Patient Assessment Test 1 Set 3

Front 1

Best way to check for early atherosclerosis?

Back 1

eye exam

Front 2

What to check in basic eye exam (6)

Back 2

1)visual acuity/fields
2)external exam
3)motility
4)pupils
5)fundiscopic exam
6)intraocular pressure

Front 3

Eyelash has 2 major parts and an infection of each causes what?

Back 3

1)sebaceous gland (STY)
2)tarsal gland (CHALZION)

Front 4

SCREENING test for visual acuity and medical term for normal vision

Back 4

pocket eye chart

emmetropia

Front 5

Eye abbreviations
a)right eye
b)left eye
c)both eyes

Back 5

a)OD
b)OL
c)OU

Front 6

Interpret 20/200 (normal is 20/20)

Back 6

you see at 20ft what normal person sees @ 400ft

Front 7

Visual Acuity testing in
a)newborns
b)3months-2yrs
c)2yrs until alphabet known

Back 7

a)can NOT be test, just see if they can focus on an object w/o sound
b)test for fixation and maintaining fixation
c)use picture chart

Front 8

Test for color blindness w/...

Back 8

ishihara plates

Front 9

Myopia
a)cause
b)other name
c)what will improve it?
d)how to treat

Back 9

a)long eye
b)nearsightedness
c)pinpoint (like looking thru small hole/squint)
d)(-) diopters

Front 10

Hyperopia
a)cause
b)other name
c)how to treat

Back 10

a)short eye
b)farsightedness
c)(+) diopters

Front 11

What is astigmatism

Back 11

non-spherical surface of cornea

Front 12

Presbyopia
a)what is cause
b)how to treat

Back 12

a)old age sighted
b)bifocals

Front 13

If a person loses L eye vision where is the lesions?

Back 13

lose L optic nerve before chiasm (SAME GOES WITH R EYE BLINDNESS)

Front 14

If a person loses lateral (outer) vision where is the lesion?

Back 14

bilateral hemiopia (optic chiasm)

Front 15

If a person loses LEFT LATERAL and RIGHT NASAL where is the lesion?

Back 15

R optic tract after chiasm

Front 16

If a person loses LEFT NASAL and RIGHT LATERAL where is the lesion?

Back 16

L optic tract after chiasm

Front 17

3 types of field of vision losses

Back 17

1)macular degenration
2)diabetic retinopathy
3)glaucoma vision

Front 18

Macular Degenration = what symptoms? (2)

Back 18

1)most common cause of blindness in elderly
2)lose central field of vision

Front 19

Diabetic retinopathy = what symptoms?

Back 19

blot/dot losses

Front 20

Glaucoma vision= what?

Back 20

lose peripheral vision

Front 21

Ptosis
a)symptoms?
b)pathophysiology (5)

Back 21

a)drooping of upper eyelid
b)advanced age, trauma, surgery, pregnancy, chronic lid swelling, allergy

Front 22

Extropion
a)what is it
b)treatment

Back 22

a)eyelid everts out
b)NOTHING

Front 23

Entropion
a)what is it
b)treatment

Back 23

a)eyelid inverts
b)correct w/ surgery

Front 24

Xanthelasma
a)what is it
b)cause

Back 24

a)lipid deposits
b)high cholesterol

Front 25

Exopthalmos
a)what is it
b)cause
c)how to tell if someone has it?

Back 25

a)very wide open eyes
b)hyperthyroidism
c)can see white b/w upper eyelid and top of pupil/iris

Front 26

Pterygium
a)what is it
b)other (2)

Back 26

a)encroachment of the conjunctiva
b)common in OK due to dust in the air
c)if the encroachment is over the eye; correct w/ surgery

Front 27

Pineguecula
a)what is it
b)will never....

Back 27

a)subepithelial deposit of hyaline and elastic tissue
b)grow across cornea

Front 28

Horner's Syndrome
a)symptoms
b)cause?

