypassed. Preset to open at 8psi. Maintenance will reset the button once the issue is resolved |
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What happens to the excess fuel in the system when fuel condition lever is moved to cutoff |
Both primary and secondary fuel distribution manifolds close and p3 air forces the fuel into combustion chamber where it is burned off |
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What are the electrical sources |
24VDC, 24v / 42 amp hour- lead acid battery, 28vdc, 300- amp starter/ generator, 115 amp standby alternator |
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Where and how is ITT measured |
Between compressor and power turbines with a resistance thermocouple ITT sensor |
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At what measured tank level do the fuel low lights come on |
Below approx 20 gallons 2 per tank low pong of the main tanks and high point on collector tank |
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What are the starter limits |
Sequence, 60 seconds off, sequence 60 seconds off, sequence 30 min off |
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What is the max battery voltage required for a battery start and a GPU start |
24 volts for battery (fully charged) and 1000 amps with a GPU |
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Approx NG for engine start |
Stabilized at or above 13% NG |
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What is the fiction of the FCU |
FCU determines correct fuel to schedule to produce desired engine power in response to the PCL and condition lever movement during normal operations or MANUAL OVERRIDE (MOR) lever movement during emergency operations |
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What does red annunciator lamp indicate |
Hazardous condition requiring immediate corrective action |
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Yellow lamp indicate? |
Cautionary condition exists which requires either attention or action as able |
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Green lamp indicates |
Normal or safe condition or operation of equipment |
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What does the day/night switch do |
Connects variable intensity dimming for all the green and some Amber annunciator lights to the ENG INST rheostat when operated in the NIGHT setting |
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What doors are annunciator as open with DOOR WARNING light |
The passenger and cargo doors only |
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What do the turbine guide vanes do |
Ensure that exhaust gasses impinge the turbine blades at the optimal angle in other to capture the maximum amount of energy |
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What is the normal engine rpm/ NG speed |
1200 rpm at the prop and 101.6% or 33,000 rpm in the gas generator |
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How does the FCU (through power control manipulation) control fuel flow |
FCU- power levers act upon a pneumatic bellows which only increases or decreases the amount of fuel flow at a given rate (prevents runaway in the fuel supply delta for the turbine engine) p3 air acts upon the NG gov (which condition the p3 to Py air pressure) and the bellows to increase (or decrease) fuel flow as the power setting is altered, allowing p3 pressure to change, changing Py and pressure on the bellows |
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How does the manual override lever operate |
In the event of a pneumatic FCU failure the MOR is used to mechanically control the fuel supply to the engine. Be careful with lever it can over stress the engine if power changes are made to rapidly |
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If you accidentally move the condition lever to cutoff when on the ground what action should you take |
Do not attempt to reintroduce fuel as the could lead to an engine overheat. You should dry motor the endings to cool it down prior to attempting a normal start |
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Why is rotation of the propeller not desirable after engine is shutdown |
It can cause injury and oil pressure is supplied via gas generator, so insufficient lubrication of the power section occurs with the engine shut down |
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What does the condition lever do |
It controls the min NG % when the power lever is at idle position by mechanical linkage to a control rod located within the FCU |
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What is the normal operation (green) range of prop rpm |
1200-1700 rpm |
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What is the prop drive cycle |
Only two opposing propeller blades at one time heating lasting about 45 or 90 seconds |
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What can happen if the bleed heat air is left on during engine start |
A hot start and or high ITT and or high fuel flow |
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What is the min amp GPU to be used for engine start |
1000 amps |
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What is p3 air used for other than FCU and compressor bleed air |
Suction to vacuum gauges, pressurization deice boots, heat cabin air |
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What is the first indication you transferred from beta into reverse range |
As you transition from beta to reverse you will hear/see a power increase |
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Describe the different governors controlling prop rpm |
Primary governor regulated the supply of engine oil to the pitch change mechanism within the prop hub. The governor in shaft-driven via the bevel gear fitted to the prop shaft and is thus sensitive to changes in NP NF governing section/ fuel toping gov limits the fuel flow using the FCU. Using an air bleed lever a Py bleed orifice and lever and reset arm Prop overspeed condition when np exceeds 1700 RPM oil begins to be forced back through the bore of the gov into reduction gear box sump |
