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95 Cards in this Set
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Surgical exploration of the abdomen of the horse should include a check for intussusception of the
ileum into the cecum. The ileum may be easily identified by locating which of the following? (A) Antimesenteric ileal artery along the length of the ileum (B) Entrance of the ileum into the right side of the base of the cecum (C) Ileocecal fold that is attached to it (D) Right abdominal gutter (E) Small-diameter intestinal segment that has a single band |
(C) ileocecal fold is attached to it
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In the horse, damage to the suprascapular nerve results in the condition called sweeny, which is
atrophy of which of the following muscles? (A) Brachialis and supraspinatus muscles (B) Brachialis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus muscles (C) Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles (D) Triceps and infraspinatus muscles (E) Triceps and supraspinatus muscles |
(C) Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
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In cattle, pericarditis may be caused by a sharp object penetrating the diaphragm. The object is
most commonly located in which of the following organs? (A) Duodenum (B) Abomasum (C) Omasum (D) Reticulum (E) Rumen |
(D) Reticulum
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Which of the following features characterizes the kidneys of an adult cow?
(A) The left kidney is attached to the liver (B) The left kidney is more caudally located than the right kidney (C) The right kidney can be palpated rectally (D) They are of the unipyramidal type (E) They have smooth surfaces |
(B) The left kidney is more caudally located than the right kidney
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Which of the following best describes the composition of the musculature of the canine
esophagus? (A) 2/3 smooth muscle & 1/3 striated muscle (B) 1/2 striated & 1/2 smooth muscle (C) 2/3 striated muscle & 1/3 smooth muscle (D) Almost entirely striated muscle (E) Almost entirely smooth muscle |
(D) Almost entirely striated muscle
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Which stage of the canine estrous cycle is indicated by nonnucleated epithelial cells in a vaginal
smear? (A) Late diestrus (B) Late estrus (C) Early diestrus (D) Early proestrus (E) Anestrus |
(B) Late estrus
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When using hand processing chemical tanks to develop radiographic film, which of the following is the order in which the chemicals should be used:
(A) Developer, water bath, fixer, water bath (B) Fixer, water bath, developer, water bath (C) Water bath, developer, water bath, fixer (D) Water bath, fixer, water bath, developer |
(A) Developer, water bath, fixer, water bath
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A radiographic film appears brownish yellow. Which of the following procedures was not performed properly?
(A) Developing (B) Drying (C) Fixing (D) Washing |
(C) Fixing
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Which of the following changes occurs as a result of metabolic acidosis?
(A) Oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve shifts to the left (B) Plasma becomes hypotonic (C) Plasma ionized calcium concentration increases (D) Serum glucose concentration increases (E) Serum potassium concentrations decreases |
(C) Plasma ionized calcium concentration increases
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Gastrin decreases which of the following:
(A) Gastric pH (B) Ileocecal sphincter pressure (C) Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (D) Pepsinogen secretion (E) Pyloric sphincter pressure |
(A) Gastric pH
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Volatile fatty acids (VFA) provide what percentage of energy for the dairy cow?
(A) 20% (B) 40% (C) 50% (D) 60% (E) 80% |
(E) 80%
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In the ketoacidosis of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, which one of the following findings is most
likely? (A) Arterial blood pH = 7.7 (B) Neuromuscular hyperirritability causing fasiculations and convulsions (C) Plasma osmolarity = 260 mosmol/L (D) Plasma potassium concentration = 1.7 mEq/L (E) Arterial blood pCO2 = 30 mm Hg |
(E) Arterial blood pCO2 = 30 mm Hg
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Parasympathetic activity decreases mean arterial pressure by which of the following mechanisms?
(A) Decreased heart rate (B) Decreased muscle tone (C) Decreased stroke volume (D) Decreased ventricular contractility (E) Dilation of arterioles |
(A) Decreased heart rate
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In the healthy animal, decreasing which of the following also decreases blood flow?
(A) Arteriolar radius (B) Length of the vessel (C) Number of circulating red blood cells (D) Plasma protein concentration (E) Surface area of the vessel |
(A) Arteriolar radius
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During exercise, which of the following physiologic parameters would be expected to decrease compared with the resting state?
