Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in a young person?
|
V-Fib
|
|
What is the msot common cause of V-Fib in a young, healthy person?
|
HCM
|
|
In HCM, where do you see characteristic thickening of the heart?
|
IV Septum
|
|
What is the most common (overall) cause of sudden cardiac death?
|
Acute plaque changes superimposed on atherosclerotic artery
|
|
What is a likely cause of multiple foci of myocardial fibrosis?
|
Multiple MIs
Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease |
|
Most common kind of cardiomyopathy?
|
DCM - 90%
|
|
CO in DCM
|
Significantly lower
Fatigue woud be a common sign limiting the amount of activity you would have |
|
Most common cause of death in RCM
|
CHF
|
|
In which phases of the cardiac action potential is K+ moving out of the cell? On EKG what would this result in?
|
Phase 2 and Phase 3
Phases 2 and 3 are depolarization so it would probably extend Q-T interval |
|
Common sign of torsades de pointes?
|
Syncope
|
|
Congential QT prolongation is due to ?
|
Mutation in K-channel protein
|
|
Most striking physical finding in acute pericarditis
|
Pericaridal Friction Rub
|
|
What relieves the pain associated with pericarditis?
|
Sitting up, leaning forward
|
|
Most common variants of acute pericarditis?
|
Fibrinous and serofibrinous
|
|
Common cause of pericarditis?
|
Viral, Rheumatic fever, MI, uremia
|
|
Kassmauls Sign
|
Increased JVP upon inspiration seen in chronic constrictive pericarditis, which takes months or years
|
|
Pulsus Paradoxus
|
Drop in systolic BP of 20 mm Hg or more upon inspriation. Seen in chronic constrictive pericarditis, which takes months or years
|
|
Pericardial Knock
|
Precoridal sound heard in early diastle in aptients with constrictive pericarditis, which takes months or years
|
|
What happens to LV with long-standing hypertension
|
Concentric Hypertrophy
|
|
What is the type of hypertrophy we see post-MI?
|
Dilated Hypertrophy because we lose cells that get replaced with fibrous tissue and there is increased volume
|
|
What happens to ventricle size due to mitral insufficeicny?
|
Increases LVEDV causing dilated ventricular hypertrophy
|
|
What ventricle changes do we see in an ASD?
|
Right Dilated Ventricular Hypertrophy
|
|
What is Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome?
|
Alternative conducation pathway that bypasses the AV node
|
|
What can lessen the murmur produced by mitral regurgitation?
|
Squating - increases preload and afterload so more blood in heart
|
|
What happens to the mitral valve in myomatous degeneration?
|
Redundancy and elongation of valve cusps and chordae tendinae
|
|
What causes MVP?
|
Think, this is a subset of MR. It's due to connective tissue defects that cause elastin and microFIBRIL to be deposit on valve
|
|
Mneumonic FIbriln = Marfan
|
Paul is a Fucking Idiot - FI---Fibrilin - Marfan
|
|
What can a Dilated CM and inferior MI both lead to?
|
Cause regurgitation. Either by stretching the valve ring or by a papillary muscle necrosis. But you won't heart the snap b/c there's no extra tissue
|
|
Progressive fatigue is usually a sign of what?
|
Low cardiac output
|
|
Which ventricles are dilated in DCM?
|
Both
|
|
What happens to the EDV in DCM?
|
It's increased
|
|
What happens to the end-systolic volume in DCM?
|
It's also increased, didn't get rid of all of it's blood
|
|
How is dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosed?
|
Diagnosis of exclusion
|
|
Which valve is usually affected in IE of IVDA?
|
Tricuspid - theyre putting drugs in their veins so its going to right heart
|
|
Which organism typically causes IE in IVDA?
|
S. Aureus
|
|
Complications of IE?
|
Vegetations can embolize and go to lungs, brains, or other systemic sights
|
|
What is a procedure that can be followed by subacute IE?
|
Dental work
|
|
What type of IE proceeds dental work?
|
Strep Viridans
|
|
Which type of valves does S. Aureus affect? Strep Viridans
|
S. Aureus will affect any valve
Strep Viridans only affects previously damaged valves |
|
IE associated with S. Bovis is typically seen in what illness?
|
Colon cancer
|
|
New murmur
|
S. Aurues IE
|
|
Organisms that could cause IE but don't grow on standard culture
|
HACEK
Haempholus Actinobacillus Cardibacterium Eiknella Kingella |
|
Dystrophic calcification is a hallmark of what?
|
Cell injury and death
|
|
Dark purples sharped edged aggregates on a valve in H&E stain?
|
Calification
|
|
Where do the msot prominent extra-cardiac signs of LHF occur?
|
Lungs
|
|
What happens in the lungs as a result of LHF?
|
Increased pulmonary venous pressure, build of fluid in interstitial space and eventual intra-alveolar edema
|
|
Is wheezing specific to LHF?