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What is the oil capacity |
14.5 normal range is within 2 qt low of max hot 10 min of shut down |
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How many igniter are in the engine and what is the NORM position for them |
Two igniters controlled by an ignition switch on the left side panel NORM arms and the igniters to turn on during the start cycle |
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What is the max fuel imbalance for flight |
178lbs 2 lcd bars |
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Approx how many gallons of jet a in 100 lbs |
15 gallons per 100 lbs 6.7 lbs per gal drop the 0 add half |
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What does the boost pump switch operate |
Electric aux boost pump in collector tanks |
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Describe the lubrication system |
Closed loop, dry simp with single pressure element system provides cooling and lubrication to engine bearings and accessory gear box. Provides heat to fuel, as well as oil to torque limiter and meter. Oil cooling is fully automatic with oil/fuel heat exchanger located between rgb and oil tank with a ram air oil cooler by the prop spinner and nose gear flap |
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How does the chip detector operate |
Magnetic open circuit in rgb and accessory gearbox oil assemblies of metal particles in the oil close the ciruut a warning with be annunciated land asap |
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When should a start be aborted due to an overheat condition |
NG 104% 1700 rpm 1000 ITT |
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What will happen if the amperage available does not meet the amps being drawn |
If you overdraw amps voltage will decrease equipment can handle this to a certain level approx 18 volts |
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Describe the different electrical annunciation a and what they indicate |
Gen 1 off light for a main generator failure and gen 2 on indicates alternator is covering all or part of the load. When on battery power (or when the voltage dips below 24.5 volts) the voltage low annunciator illuminates (almost always indicates electrical load is off battery) |
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If double gen failure how long can the batteries supply power |
20 min for loads under 60 amps, 30 min for 50ps, double of two batteries |
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What happens to the starter generator as NG accelerates |
Starter cutoff occurs at 50% if becomes a generator once you turn the generator switch on |
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Describe the volt/ammeter gauge selections and indications |
There is a separate volt/ammeter for each generator located in the EIS the battery volt/ammeter is located on the overhead panel |
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What indication exists if the nose gear tie limits were exceeded |
Shear pin block in the nose gear will break if the tie exceeded the limit angle |
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What flight instruments are pitot static |
Airspeed, altimeter, vsi |
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What flight instrument are gyro driven |
Electronic attitude directional indicators and horizontal situation indicators |
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What concern is there with moisture contamination in the static system |
There are dual static ports on each side of the rear empennage, the pilit and copilot side gauges are cross plumbed to one from each plate. If one side is blocked it with take data from the other side. Pitot static system- static port is located on the rear empennage- watch for moisture entering the static port- use pitot heat anytime you are in visible moisture |
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What is the basic engine failure procedure |
ABC airspeed- best glide Best place to land Checklist
Basic checklist Boost pumps on Ignition on (before NG below 50) Exercise power lever If nothing then use MOR if nothing then idle feather cutoff |
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What is the initial response to and engine fire annunciation |
PCL to min acceptable according to flight situation, ECS emergency shut- off pull, O2 mask on |
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What redundancy exists for the engine driven fuel pump |
None |
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Other than for a failure of generator what else may a generator off annunciation indicate |
The gen may be off |
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What is required to operate 135 in terminal area Ifr |
Communications, weather, approved approach procedure |
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When can you go Ifr to an airport without dedicated weather reporting station |
If faa weather observer is present at airport |
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What approach is not allowed for boutique |
NDB and contact approach |
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What three requirements are there to proceed to a landing from IAP |
Normal descent to an approach, flight visibility and runway environment in sight |
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When must you file and alternate under 135 |
135.223 If destination ceiling is less than 1,500 above lowest circling mda If no circling approach ceiling less than 1500 above lowest published mins or 2,000 agl whatever is higher and vis less than 3sm or 2sm more than lowest vis mins whichever is greater |
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Front (Term) What does c055 of op spec define |
Back (Definition) Alt weather mins need to list airport as alt 200/ 1/2sm 400/1sm |
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Front (Term) Can you file a vfr airport on and Ifr flight plan |
Back (Definition) No because of c055 |