(A) Cardiac output (B) Plasma [glucagon] (C) Stroke volume (D) Ventricular end-systolic volume |
(D) Ventricular end-systolic volume
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Which of the following is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism associated with
hypoadrenocorticism? (A) Combined deficiencies of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids (B) Decreased glomerular filtration rate (C) Depletion of extracellular fluid volume (D) Increased serum calcium concentration (E) Impaired renal excretion of potassium and conservation of sodium |
(A) Combined deficiencies of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
(Addison's = decreased cortisol) |
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The main ingredients in diets of caged birds are seeds. Which two vitamins are most likely to be
deficient in seed diets? (A) Vitamins E and K (B) Vitamins A and D (C) Vitamins A and K (D) Vitamins A and B (E) Vitamins D and E |
(B) Vitamins A and D
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Which of the following best describes the actions of thromboxanes and prostacyclin?
(A) Anabolic (B) Antagonistic (C) Inhibitory (D) Synergistic (E) Unrelated |
(B) Antagonistic
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Which of the following is more likely to occur with use of an extended-spectrum antimicrobial drug than with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drug?
(A) Drug fever (B) Drug interactions (C) Hypersensitivity reactions (D) Release of bacterial endotoxins (E) Superinfection |
(E) Superinfection
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In comparison to morphine, codeine is:
(A) more addictive (B) more potent (C) a stronger respiratory depressant (D) more useful as an antitussive (E) an opiate antagonist, whereas morphine is an agonist |
(D) more useful as an antitussive
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Which of the following is an adsorbent commonly given orally as an antidote in the treatment of a wide variety of poisonings in animals?
(A) Activated charcoal (B) Tannic acid (C) Zinc oxide (D) Poloxalene (E) Copper sulfate |
(A) Activated charcoal
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Which of the following is the drug of choice for treatment of sinus bradycardia?
(A) Atropine (B) Propranolol (C) Quinidine (D) Phenylephrine (E) Methacholine |
(A) Atropine
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Which of the following parasitic genera acquires protection from adverse pasture conditions by
inhibiting its larval development in the abomasal wall of cattle? (A) Haemonchus (B) Trichostrongylus (C) Ostertagia (D) Fasiciola (E) Oesophagostomum |
(C) Ostertagia
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Which of the following arthropods is the intermediate host of the subcutaneous filarid of dogs:
(A) Ctenocephalides (B) Stomoxys (C) Culex (D) Rhipicephalus (E) Tabanus |
(A) Ctenocephalides
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Which of the following diseases is not considered an exotic disease in North America?
(A) African swine fever (B) Foot-and-mouth disease (C) Rinderpest (D) Swine vesicular disease (E) Vesicular stomatitis |
(E) Vesicular stomatitis
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Which of the following processes occurs first during acute inflammation?
(A) Degranulation of leukocytes with release of kinins (B) Increased permeability of capillaries and postcapillary venules (C) Margination of leukocytes in vessels associated with the area of injury (D) Polymerization of fibrin from fibrinogen (E) Transformation of monocytes into macrophages that synthesize and release cytokines |
(B) Increased permeability of capillaries and postcapillary venules
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A 2-month-old Arabian foal has had recurrent respiratory infections, and combined
immunodeficiency disease (SCID) is suspected. To support this diagnosis, each of the following should be evaluated EXCEPT (A) complement C3 concentration (B) immunoglobulin concentration (C) lymphocyte count (D) splenic tissue (E) thymic tissue |
(A) complement C3 concentration
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Which of the following terms most appropriately describes the effects of saprophytic bacteria on necrotic tissue?
(A) Abscesses (B) Coagulation (C) Gangrene (D) Granulomas (E) Infarcts |
(C) Gangrene
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A kidney has a well-demarcated, wedge-shaped, pale tan lesion. Histologic examination of the
lesion shows increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia, karyolysis, and intact tissue architecture. This lesion is most consistent with which of the following types of necrosis? (A) Caseous (B) Coagulative (C) Fibrinoid (D) Liquefactive (E) Zenker's |
(B) Coagulative - firm, retains architecture, dense compared to surrounding tissue
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Which of the following terms best describes a neoplasm that induces abundant collagenous stroma?
