Patient Care: Chapter 3

Front 1

What are the 2 systems of radiation measurement

Back 1

• British System (traditional)
• Systeme International (SI)

Front 2

The ___ is the international standard of ionization in air

Back 2

roentgen (R)

Front 3

To measure the amount of radiation absorbed (dose) the ___ was established (SI unit is Gray (Gy) and 1 rad = ____

Back 3

rad (radiation absorbed dose), 0.01Gy

Front 4

To measure the biological effects on humans, the ____ was established (1 rem= ___mrem or __mSv)

Back 4

Rem (roentgen equivalent man) , 1000, 10

Front 5

The Systeme International uses ___ in place of rem where 15v= ___msv= ___rem

Back 5

Sievert (sv), 1000, 100

Front 6

Ionizing radiation can affect cells by causing:

Back 6

• damage that may be repaired by the body
• damage that may be permanent causing a tumor or malignancy
• death of thr cell (insignificant unless the number of cells that dies is large)

Front 7

Radiation affects body cells according to (4):

Back 7

• Cell age (younger are more sensitive)
• differentiation (simple cells more sensitive)
• metabolic rate (high metabolism more sensitive)
• mitotic rate (rapid multiplying, more sensitive)

Front 8

Long term effects can be either

Back 8

Somatic or genetic

Front 9

3 principle methods to reduce exposure:

Back 9

• time
• distance
• shielding

Front 10

Personal monitoring device, commonly called a "film badge"

Back 10

Dosimeter

Front 11

Where should the dosimeter be worn?

Back 11

At collar level OUTSIDE of an apron (unless you have a "baby badge".)

Front 12

Types of dosimeters-

Back 12

TLD (thermoluminescent dosimeter) and OSL (optically stimulated luminescence)

Front 13

Estimated that _% of the US population receives an xray each year.

Back 13

65

Front 14

You have a _ and _obligation to be knowledgeable about radiation safety and to use this knowledge to avoid all unnecessary ___ ___ exposure to your patients, your co workers, and yourself.

Back 14

Legal, ethical, radiation exposute

Front 15

Radiographers are ___ from activities that would result in ___ ___ to the primary xray beam.

Back 15

Prohibited, direct exposure

Front 16

ALARA-

Back 16

As Low As Resonably Achievable

Front 17

Effective Dose limit-

Back 17

The upper limit of exposure for certain population groups

Front 18

The goal is to keep exposure rates ____ so that exposure is below the level at which adverse effects are likely to be observed.

Back 18

ALARA

Front 19

ALARA applies to _,_,_, and _.

Back 19

You, your co workers, your patients, and the general public

Front 20

ED for occupational exposed radiation workers is __ rem per year or ____ mrem or ___ mSv

Back 20

5, 5000, 50

Front 21

ED for the general public is ___ rem per year (__ mrem or __ mSv)

Back 21

0.5, 500, 5

Front 22

ED for pregnant radiation workers is ___ rem (___ mrem or__ mSv) in a __ month period and not to exceed ___ rem or __ mrem in any given ___

Back 22

0.5, 500, 5, 9, .05, 50, month

Front 23

**The ED amounts do NOT include exposure for ___ ____**

Back 23

Medical Treatment

Front 24

Amount of radiation exposure for: chest x-ray

Back 24

5-10 mrem

Front 25

Mammogram

Back 25

138 mrem

Front 26

CT scan

Back 26

2500 mrem

Front 27

Background radiation in US

Back 27

360 mrem

Front 28

BE

Back 28

200-700 mrem

Front 29

Other methods to reduce exposure

Back 29

• Filtration to absorb soft radiation
• collimation of primary beam
• limit repeat exposures
• use gonad shielding
• don't hold patients
• ask females of child bearing age about possibility of pregnancy

Front 30

Short term biological effects of exposure appear within ____

Back 30

A few months

Front 31

What is the term for radiation burn

Back 31

Erythema