|
Hell no - think lung diseases
|
|
What drug class has been associated w/ secondary pulmonary hypertension?
|
Appetite-Suppressants
Fen-Fen, Phentermine |
|
What genetic disordres are associated with cerebral Berry aneurysms?
|
Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
Ehlers-Danlos |
|
What can lead to aortic dilation?
|
Aging, Hypertension, Aortic Stenosis, Arteritis, Atherolsclerosis
|
|
Causes of renal vascular sclerosis?
|
Atherosclerosis, Fibromuscular Dysplasia, and Systemic Vasculitis
|
|
What is medial calcinosis?
|
Calcific deposits in muscular arteries - femoral, tibials, radial, ulnar, and gentals
|
|
Light microscopy changes at:
0-4 hours: 4-12 hours: 12-24 hours: 1-5 days: 5-10 days: 10-14 days: 2 weeks - 2 months: |
0-4: No changes
4-12: Coagulation Necrosis, wavy fibers 12-24: coagulation and marginal band necrosis 1-5 d: PMNS! 5-10 d: Macrophages 10-14 d: granulation tissue 2w-2months: fibrosis, collagen, scar |
|
Histology of viral myocarditis?
|
Lymphocytic infiltrate, focal necrosis, inflammatory cells
|
|
What type of cardiomyopathy is associated with thiamine defeciency?
|
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
|
|
Physical exam finding of a newborn with PDA?
|
Continuous machinery murmur
Best heard at LUSB |
|
Causes of PDA (teratogens)?
|
Fetal Alcohol
Rubella |
|
Relieving response of children to tetrology of fallot
|
Squatting - this increases peripheral resistance, this back up to aorta where that increases pressure could shove blood in to a patent ductus
|
|
What demographic does SLE primarily affect?
|
Women, 20-40`
|
|
What aspect of SLE results in its involvement of the pericardium?
|
Serositis - inflamation of the serosa - pleuritis, percarditis
|
|
What type of exudate would we find on acute serositis caused by SLE?
|
Fibrinous Exudate - this isn't tamponade though
|
|
In what position is the pericardial friction rub best heard?
|
Patient sitting up, leaning forward
|
|
Causes of aortic dissection?
|
Long-standing hypertension
Marfan's Ehlor-Danlos |
|
Signs of a cardiac tamponade
|
Kussmaul's
Pulsus Paradoxus Hepatomegaly |
|
What cause Janeway lesions?
|
Septic Microemboli containing bacteria, neutrophils, and necrotic material
|
|
What type of skin lesion would we be more likely to see in a hypersensitivity vasculitis like HSP?
|
Nodule, non-flat
|
|
Where do Janeway lesions most commonly appear?
|
Soles of hand and feet
|
|
What can cause ruptured chordae tendinae?
|
MI or endocarditis, but ruptured chordae tendinae won't cause endocarditis
|
|
Diseases that cause myocardial fibrosis?
|
Sarcoidosis
Dermatomyositis Muscular Dystrophy Scleroderma |
|
Things that can lead to endocarditis
|
Scarring
Inflammation Damage |
|
What do the vegetations of bacterial IE contain other than immune cells and bacteria?
|
Fibrin
|
|
When do you see Kusmauls sign?
|
Not in tamponade like i said earlier!!!
It's in chronic constrictive pericarditis |
|
When do you hear a loud P2?
|
Pulmonary Hypertension
|
|
When do you a hear a pericardial knock?
|
Chronic constrictive pericarditis
|
|
What is a common cause of chronic constrictive pericarditis?
|
Tuberculosis Caseous Pericarditis
|
|
How does chronic constrictive pericarditis lead to heart failure?
|
Restricts diastolic ventricular filling - lowers CO - backflow of blood - RHF - the works
|
|
Most common cause of death post-MI?
|
V-fib, arrthymia
|
|
Most common cause of death in SCD due to a CAD issue?
|
V-fib
|
|
What is the most likely cause of a congenital defect in the lower part of the interatrial septum?
|
Failure of endocardial cushion to fuse
|
|
Name one of the endocardial cushion defects that we know
|
Ostium Primum ASD
|
|
What congenital syndrome is an endocardial cushion defect usually associated with?
|
Down Syndrome
|
|
What is the most common valvular findings with endocardial cushion defects?
|
Cleft in anterior leaflet of mtiral vavle and septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve
|
|
Identify the appropriate cardiac abnormality associated with each:
Down Syndrome DiGeorge's Turner's Marfan's Tuberous Sclerosis Fredreich's Ataxia |
Down's - endocardial cushion defect - ostium primum ASD
Marfan's - cystic medial necrosis, myxomatous deg Turner's - Coarctation DiGeorge's - Tetrology of Fallot Fredrich's - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Tuberous Sclerosis - rhabdomyoma |