(A) Anaplastic (B) Desmoplastic (C) Dysplastic (D) Hyperplastic (E) Metaplastic |
(B) Desmoplastic
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Which of the following cell types is LEAST able to regenerate?
(A) Centrolobular hepatocytes (B) Cerebral neurons (C) Colonic epithelium (D) Subcutaneous fibroblasts (E) Vascular endothelium |
(B) Cerebral neurons - neurons are non-regenerative
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Which of the following is the most likely cause of decreased mean corpuscular Hb
concentration (MCHC)? (A) In vitro hemolysis (B) Iron deficiency (C) Lipemia (D) Spherocytosis |
(B) Iron deficiency
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Which of the following is the most likely finding on a leukogram from a cow with a large chronic
abscess? (A) Monocytosis with left shift and toxic change (B) Neutropenia and eosinopenia (C) Neutropenia and monocytosis (D) Neutropenia with left shift and toxic change (E) Neutrophilia and monocytosis |
(E) Neutrophilia and monocytosis
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Which of the following is the most common cause of myoglobinuria as a herd problem in cattle?
(A) Oak (Quercus) toxicity (B) Coffeeweed (Sesbania) toxicity (C) Blackleg (D) Tetanus (E) Milk fever |
(A) Oak (Quercus) toxicity
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Which of the following is the most common cause of maxillary sinusitis in the horse?
(A) Bacterial lower respiratory tract disease extending into the sinus (B) Infection and abscessation of a tooth root extending into the sinus (C) Inhaled foreign bodies lodging in the sinus (D) Puncture wounds extending into the maxillary sinus |
(B) Infection and abscessation of a tooth root extending into the sinus
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An African gray parrot that is presented for necropsy is suspected to have psittacosis. Which of the following findings is most likely to confirm the diagnosis?
(A) Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly on gross examination (B) Identification of the causative organism by Gram's stain (C) Isolation and identification of Chlamydia psittaci (D) Presence of acid-fast organisms in the liver |
(C) Isolation and identification of Chlamydia psittaci
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A 5-year-old Holstein cow is being evaluated because of inappetence. On auscultation, there is pinging over the left ninth and 10th intercostal spaces, on a line between the tuber coxae and the elbow. On paracentesis immediately ventral to the pinging area, there are a few drops of green fluid with a pH of 6.0. Which of the following is the most likely source of the fluid?
(A) Abomasum (B) Cecum (C) Omasum (D) Rumen (E) Spiral colon |
(D) Rumen
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A 3-month-old puppy is being evaluated because of weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and steatorrhea. Direct microscopic examination of saline smears of the extremely watery feces shows motile piriform trophozoites. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?
(A) Dichlorvos (B) Ivermectin (C) Metronidazole (D) Praziquantel (E) Trimethoprim-sulfonamide |
(C) Metronidazole
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Infection of pregnant cows with bovine viral diarrhea virus may cause which of the following neurologic abnormalities in the newborn calf?
(A) Anencephaly (B) Cerebellar hypoplasia (C) Hydranencephaly (D) Hydrocephalus (E) Syringomyelia |
(B) Cerebellar hypoplasia
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A 9-year-old male Boston Terrier dog is found to have a 5-cm mass in the left inguinal area lateral to the prepuce. Cytologic examination of a fine-needle aspirate shows numerous round, discrete cells with reddish purple granules. The left inguinal lymph node is also enlarged. Similar cells are seen in the lymph node and in a blood smear. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
(A) Administration of cisplatin and aluminum hydroxide (B) Administration of levamisole and aspirin (C) Administration of prednisone and cimetidine (D) Conventional surgical removal of the mass (E) Cryosurgical removal of the mass |
(C) Administration of prednisone and cimetidine
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An acute outbreak of vomiting and diarrhea in a litter of 1-week-old piglets is characterized by a high morbidity and a high mortality rate. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
(A) Clostridium perfringens type C infection (B) Colibacillosis (C) Rotavirus infection (D) Transmissible gastroenteritis (E) Vomiting and wasting disease |
(D) TGE
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Which of the following abnormal cardiac rhythms is most frequently seen in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus?