Back 28

a)ptosis, myosis, facial anhidrosis
b)disruption of SNS (usually by stroke/tumor)

Front 29

Bells Palsy
a)symptoms
b)cause
c)how to treat

Back 29

a)incomplete, not close eye on affected side
b)Bells Palsy/virus
c)prednisone, acyclovir

Front 30

Blepheritis
a)cause
b)treatment

Back 30

a)chronic infection of eyelash
b)hygeine is best treatment

Front 31

Viral Conjuctivitis
a)other name
b)symptoms (2)
c)treatment?

Back 31

a)pink eye
b)watery discharge, WILL START IN ONE EYE AND THEN MOVE TO THE OTHER
c)give Abx so kid can go back to school

Front 32

Bacterial Conjuctivitis
a)other name
b)symptoms (2)

Back 32

a)pinkeye
b)purlent discharge, STARTS IN BOTH EYES @ SAME TIME

Front 33

Allergic conjuctivitis symptoms

Back 33

pale color

Front 34

Keratoconjunctivitis
a)symptoms
c)treatment

Back 34

a)dry eyes especially in the elderly
b)theratears

Front 35

Epiphora
a)what is it
b)cause

Back 35

a)excessive tearing
b)environment cold, drainage obstruction

Front 36

Dacrocystitis
a)what is it
b)cause

Back 36

a)inflammtion/infexn of the lacrimal sac
b)obstruction of the nasolacrimal system

Front 37

Gonococcal conjuctivitis
a)what is it?
b)where seen?

Back 37

a)gunk all over the eyes
b)in 3-5 day olds

Front 38

Scleritis
a)what is it?
b)cause
c)other form

Back 38

a)looks like burst blood vessel
b)autoimmune/none
c)episcleritis (scleritis is deeper than epi)

Front 39

Periorbital cellulitis
a)involves...
b)what differentiates it from orbital
c)treatment

Back 39

a)area of skin of eyelid to bony area that encloses the eye
b)EASY TO MOVE EYE
c)Abx

Front 40

Orbital cellulitis
a)involves...
b)what differentiates it from periorbital
c)treatment

Back 40

a)eye/eye structures within the bony cavity of face
b)HARD TO MOVE EYE
c)admit pt to hospital and treat w/ IV Abx

Front 41

Subconjunctival hemmorrhage? (2)

Back 41

1)mostly caused by straining
2)burst blood vessel

Front 42

Eye motility memory helper thing

Back 42

LR6, SO4, all the rest 3
CN6 controls lateral rectus
CN4 controls superior oblique

Front 43

CN3 controls what eye movements (4)

Back 43

1)superior rectus
2)medial rectus
3)inferior rectus
4)inferior oblique

Front 44

Eye movement def
a)superior rectus
b)inferior oblique
c)lateral rectus
c)medial rectus
d)inferior rectus
e)superior oblique
(AS IF FACING PT)

Back 44

a)up and to the left
b)up and to the right
c)left
c)right
d)down and to the left
e)down and to the right

Front 45

Strabismis
a)what is it?
b)4types

Back 45

a)occular misalignment
b)esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia, hypotropia

Front 46

a)Esotropia
b)Exotropia
c)Hypertropia
d)Hypotropia

Back 46

a)eye gazes inward
b)eye gazes outward
c)eye gazes upward
d)eye gazes downward

Front 47

How to test for strabismis

Back 47

Cover test; cover dominant eye and bad eye compensates

cover bad eye and dominant eye WONT move

Front 48

Corneal light reflex (3)

Back 48

1)tests for strabismis
2)light should be on equal spot on both eyes
3)astigma can distort this

Front 49

Nystagmus (2)

Back 49

1)few beats of end lateral nystagmus is NORMAL
2)alcohol causes a lot of nystagmus

Front 50

2 paths to pupil constriction?

