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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
early tubulo-interstitial disease is characterized by ___ but not ___
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tubular dysfunction
glomerular dysfunction |
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tubular dysfunction means ___ (2)
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failure to concentrate urine
failure to excrete acid |
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failure to concentrate urine causes ___ (2)
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polyuria
nocturia |
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failure to excrete acid causes ___
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RTA
|
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pregnancy is a risk factor for UTI because
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hormones facilitate bacterial adhesion to urethral epithelium
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whereas GN is caused by ___, pyelonephritis is caused by ___.
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inflammation
infection |
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hydronephrosis is caused by ___. it can be caused by ___. it can be ___
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obstruction of proximal urinary tract.
pyelonephritis asymptomatic |
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3 complications of hydronephrosis
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papillary necrosis
pyonephrosis perinephric abcess |
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papillary necrosis can cause ___ in ___ (5)
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ARF
DM obstruction analgesic nephropathy sickle cell anemia renal vascular disease |
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whereas acute pyelonephritis is caused by ___, chronic pyeplonephritis is caused by ___.
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infection
reflux |
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2 kinds of reflux which can cause chronic pyelonnephritis
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vesico-ureteral
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reflux nephropathy means ___
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reflux with infection
|
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grossly, chronic pyelonephritis has ___ kidneys with ___ over ___
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small
deep surface scars dilated, deformed calyces |
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on LM chronic pyelonephritis has ___ (2) with normal ___. late in the disease ___ may develop.
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tubular atrophy
interstitial fibrosis glomeruli FSGS |
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acute interstitial nephritis is a ___ reaction
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drug-induced hypersensitivity
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2 main kinds of drugs causing acute interstitial nephritis
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antibiotics
NSAIDs |
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2 kinds of drugs which cause AIN less frequently
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diuretics
antiulcer |
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AIN presents with ___ (4)
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fever
rash eosinophiluria sterile pyuria |
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sterile pyuria means
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WBCs but no bacteria in urine
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T/F: AIN reaction is proportionate to drug dose.
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false
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analgesic nephropathy is associated with ___ (3)
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phenacetin
acetaminophen aspirin |
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acetaminophen is concentrated in ___ and is ___. aspirin adds to damage by ___.
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renal papilla
nephrotoxic ischemia from PG depletion |
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a long-term complication of analgesic nephropathy is ___
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transitional cell carcinoma
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uric acid nephropathy is managed with ___
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good hydration
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4 syndromes of NSAID-associated nephropathy
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ARF
AIN AIN + MCD membranous nephropathy |
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4 benign renal tumors
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cortical adenoma
angiomyolipoma juxtaglomerular cell tumor oncocytoma |
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T/F: Cortical adenomas have no clinical meaning
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true
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angiomyolipomas are associated with ___
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tuberous sclerosis
|
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juxtaglomerular cell tumors are rare/common and produce ___.
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rare
renin |
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oncocytomas have many ___ and are ___
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mitochondria
eosinophilic |
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renal cell carcinoma is aka. 6 risk factors
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hypernephroma
old age male von Hippel Lindau syndrome smoking obesity end-stage kidney |
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4 types of renal cell carcinoma in descending order of frequency
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clear cell
papillary chromophobe collicting duct |
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cytogenetic marker for clear cell carcinoma
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3p deletion
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___ is a cytogenetic marker for papillary carcinoma. this causes amplification of ___.
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trisomy 7
MET |
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___ is very rare and very aggressive.
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collecting duct carcinoma
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von Hippel Lindau causes ___ in retina and ___. it is associated with ___ RCC.
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vascular malformations
cerebellum bilateral |
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on LM, RCC cells appear ___ because of ___ (2).
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clear
fat glycogen |
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RCC tends to invade ___ such as ___. this can cause ___ in men.
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veins
IVC varicocele |
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most frequent symptom of RCC is ___.
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hematuria
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hematuria in RCC is often ___ and ___.
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microscopic
intermittent |
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RCC goes to ___ (4)
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lungs
bone brain LNs |
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Wilms tumor is a ___ tumor occurring in kids under ___.
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malignant
5 |
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Wilms tumor is associated with deletion of ___ on chromosome ___.
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WT1
11 |
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2 malformations associated with Wilms tumor
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hemihypertrophy
aniridia |
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cure rate for Wilms with surgery, chemo and radiation is ___%
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90
|
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transitional cell carcinoma can occur in ___ or ___. it is commonly ___.
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renal pelvis
bladder multicentric |
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M:F ratio for TCC is
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3:1
|
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5 risk factors for TCC
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aniline dyes
smoking analgesic nephropathy CTX Schistosoma hematobium |
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2 markers for invasive, high grade TCC
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p53 mutation
aneuploidy |
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TCC commonly presents with
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painless hematuria
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