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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cleft lip defeact
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Fullness defect in lip or palate
Failure of facial Prominence (5) Both cleft lip and palate usually occurs together |
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Aphthous Ulcer
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Painful superficial ulceration in oral mucosa
Arise in relation to stress and resolve spontaneously. Grayish base surrounded by erythema |
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what does the grayish base indicates
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indicates granulation issues
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Behcet Syndrome
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Recurrent of Aphthous ulcer
genital ulcer Uveitis |
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Behcet Syndrome causes
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Unkown, but due to immune complexes.
Post viral infection |
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Oral Herpes and Presentation
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Red vesicle involving oral mucosa W/HSV 1
Primary infnx in childhood. Dormant in trigerminal ganglia |
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What causes the reactivation of Oral herpes and what type of virus
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Stress and Sunlight
A DNA virus |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma with relation to Oral cavity
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A neoplasm of squamous cell lining the oral mucosa
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What are the Major Risk Factors for Oral-SCC
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Smoking and alcohol
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where is the most likely location Oral SCC
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The floor of the mouth
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What is Oral Leukoplakia
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it is a while plaque in the tongue that cannot be scrape away.
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What other diseases can be confused with Oral Leukoplakia?
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Oral Candidiasis and Hairy leukoplakia
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How can you distinguish Oral leukoplakia from ( Candidiasis or Hairly leukoplakia)
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Candidiasis: White plaque in the tongue that can be scrap away. Indicates immune suppressive state
Hairly Leukoplakia: This are hairy-like patches at the lateral edge of the tongue, seen in AIDS pt and is associated with EBV-induced squamous cell hyperplasia |
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What is Erythroplakia in association with Leukoplakia
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it is a red plaque, due to vascularization of leukoplakia
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what does the presence of Erythroplakia indicates
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Highly Dysplasia of oral squamous cell
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What are the precursor lesions for Oral SCC
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Erythroplakia and Leukoplakia
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Saliva Glands are
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Exocrine glands
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How many Major saliva glands do we have and what are they
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Three Major saliva glands:
Parotid Submandibular Sublingual |
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What causes Mumb and where does it infect
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Paramyxovirus .
Bilateral Parotitis |
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What other diseases are present with mumps?
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Pancreatitis-Indicated by elevated serum amylase
Orchitis-infection of the testicles-->Infertility in teenagers Aseptic meningitis |
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Sialadenitis
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Inflammation of the salivary gland.
caused by obstruction of saliva duct leading to unilaterla Staph aureus infxn |
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What is the most common salivary tumor? and what does it name indicates
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Benign Pleomorphic Adenoma
Pleo-indicates different tissue type involvement (stroma-cartilage and Epithelial tissue) |
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What do we call a tumor that involves tow tissue types?
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Biphasic Tumor
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what are the characteristics of Pleomorphic tumor
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Benign arise in the paratid
circumscribe with irregular borders Painless Mobile |
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What is the recurrence rate and why does it recurred
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High recurrence rate.
Due to incomplete resection of the irregular borders |
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A man who has had pleomorphic tumor for 10 years, presents with Bell's palsy,
what does this indicate |
Since CN7 passes through the parotid gland, this indicates transformation to carcinoma
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Warthin Tumor
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2nd most common salivary tumor
Almost always arise from the Parotid It is a cystic tumor with lymphnode tissue (germinal centers) |
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Tell all about Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
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it is the most common MALIGNANT tumor of the salivary gland associates with mucinous and squamous cell
Arise in the parotid glands Involves CN 7 |
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Vomiting, Polyhydramnios, Abdominal distention and aspirations are all clinical features of?
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Tracheosophageal Fistula
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Thin protrusion of the upper esophageal mucosa
Dysphasia for poor chewed food, are associated with ? |
Esophageal Web
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Severe iron deficiency anemia, esophageal web and beefy red tongue are clinical presentation of ?
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Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
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Zenker Diverticulum
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Acquired defect in the muscularis near the upper esophagus sphincter-->diverticulum or pouch formation.
dysphasia obstruction and bad breathe (halitosis) due to trap food. |
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Longitudinal Laceration of the GEJ
associated with severe vomiting seen in Alcoholic and bulimic pt PAINFUL hematemesis Risk of Beorhaave syndrome |
Mallory-weiss syndrome
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what is Beohaave syndrome
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irritation of the GEJ resulting in a hole that allows air to go into the mediasternum and subcutaneous emphysema.
Air bubbles underneath the skin, press on it-->crackle heard. |
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Esophagus Varices
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Dilation of submucosa in the distal/lower esophagus due to portal HTN
Asymtomatic |
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What happen in Esophagus Varices when the dilated veins raptures?
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PAINLESS Hematemesis
Coagulopathy--B'cos of portal HTN Most common cause of death in Liver cirrhosis. |
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Achalasia:
Causes: Clinical presentation Ans is long so speak up :0 |
Disorder of the esophageal motility and inability of the LES to Relax due to damage of the ganglion cells in Myenteric plexus.
Idiopathic, secondary to Chagas Dz Dysphagia for solids and Liquids putrid or rotten breath High LES pressure on esophagus manometry Bird peak on barrium swallow study |
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GERD
Clinical presentation |
Heart burn (mimic cardiac chest pain)
Asthma (adult onset-due to some of the reflux acids going into the trachea) Damage to enamel of teeth Ulceration W/ stricture |
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Risk factors of GERD
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Alcohol, tobacco, obesity, fat rich diet, caffeine and Hiatal herniation
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Compare Hiatal herniation and Paraesophageal herniation.
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Hiatal hernia: the herniation of the lower stomach into the esophagus obstructing the tone of the LES.
Paraesophagus hernia: Out pouch of the stomach parallel to the esophagus. GI sound heard in the lung area. |
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What is Barrett esophagus
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Linked to GERDs
Metaplasia of lower esophagus mucosa. Non-keratinizes stratified squamous epithelial ---> Non ciliated columnar cells with goblet |
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Adenocarcinoma (a)
Squamous cell carcinoma (b) |
(a) Most common proliferating malignant of the WEST
(b) Most common proliferating malignancy WORLDWIDE |
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What is the single most common risk factor in developing Esophagus SCC
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IRRITATION
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Which LN will a tumor that occurs in
a) Upper 1/3 b)Middle 1/3 c)Lower 1/3 spread to |
a) cervical LN
b) Mediasternal or Tracheobronchial LN c) Celiac and Gastric LN |
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Primary Herpes
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Systemic
Viremia stays dormant in sensory ganglia Lymphadenopathy |
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secondary Herpes
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No fever
No systemic No lymphadenopathy |
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Smear of Herpes Vesicles, what do you see
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Multinucleated cell with internuclear inclusion.
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Hairy Leukaplakia
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Caused by EBV
It a preAIDS infxn located on the lateral boarders of the tongue |
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Thrush in adults compared to Newborn
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Adults, it indicates and immune compromised state
Newborn-Mom had it and NB acquired during birth |
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what is the first step in management of leukoplakia and why
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Bx, helps ruled out dysplasia and or invasive cancer
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what are the most common cause of dysplasia and cancer of the mouth
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1. Smoking
2. Alcohol |