Back 50

1)ocular motor nerve
2)optic nerve

Front 51

How pupil constrict pathways work? (2)

Back 51

1)shine light in R eye optic nerve causes constriction
2)motor nerve causes constriction in L eye via stimulation of optic nerve

Front 52

Constriction reflex and...
a)R motor nerve lesion
b)R optic nerve lesion

Back 52

a)light in R eye you get constriction in R eye and NOT in L eye
b)no constriction on either side if lite in R eye; constriction in both eyes if lite in L eye

Front 53

Mydriasis
a)what is it?
b)causes (2)
c)what is MIOSIS

Back 53

a)large, poorly reacting pupil (dilated)
b)acute glaucoma, pharmacologic mydriasis
c)small, poorly reacting pupil

Front 54

Anioscoria
a)what is it
b)cause

Back 54

a)unequal pupils that react normally
b)genetic

Front 55

Argyll Robertson pupils
a)what is it
b)cause

Back 55

a)small irregular pupils
b)neurosyphilis

Front 56

Cataracts are...

Back 56

opaquification of lens

Front 57

Hyphema
a)what is it
b)cause

Back 57

a)blood in interior chamber of eye
b)damage to interior of eye

Front 58

Herpes dendrite
a)stipulation w/ it...

Back 58

NO steroids in eye w/ any eye disease until herpes is ruled out (steroids will worsen the herpes)

Front 59

Arcus senilis
a)what is it
b)cause

Back 59

a)white ring around the eye
b)hypercholesterol if age over 40

Front 60

Kaiser-flesher ring
a)cause?

Back 60

Wilson's disease; which is a copper metabolism disease

Front 61

Iritis
a)what is it/symptoms (5)
b)treatment
c)and....
d)other name

Back 61

a1)redness of eyes
a2)small eyes
a3)pain
a4)photophobia
a5)blurring of vision

b)treatment w/ mydriatic eye drops
c)cats can get this
d)Uveitis

Front 62

Glaucoma symptoms (7)

Back 62

1)red eye
2)pain
3)slightly dilated pupil
4)shallow anterior chamber
5)incr intraocular pressure
6)HALF IRIS IN SHADOW***
7)ROCK HARD EYES

Front 63

CHRONIC OPEN glaucoma
a)cause
b)symptoms
c)other

Back 63

a)GRADUAL blockage of drainage cannel pressure builds slowly
b)gradual loss of side vision
c)progress is slow/lifelong

Front 64

ACUTE CLOSED glaucoma
a)cause
b)symptoms (4)
c)treatment

Back 64

a)SUDDEN complete blockage of drainage channel leads to sudden incr in pressure
b)nausea, blurred vision, pain, halos
c)MEDICAL EMERGENCY, will not lose vision if treated w/ laser

Front 65

Glaucoma vs Iritis*******

Back 65

1)Glaucoma has large pupil, red eye, cloudy cornea
2)Iritis has small pupil, red eye, photophobia

Front 66

Intraocular pressure
a)normal is..
b)if high think...
c)if low think...

Back 66

a)10-20
b)glaucoma
c)trauma

Front 67

Fundoscopic technique (9) and instruments used (2)

Back 67

1)give pt explanation and fixation point
2)dim lights
3)R eye to R eye; L eye to L eye
4)diopter high and then turn clockwise
5)free hand on head
6)start @ 1foot
7)move closer @ 15degree angle
8)follow red reflex
9)look for vessel to follow to disk

Ophthalmoscope; PanOptic

Front 68

Back of the eye diseases (4)

Back 68

1)HTN retinopathy
2)diabetic retinopathy
3)atheriosclerosis
4)glaucoma

Front 69

HTN retinopathy
a)Grade I
b)Grade II

Back 69

a)minimal narrowing of retinal arteries
b)narrowing of retinal arteries w/ regions of focal narrowing and arteriovenous nicking

Front 70

HTN retinopathy
a)Grade III
b)Grade IV (plus 2 causes)