(A) Atrial premature complexes (B) Junctional escape beats (C) Second-degree atrioventricular block (D) Sinus bradycardia (E) Ventricular premature complexes |
(E) Ventricular premature complexes
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A goat has a sudden onset of clinical signs of blindness, depression, head pressing, and anorexia that progress to recumbency with opisthotonos and nystagmus. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Bacterial meningitis (B) Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (C) Listeriosis (D) Polioencephalomalacia (E) Scrapie |
(D) Polioencephalomalacia
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A 3-year-old gelding is being evaluated because of mild distress and food reflux from both nostrils. Rectal temperature is 100.2 F (37.9 C), pulse rate is 42/min, and respiratory rate is 12 breaths/min. Gastrointestinal borborygmi are present on examination. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Cleft palate (B) Esophageal obstruction (C) Retropharyngeal abscess (D) Ruptured stomach (E) Small intestinal volvulus |
(B) Esophageal obstruction
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A 2-year-old cat has a two-day history of anorexia and vomiting. Abdominal radiographs show that the intestines appear bunched up in accordionlike pleats. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
(A) Intestinal adenocarcinoma (B) Intestinal lymphosarcoma (C) Intestinal parasites (D) Intussusception (E) A string foreign body |
(E) A string foreign body
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Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy for swine dysentery?
(A) Lincomycin (B) Penicillin (C) Sulfathiazole (D) Tetracycline (E) Tilmicosin |
(A) Lincomycin
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A 4-year-old intact female Maltese dog has anorexia, fever, severe trembling, and stiffness of the limbs three weeks post partum. Which of the following is the most appropriate emergency therapy?
(A) Intramuscular calcium chloride (B) Intravenous calcium gluconate (C) Intravenous dexamethasone (D) Intravenous 50% glucose (E) Oral calcium lactate |
(B) Intravenous calcium gluconate
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A foal is weak and lethargic 48 hours after birth. The foal was normal at birth and began suckling vigorously at 1 hour of age. The dam's last two foals died at 3 and 4 days of age, respectively. Examination show icteric mucous membranes. Laboratory studies show hemoglobinuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Acute hepatic necrosis (B) Equine infectious anemia (C) Equine viral arteritis (D) Iron deficiency anemia (E) Neonatal isoerythrolysis |
(E) Neonatal isoerythrolysis
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A 5-year-old Quarter horse stallion collapses suddenly and lies covered with sweat in lateral recumbency. When the horse attempts to stand, it exhibits generalized muscle fasciculations, prolapse of the third eyelid, inspiratory stridor, and loose feces. The episode lasts for 25 minutes and then resolves without treatment. The horse appears normal 15 minutes thereafter. Which of the following is the most important question to ask the owner?
(A) Does the horse have a history of laminitis? (B) Has the horse been receiving calcium supplementation? (C) Has the barn had a recent outbreak of respiratory disease? (D) What is the bloodline of the horse? (E) What is the vaccination history of the horse? |
(D) What is the bloodline of the horse?
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A 10-year-old spayed female cat is being evaluated because of weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, and restlessness. Cardiac arrhythmias are noted on auscultation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Chronic pancreatic insufficiency (B) Chronic renal disease (C) Congestive cardiomyopathy (D) Diabetes mellitus (E) Hyperthyroidism |
(E) Hyperthyroidism
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A 4-month-old male Labrador Retriever has had watery diarrhea and vomiting for the past two days. The puppy is anorectic. On abdominal palpation, there is a cylindrical mass in the midabdomen. Radiographs show a midabdominal mass and many dilated loops of bowel. Which of the following is the most appropriate next diagnostic test?
(A) Barium enema (B) Laparoscopy (C) Laparotomy (D) Pneumocolon (E) Upper gastrointestinal series |
(C) Laparotomy
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Which of the following subpopulations is at greatest risk for developing clinical toxocariasis?