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What takeoff mins apply |
1sm and lowest cat 1 mins If nonstandard is more than 1sm then nonstandard mins are controlling |
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When do you need an alternate takeoff airport |
When visibility required to takeoff is lower than lowest approach mins you are not allowed to depart |
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What is the procedure for a go around on a circle to land |
You do not have to go missed as long as it is not due to loss of airport you can stay in the pattern |
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What is required for Ifr at G airports |
CTAF or equivalent approved source of weather and IAP |
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What action may a pilot take with regards to M MEL items |
For Mel deferral items m indicates maintenance you can do federal action only in compliance with op spec and verbal clearance by DOM or ADOM |
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What requirements is there for briefing cards |
Make sure that each seat has one in good condition |
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What is the status for equipment failures that are not covered in the MEL |
You can't fly. Ferry permit is required |
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If an Mel exists can you use 91.205 |
No if Mel is in place it supersedes 91.205 |
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When must an approach be stabilized |
500' HAA for vfr 500 above mda for circle and 1000 hat for straight in Ifr |
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What op sec certify efb |
A046 |
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What is the policy with regards to interruptions to checklist |
Start over unless you're both certain where you left off |
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What is the policy with regards to interruptions to checklist |
Start over unless you're both certain where you left off |
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What is the duty time rules for flight under 135 for scheduled operations |
34 hrs in 7 days 1200 per year 120 per month You can't be Scheduled for more than 8 hours per shift (flight time) for less than 8 hrs shift must have 9hrs rest 8-8.9 must have 10 hrs rest for more than 9 must have 11 of rest |
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When are you not required to brief passengers |
If you do not pick up any additional passengers after a stop |
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When are you not required to brief passengers |
If you do not pick up any additional passengers after a stop |
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Cruise climb airspeed |
140kts |
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What is the holding airspeed and briefing requirement |
140kts pilot flying must brief |
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Max tailwind component |
10kts |
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Max tailwind component |
10kts |
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When parked for more than 1 hour how should the plane be configured |
Flaps up prop anchored, O2 off and separator closed |
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Max tailwind component |
10kts |
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When parked for more than 1 hour how should the plane be configured |
Flaps up prop anchored, O2 off and separator closed |
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What mode should MFD be run in during night and IMC |
MFD in terrain mode |
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Max tailwind component |
10kts |
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When parked for more than 1 hour how should the plane be configured |
Flaps up prop anchored, O2 off and separator closed |
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What mode should MFD be run in during night and IMC |
MFD in terrain mode |
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What rate of descents should be planned |
1500-3000 fpm |
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Max tailwind component |
10kts |
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When parked for more than 1 hour how should the plane be configured |
Flaps up prop anchored, O2 off and separator closed |
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What mode should MFD be run in during night and IMC |
MFD in terrain mode |
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What rate of descents should be planned |
1500-3000 fpm |
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What should be monitored on the number 2 radio |
Company except for getting ATIS ect |
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Max tailwind component |
10kts |
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When parked for more than 1 hour how should the plane be configured |
Flaps up prop anchored, O2 off and separator closed |
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What mode should MFD be run in during night and IMC |
MFD in terrain mode |
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What rate of descents should be planned |
1500-3000 fpm |
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What should be monitored on the number 2 radio |
Company except for getting ATIS ect |
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Do part 91 ferry flights count toward crew times |
You can over fly 91 flights as crew but must include flight to the required rest before flying 135 again |
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What are the alt limits for KFC325 autopilot |
1000 agl 200 agl for precision approach with working radar altimeter |
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What are the alt limits for KFC325 autopilot |
1000 agl 200 agl for precision approach with working radar altimeter |
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What visual reff do you need to land when circling |
The airport to continue after MAP |