Back 70

a)abnormalities see in I and II as well as retinal hemorrhages, hard exudation, cotton-wool spots
b)stuff in I,II,III plus swelling of optic nerve head (papilledema, or 250/150BP)

Front 71

Diabetic retinopathy symptoms (9)

Back 71

1)microaneurysms
2)leakage (cotton wool, blot dot, hard exudates)
3)blockage (soft exudates, neovasculazation)

Front 72

Diabetic retinopathy
a)Mild Nonproliferative
b)Moderate Nonproliferative

Back 72

a)microaneurysms occur
b)some blood vessels that nourish the retina are blocked

Front 73

Diabetic retinopathy
a)severe nonproliferative
b)Proliferative retinopathy

Back 73

a)more blood vessels blocked (greater than 20 in all 4 quadrants); eye sends signals to make more blood vessels (but none yet)
b)neovascularization; vitreous gel that fills inside of eye

Front 74

What to look @ in lens? (4)

Back 74

1)shape
2)margins
3)color
4)cup:disc ratio

Front 75

Abnormal disc's (4)

Back 75

a)margins blurred/gone = papilladema
b)Color too red = hyperemic/HTN
c)Color too pale = atherosclerosis
d)C:D > 1:2 or 2C:D's differ = glaucoma

Front 76

Normal property of disc that you might think is abnormal?

Back 76

In R eye R side of disc is slightly blurred and v.v.

Front 77

Causes of papilledema (2)

Back 77

1)incr in intracranial pressure
2)HTN crisis

Front 78

Abnormal vessel qualitites (5)

Back 78

1)occlusion or obstruction
2)irregular (multiple constrictions)
3)Artery:Vein < 1:2 (diameter wise, vein always bigger, but only slightly usually about same size)
4)incr light reflex
5)nicking

Front 79

Nicking?

Back 79

artery crosses vein and vein shrink in @ the crossing point = grade2 HTN

Front 80

If light reflex of artery is really white then..

Back 80

atherosclerosis

Front 81

a)Central Retinal Artery occlusion
b)Central Retinal Vein occlusion
(what you'll see)

Back 81

a)pale back of eye
b)deep mars red back of eye and NO VESSELS

Front 82

Papilledema vs central vein occlusion

Back 82

vein has NO vessels

Front 83

Eye background abnormalities (4)

Back 83

1)hemorrhages
2)cotton wool areas
3)exudates (hard/soft)
4)blacks have darker bg and v.v

Front 84

Cotton wool causes/other name (3)

Back 84

a)capillary occlusion of nerve fiber layer (micro infarct)
b)DM/HTN
c)aka soft exudates

Front 85

HTN and DM and bg description

Back 85

HTN has localized hemorrhage/wool; DM is all over with all types of anamolies (DM eye looks like SHIT)

Front 86

Hard exudates
a)cause
b)what it looks like

Back 86

a)lipid
b)yellow and distinct borders

Front 87

Microaneurysms
a)desc
b)first thing seen in...

Back 87

a)black dots
b)DM eye

Front 88

Chlorioretinals scars cause... (3)

Back 88

1)toxoplasmosis
2)histoplasmosis
3)coccidiodomycosis

Front 89

Nevus is...

Back 89

mole on back of eye

Front 90

Dry Macular degeneration (4)

Back 90

1)90% of all cases
2)yellow-white deposits (drusen) in RPE
3)drusen are composed of waste from photoreceptor cells
4)eye more red than wet

Front 91

Wet macular degeneration (3)

Back 91

1)10% of cases
2)abnormal vessels form below macula
3)these leak blood into macula damaging photoreceptor cells

Front 92

Macular degeneration treatment (3)

Back 92

1)antioxidants
2)Zn
3)eyecaps

Front 93

Application of eye medications how?

Back 93

NOT on cornea; put on side of eye

Front 94

HAS Q'S ON ONLINE LECTURE @ 1:42:30 (2-7-08); AND WILL HAVE PICS ON EXAM SO LOOK OVER NOTES

Back 94

N/A