(A) Children with a history of pica (B) Dog trainers (C) Persons whose occupations require working under houses (D) Persons with a recent history of swimming in farm ponds (E) Slaughterhouse workers |
(A) Children with a history of pica
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A large commercial layer flock in southern California experiences a sudden increase in mortality and an abrupt decrease in egg production. The affected birds are cyanotic and have dyspnea and violent diarrhea. A few of the birds have conjunctivitis or pronounced nervous signs. Postmortem examination of sample birds shows marked tracheitis, acute airsacculitis, serosal hemorrhages, and prominent hemorrhages along the gastrointestinal tract, primarily involving lymphoid tissue. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
(A) Inform the owner that the outbreak will subside spontaneously (B) Prepare to vaccinate other flocks in the immediate area for infectious laryngotracheitis (C) Report the disease outbreak to the state/provincial veterinarian immediately (D) Treat the birds with a broad-spectrum antibiotic in the drinking water (E) Withdraw feed immediately and replace with new feed |
(C) Report the disease outbreak to the state/provincial veterinarian immediately
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Which of the following agents produces methemoglobinemia and Heinz body anemia in cats?
(A) Acetaminophen (B) Aspirin (C) Calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (D) Ethylene glycol (E) Lead |
(A) Acetaminophen
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A 2-year-old cat has a two-day history of anorexia and vomiting. Abdominal radiographs show that the intestines appear bunched up in accordionlike pleats. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
(A) Intestinal adenocarcinoma (B) Intestinal lymphosarcoma (C) Intestinal parasites (D) Intussusception (E) A string foreign body |
(E) A string foreign body
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Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy for swine dysentery?
(A) Lincomycin (B) Penicillin (C) Sulfathiazole (D) Tetracycline (E) Tilmicosin |
(A) Lincomycin
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A 4-year-old intact female Maltese dog has anorexia, fever, severe trembling, and stiffness of the limbs three weeks post partum. Which of the following is the most appropriate emergency therapy?
(A) Intramuscular calcium chloride (B) Intravenous calcium gluconate (C) Intravenous dexamethasone (D) Intravenous 50% glucose (E) Oral calcium lactate |
(B) Intravenous calcium gluconate
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A foal is weak and lethargic 48 hours after birth. The foal was normal at birth and began suckling vigorously at 1 hour of age. The dam's last two foals died at 3 and 4 days of age, respectively. Examination show icteric mucous membranes. Laboratory studies show hemoglobinuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Acute hepatic necrosis (B) Equine infectious anemia (C) Equine viral arteritis (D) Iron deficiency anemia (E) Neonatal isoerythrolysis |
(E) Neonatal isoerythrolysis
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A 5-year-old Quarter horse stallion collapses suddenly and lies covered with sweat in lateral recumbency. When the horse attempts to stand, it exhibits generalized muscle fasciculations, prolapse of the third eyelid, inspiratory stridor, and loose feces. The episode lasts for 25 minutes and then resolves without treatment. The horse appears normal 15 minutes thereafter. Which of the following is the most important question to ask the owner?
(A) Does the horse have a history of laminitis? (B) Has the horse been receiving calcium supplementation? (C) Has the barn had a recent outbreak of respiratory disease? (D) What is the bloodline of the horse? (E) What is the vaccination history of the horse? |
(D) What is the bloodline of the horse?
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Which of the following parasites is most likely to be a source of prenatally acquired infection in pups?
(A) Ancylostoma caninum (B) Strongyloides stercoralis (C) Toxocara canis (D) Trichuris vulpis (E) Uncinaria stenocephala |
(C) Toxocara canis
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In a cow at 35 days' gestation, elective abortion is most likely to succeed with administration of which of the following?
(A) Dexamethasone (B) Isoxsuprine hydrochloride (C) Oxytocin (D) Progesterone (E) Prostaglandin F2alpha |
(E) Prostaglandin F2alpha
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A 5-month-old boar that is fast-growing and heavily muscled is being evaluated because of progressive bilateral lameness of the front legs. None of the other animals on the farm is affected. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?
(A) Biotin deficiency (B) Osteochondrosis (C) Porcine stress syndrome (D) Rickets (E) Wobbler syndrome |
(B) Osteochondrosis
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A 10-week-old female German Shepherd dog is being evaluated because of chronic tearing of the left eye. Examination shows an island of hair growing in the temporal portion of the left cornea, extending from the conjunctiva. The anterior segment is clear, with no apparent abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Dermoid (B) Ectopic cilia (C) Pannus (D) Pigmentary keratitis (E) Trichiasis |
(A) Dermoid
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A 3-month-old Appaloosa foal is being evaluated because of pyrexia, cough, and nasal discharge. The foal and its mother are housed in a dry lot with three other mares and their foals. Clinical examination of the foal shows increased respiratory rate and increased bronchovesicular sounds. Laboratory studies show leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Radiographs show a prominent alveolar pattern characterized by ill-defined regional consolidation. The most likely cause of these signs is infection with which of the following?
