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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is attachment |
A psychological connectedness between two human beings |
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Describe the behavioural theory for attachment |
An attachment is a result of purely feeding. The food is the ucs and the baby being fed is the ucr. To begin with the mother is the Ns as she alone doesn’t satisfy the baby. After multiple pairings of the two stimuli the baby learns that the mother brings the food and so she becomes the cs. Finally the baby feels happy when in the presence of just the mother which is the cr. |
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Explain Lorenz contributions |
Explored the process of imprinting. This is the instinctive process of forming an attachment. It occurs during the critical period and isn’t a result of feeding. |
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Explain Harlow contributions |
Explored how monkeys preferred contact comfort when in danger compared to the mash cylinders. |
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Explain the monotropic theory |
Bowlby believed that there must be a monotropic bond which is a strong bond with one caregiver which usually is the mother. This process is biological as it is adaptive. It promotes the survival of genes. This bond must be formed within the critical period (2.5 years) or there will be long term effects. The more time spent with the mother the better, each separation builds up which can effect the child later. Babies have been programmed with a set of social releases such as cooing sounds which adults find cute and therefore promotes the need to look after the baby. The relationship with the mother creates an internal working model which is a mental framework of expectations of future relationships (the continuity hypothesis) |
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Bowlby and ainsworth developmental phrases |
Phase 1 - pre attachment - birth to 6 weeks - Cuddling and crying directed at anyone Phase 2 - attachment in the making - 6weeks to 6/8 months - discrimates between familiar faces and sounds compared to unfamiliar Phase 3 - clear cut attachment - 6/8 months to 18 months/ 2 years - evident an attachment has been made to the familiar face, separation anxiety occurs |
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Explain the strange situation |
100 American mothers and their infants were assessed on 5 categories using a two way mirror. The categories were proximity seeking, reunion behaviour, exploration, separation and stranger anxiety. There was 8 steps that lasted 3 minutes. The mother and infant were introduced to a room. They were left alone so the child could investigate. A stranger walks in and talks to the mother, they then gradually approach the child with a toy. The mother leaves and the stranger interacts with the infant. The stranger leaves. The child is left alone. The stranger returns to comfort the child. The mother returns to comfort the child and the stranger leaves inconspicuously. |
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Explain the attachment q sort |
Devised by Waters et. Al and consists of 100 items that represent 7 constructs of attachment based on attachment behaviour. The mother observers the child in their own home for a set period. Characteristics of the child from least to most are then categorised. The child is compared to a securely attached typical baby. They are scored 1+ or 1- |
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Explain temperament and chess et al contribution |
Temperament is the aspect of your personality that is innate. Chess et. Al identified three types; easy (40%) - easy to adjust to new situations and adapt to change. Slow to warm up (15%) they are slow to warm up to new situations. Difficult (10%) they’re difficult to adjust in new situations. |
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Explain Schaffer and Emerson’s contributions to fatherhood |
Showed that 3% of infants aged 6-8 months were solely attached to their father and in 27% of cases jointly attached which cast some doubt on aspects of bowlbys theory |
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Give ainsworths approach to emotional regulation |
Secure: They can express their want for comfort and protection directly and freely Avoidant: They restrict their emotional responses for their attachment needs. Resistant: they exaggerated their emotional expression for their attachment needs. |
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Explain crittedens approach to emotional regulation |
secure: strikes an appropriate balance which integrates both cognitive and affective information Avoidant: Reliance on cognitive information and excludes affective information. Resistant: reliance on affective information and excludes cognitive information. |
