Pbot111Lec: Stems Part 2

Front 1

Enumerate the 8 external structures of the stem.

Back 1

Node

Internode

Petiole

Buds

Leaf scar

Bundle scar

Lenticels

Stipules

Front 2

It is also known as the leaf stalk which attaches the leaf to the stem

Back 2

Petiole

Front 3

These occur in the angle between the petiole and stem and it is an underdeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of the stem

Back 3

Buds

Front 4

Three classifications of buds?

Back 4

Based on location or position on the stem

Based on the presence of protective covering

Based on the structure which developed from the bud

Front 5

The scar left by a fallen leaf

Back 5

Leaf scar

Front 6

The scar that marks the location of the water conducting tissues located within the leaf scars

Back 6

Bundle scar

Front 7

Dark spots or elevations that allow gas exchange in the stem

Back 7

Lenticels

Front 8

Paired leaf-like appendages at the base of the petiole

Back 8

Stipules

Front 9

Buds based on location/position on the stem?

Back 9

Terminal bud

Axillary bud

Accessory bud

Adventitious bud

Front 10

They are also known as apical bud

Back 10

Terminal bud

Front 11

This bud is present at the tip of each twig.

Back 11

Terminal bud

Front 12

It is also known as lateral bud

Back 12

Axillary bud

Front 13

It’s the bud located in the axil

Back 13

Axillary bud

Front 14

The angle between a branch or a leaf

Back 14

Axil

Front 15

Secondary buds formed aside from the principal bud

Back 15

Accessory bud

Front 16

Two types of accessory buds

Back 16

Collateral bud

Superposed bud

Front 17

These buds are lateral or sideward or beside axillary buds

Back 17

Collateral buds

Front 18

These buds are located above the axillary bud

Back 18

Superposed bud

Front 19

Type of bud that can occur elsewhere

Back 19

Adventitious bud

Front 20

Buds based on the presence of protective coverings?

Back 20

Scaly or covered

Hairy

Naked

Front 21

Scales cover and protect embryonic parts

Back 21

Scaly or covered

Front 22

Protected by hairs

Back 22

Hairy

Front 23

When not covered by scales or hairs.

Back 23

Naked

Front 24

Witch hazel

Back 24

Hamamelis virginiana

Front 25

Lemon

Back 25

Citrus limon

Front 26

Rose

Back 26

Rosa rubiginosa

Front 27

Pomelo

Back 27

Citrus grandis

Front 28

Calamansi

Back 28

Citrus microcarpa

Front 29

Buds based on the structures which develop from the buds?

Back 29

Spines and thorns

Cladophylls

Phyllocades

Front 30

Buds that are modified into hard, straight, pointed structures

Back 30

Spines and thorns

Front 31

These buds are leaf-like stems (each of them is a node) and they bear small scale like leaves with axillary buds

Back 31

Cladophylls

Front 32

Asparagus

Back 32

Asparagus officinalis

Front 33

These buds are generally found in plants whose leaves are very small. They modify into spines. They fall off early, then they take over the functions of the leaves, particularly, photosynthesis.

Back 33

Phyllocades

Front 34

Where are phyllocades commonly found?

Back 34

Deserts

Front 35

It is associated with young developing cells during differentiation. These tissues are not yet matured

Back 35

Primary meristematic tissues

Front 36

Three types of primary meristematic tissues

Back 36

Protoderm

Ground meristem

Provascular tissues

Front 37

They produce epidermal cells that are still young and meristematic

Back 37

Protoderm

Front 38

It can produce the equivalent stages of the pith and cortex

Back 38

Ground meristem

Front 39

They produce young cells of xylem and phloem

Back 39

Provascular tissues

Front 40

The outermost surface of herbaceous stem and a layer of parenchyma cells

Back 40

Epidermis

Front 41

A waxy substance that provides defense against pathogens like fungi or bacteria

Back 41

Cutin

Front 42

The epidermis consists of the two _____?

Back 42

Guard cells

Epidermal hair

Front 43

They have a stomatal pore which opens during daytime to permit the entrance of CO2

Back 43

Guard cells

Front 44

It is also known as epidermal hair

Back 44

Trichomes

Front 45

It makes it difficult for animals to land on, walk on, or chew on the leaves of the plant

Back 45

Epidermal hair

Front 46

The two regions derived from the ground meristem

Back 46

Cortex & Pith

Front 47

What is the cortex composed of?

Back 47

Photosynthetic parenchyma and sometimes collenchyma

Front 48

The innermost tissue region of the stem

Back 48

Vascular tissues

Front 49

Vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals

Back 49

Xylem

Front 50

Vascular tissue that distributes sugars and minerals

Back 50

Phloem

Front 51

Enumerate the Xylem conducting cells

Back 51

Tracheids

Vessel elements

Front 52

It refers to either tracheids or vessel elements

Back 52

Tracheary element

Front 53

It is the water transporting unit of plants

Back 53

Xylem conducting cells

Front 54

Enumerate Phloem’s conducting cells

Back 54

Sieve cells

Sieve tube member

Front 55

It refers to either sieve cell or sieve tube member

Back 55

Sieve element

Front 56

They are cells that help the Phloem distribute sugars and minerals

Back 56

Phloem conducting cells