(A) Equine influenza virus (B) Equine rhinopneumonitis virus (C) Parascaris equorum (D) Pneumocystis carinii (E) Rhodococcus equi |
(E) Rhodococcus equi
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An otherwise healthy 9-year-old male Terrier dog with constipation is found to have a symmetrically enlarged prostate gland. On physical examination, palpation of the prostate gland does not produce pain; it is twice the normal size and movable within the pelvic canal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Acute prostatitis (B) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (C) Prostatic abscess (D) Prostatic adenocarcinoma (E) Prostatic cyst |
(B) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
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A 2-year-old intact male domestic shorthaired cat is being evaluated because of lethargy. The cat has a fever. Laboratory studies show anemia. Microscopic examination of stained blood films shows dark-staining, round- to rod-shaped, nonrefractile bodies on the surfaces of numerous red blood cells. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy?
(A) Doxycycline (B) Griseofulvin (C) Penicillin (D) Trimethoprim-sulfonamide (E) Vincristine |
(A) Doxycycline
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A 14-year-old Poodle is being evaluated because of polyuria and polydipsia. Physical examination of the dog shows symmetric alopecia, comedones, and a pot-bellied appearance. Hepatomegaly is also noted on examination. Which of the following tests is most appropriate to confirm the presumptive diagnosis?
(A) Determination of serum calcium concentration (B) Determination of serum glucose concentration (C) Determination of serum thyroxine (T4) concentration (D) Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (E) Water deprivation test |
(D) LDDS test
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A 6-month-old kitten is being evaluated because of intense scratching around the ears and frequent shaking of the head. Examination shows bilateral, circumaural, cutaneous excoriations and thick reddish brown crusts in the external ear canals. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnostic test?
(A) Bacterial culture of aural exudate (B) Fungal culture of aural exudate (C) Microscopic examination of aural exudate (D) Microscopic examination of deep scrapings of cutaneous lesions (E) Wood's light examination |
(C) Microscopic examination of aural exudate
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A 5-year-old dog is found to have isosthenuria and moderate azotemia. Which of the following concomitant findings is the most reliable indicator that the dog has chronic renal failure?
(A) Hyperkalemia (B) Hyperphosphatemia (C) Hypocalcemia (D) Hypoglycemia (E) Nonregenerative anemia |
(E) Nonregenerative anemia
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A 6-year-old neutered male cat was treated for a urethral obstruction three days ago but continues to have a full bladder that can be easily expressed. Which of the following drugs is most likely to help treat this cat's problem?
(A) Bethanechol (B) Ephedrine (C) Phenoxybenzamine (D) Phenylpropanolamine (E) Propantheline |
(A) Bethanechol
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A horse is being reevaluated six days after initial treatment of a minor corneal lesion. Reexamination of the affected eye shows photophobia, lacrimation, blepharospasm, corneal edema, and a yellowish white stromal infiltrate in the cornea. Vital dye does not stain the cornea. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Corneal scar (B) Corneal stromal abscess (C) Deep corneal ulceration (D) Primary lipid keratopathy (E) Superficial corneal ulceration |
(B) Corneal stromal abscess
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A 6-month-old kitten has several rapidly expanding circular patches of alopecia. The owner's daughter has developed a lesion on her hand. Wood's light examination shows no fluorescence. Which of the following is the most appropriate next diagnostic test to perform on the kitten?
(A) Bacterial culture of hair from the lesions (B) Fungal culture of hair from the lesions (C) Fungal serology (D) Histopathologic and cytologic examination of biopsy specimens of the lesions (E) Microscopic examination of deep skin scrapings from the lesions |
(B) Fungal culture of hair from the lesions
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An iguana is reluctant to move and refuses to eat anything except lettuce and an occasional mealworm. Radiographs show multiple fractures and thin cortices in the bones. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the fractures?
(A) Hyperparathyroidism (B) Hypervitaminosis D (C) Iodine deficiency (D) Vitamin A deficiency (E) Vitamin E deficiency |
(A) Hyperparathyroidism
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A mature lactating dairy cow is being examined because of a sudden onset of anorexia, decreased milk production, decreased fecal production, and colic. On physical examination, the cow is dehydrated and alkalotic. There is an area of tympany, 15 cm in diameter, centered over the middle of the right 12th rib. On rectal examination, there is a tense structure in the right abdomen. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Cecal volvulus (B) Left abomasal displacement (C) Pneumoperitoneum due to a perforated abomasal ulcer (D) Right abomasal displacement without volvulus (E) Right abomasal volvulus |
(E) Right abomasal volvulus
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A peach-faced lovebird is bleeding profusely from a broken primary feather. Which of the following is the best means to stop the hemorrhage?
(A) Apply ferrous sulfate powder (B) Cauterize the feather with a silver nitrate stick (C) Cut off the feather at skin level and cauterize the cut with electrocautery (D) Pull out the broken feather and apply hemostasis to the follicle (E) Do nothing; the bleeding will gradually stop |
(D) Pull out the broken feather and apply hemostasis to the follicle
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A 3-week-old calf dies after a 10-day history of fever and bloody diarrhea. Which of the following tests is most likely to confirm a diagnosis of salmonellosis?
(A) Culture of the mesenteric lymph nodes (B) Fecal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (C) Fecal flotation (D) Fluorescent antibody testing of intestinal mucosa (E) Hepatic histopathologic analysis |
(A) Culture of the mesenteric lymph nodes
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A 6-month-old kitten is being evaluated because of abnormal curvature of the legs. Radiographs of the skeleton show multiple healing fractures and generalized osteopenia. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
(A) Disuse osteopenia (B) Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (C) Rickets (D) Scurvy (E) Toxic osteopenia |
(B) Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism
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A 5-year-old cat is being evaluated because of a sudden onset of paralysis of the rear legs. Femoral pulses are absent, and the rear legs are cold and painful. Spinal reflexes of the rear legs are absent. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Aberrant parasitic migration (B) Aortic thromboembolism (C) Fibrocartilaginous emboli (D) Intervertebral disk herniation (E) Trauma to the spinal cord |
(B) Aortic thromboembolism
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Which of the following is the preferred site for intravenous injection in mature swine?
(A) Anterior cephalic vein (B) Dorsal auricular vein (C) Femoral vein (D) Jugular vein (E) Lateral thoracic vein |
(B) Dorsal auricular vein
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Which of the following is the most likely cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in an adult cat?
(A) Hyperthyroidism (B) Neoplasia (C) Pulmonary fibrosis (D) Taurine deficiency (E) Toxoplasmosis |
(D) Taurine deficiency
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A 100-cow dairy herd is being evaluated because of a 10% average decrease in daily milk production, a 60% incidence of loose stools, and a high incidence of reddened coronary bands and rear-leg shifting lameness. Two milking cows have died of unknown causes in the past two weeks. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Bovine virus diarrhea (B) Dietary protein deficiency with associated decrease in milk production (C) Hairy heel warts (D) Laminitis secondary to ruminal acidosis (E) Salmonellosis |
(D) Laminitis secondary to ruminal acidosis
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A 2-year-old Quarter horse is being evaluated because of pyrexia, anorexia, and depression. Clinical examination shows a bilateral nasal discharge and retropharyngeal swelling. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Esophageal obstruction (B) Equine influenza (C) Equine viral rhinopneumonitis (D) Guttural pouch mycosis (E) Strangles |
(E) Strangles
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One hour after being vaccinated, a puppy develops sudden swelling and pruritus of the lips, eyelids, and nose. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these signs?
(A) Arthus reaction (B) Cell-mediated hypersensitivity (C) Cytotoxic hypersensitivity (D) Immediate hypersensitivity (E) Immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity |
(D) Immediate hypersensitivity
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Which of the following is the most likely cause of hemorrhagic enteritis affecting the small intestines of suckling pigs?
(A) Clostridium perfringens type C (B) Isospora suis (C) Rotavirus (D) Salmonella choleraesuis (E) Serpulina hyodysenteriae |
(A) Clostridium perfringens type C
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Which of the following is the most likely cause of generalized polymyopathy secondary to chronic renal failure in cats?
(A) Hypochloridemia (B) Hypokalemia (C) Hypomagnesemia (D) Hyponatremia (E) Hypophosphatemia |
(B) Hypokalemia
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A group of 2-week-old dairy calves develop watery diarrhea that is unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. A fecal sample contains round 2- to 4-æm bodies that are acid-fast-positive. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
(A) Cryptosporidium spp (B) Escherichia coli O157:H7 (C) Mycobacterium spp (D) Nocardia spp (E) Salmonella spp |
(A) Cryptosporidium spp
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After the initial estrous cycle, a 6-month-old cat has firm enlargement of all mammary glands. Mammary gland hyperplasia is suspected. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?
(A) Bilateral radical mastectomy (B) Estradiol cypionate therapy (C) Furosemide therapy (D) Megestrol acetate therapy (E) Ovariohysterectomy |
(E) Ovariohysterectomy
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. An adult female rabbit has a sudden onset of paralysis of the hindquarters and urinary incontinence. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Idiopathic demyelination (B) Metastatic uterine adenocarcinoma (C) Mycotoxicosis (D) Saddle thrombus (E) Spinal injury from inappropriate handling |
(E) Spinal injury from inappropriate handling
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A 550-lb (249.2-kg) steer is standing alone and shifting its weight from one rear leg to the other. Physical examination shows spasms in the perineal area. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnostic test?
(A) Analysis of fibrinogen (B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration (C) Insertion of a urinary catheter (D) Leukogram (E) Rectal palpation |
(B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration
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Removal of a midjejunal foreign body from a cat requires partial intestinal resection. Which of the following anastomotic techniques is most likely to provide both secure closure and the largest luminal diameter?
(A) Double-layer appositional (B) Double-layer everting (C) Double-layer inverting (D) Single-layer appositional (E) Single-layer inverting |
(D) Single-layer appositional
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An otherwise healthy 8-year-old Great Dane dog has become acutely lame. Radiographs of the affected limb show lysis in the distal radial metaphysis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Bacterial osteomyelitis (B) Eosinophilic panosteitis (C) Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (D) Osteochondrosis (E) Osteosarcoma |
(E) Osteosarcoma
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On physical examination, a 12-year-old male dog is found to have bilaterally symmetric alopecia, enlarged mammary glands, and a pendulous prepuce. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these findings?
(A) Adrenocortical adenoma (B) Anal sac adenocarcinoma (C) Pituitary adenoma of the pars distalis (D) Prostatic adenocarcinoma (E) Testicular Sertoli cell tumor |
(E) Testicular Sertoli cell tumor
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A 3-year-old Thoroughbred racehorse has a history of tiring early in a race and making a high-pitched noise when inspiring while running. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most likely to determine the cause?
(A) Cytologic examination of a transtracheal wash (B) Endoscopy of the larynx (C) Radiographs of the guttural pouches (D) Radiographs of the thorax (E) Sinus centesis |
(B) Endoscopy of the larynx
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A 6-year-old neutered male cat is being evaluated because of lethargy and depression. On cardiac examination, a grade III/VI murmur and a gallop rhythm are detected. Heart size appears normal on a radiograph. Which of the following tests will provide the most accurate cardiac anatomic information?
(A) Aortic angiography (B) Echocardiography (C) Electrocardiography (D) Pericardiography (E) Pulmonary angiography |
(B) Echocardiography
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A 7-year-old mare has had intermittent signs of moderately severe colic for the past 48 hours. Heart rate is 56 beats/min. Hydration, acid-base balance, and electrolyte parameters are near normal. On rectal examination, the left dorsal and ventral colon feels distended and is felt coursing in a dorsocranial direction. The spleen is displaced caudomedially. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
(A) Cecocolic intussusception or cecal inversion (B) Displacement of the left colon over the nephrosplenic ligament (C) Ileocecal intussusception (D) Infarction of the large colon (E) Volvulus of the large colon and the cecum |
(B) Displacement of the left colon over the nephrosplenic ligament
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