Pathology Test 4 Exam Questions

Front 1

what is a tonsillar herniation (cerebellar coning)

Back 1

impaction of cerebellar tonsils in foramen magnum results in...
1. compression of medulla
2. RESPIRATORY ARREST
3. death

Front 2

what is a clinical picture of acute pyogenic meningitis

Back 2

1. subarachnoid space is filled with infecting organisms and neutrophils
2. CSF cloudy and purulent
3. PHOTOPHOBIA
4. increased intracranial pressure
5. increased protein
6. decreased sugars

Front 3

what is the most common etiology of intracranial hemorrhage

Back 3

HYPERTENSION
-results from rupture of microaneurysms (Charcot-Bouchard) at bifurcation of intraparenchymal arteries

Front 4

Parkinson Disease is defined as

Back 4

aka Paralysis Agitans
1. degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and fibers of substantia nigra and striatum
2. causes tremors and rigidity
3. slowness of movements with gait
4. pill rolling tremors

Front 5

Lou Gehrigs Disease

Back 5

1. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
2. most common form of motor neuron disease

Front 6

what pathological derangement may lead to non insulin dependent DM

Back 6

1. beta cell exhaustion
2. defective beta cell secretion of insulin
3. decrease in # of insulin receptors
4. decrease peripheral tissue response to insulin

Front 7

wide eye state of hyperthyroid pts may be due to lymphocyte infiltration as well as...

Back 7

increased sympathetic tone

Front 8

ketoacidosis is a metabolic derangement characteristic of...

Back 8

insulin dependent DM

Front 9

binding of glucose to hemoglobin A1C is an example of...

Back 9

Non-enzymatic glycosylation
-renders structural and functional proteins, lipids and cellular structures inactive

Front 10

what lesion in the skin shows a SUPRABASALAR BLISTER and INTRACELLULAR DEPOSITS OF IgG on immunofluorescent testing

Back 10

Pemphigus vulgaris

Front 11

what lesion in the skin shows granular deposits of IgA at tips of dermal papillae on immunofluorescence testing

Back 11

Dermatitis herpitiformis

Front 12

most common tumor seen in AIDS patients

Back 12

Kaposi's tumor

Front 13

what is considered a premalignant epidermal tumor

Back 13

actinic keratosis

Front 14

what lesion is caused by HPV

Back 14

Condyloma acuminatum

Front 15

orphan annie nuclei are characteristic of...

Back 15

Papillary carcinoma

Front 16

what is characteristic of thyroid gland that has be replaced by fibrous tissue

Back 16

1. HIGH TSH
2. LOW T3 and T4

Front 17

function of autoantibodies in Graves Disease

Back 17

stimulate thyroid cell activity via TSH receptors

Front 18

Cushings DISEASE is distinguished from Cushing SYMDROME in that

Back 18

there is primary lesion in the pituitary gland secreting ACTH

Front 19

elongated arms, legs and a generalized increase in body size is seen in...

Back 19

GIGANTISM

Front 20

characteristics of Myxedema

Back 20

1. mucopolysaccharide rich edema accumlates
2. coarsening of facial features
3. cold intolerance
4. metal sluggishness

Front 21

characteristics of Cretinism

Back 21

1. hyperthyroidism developing in infants and children
2. associated with dietary iodine deficiency
3. severe mental retardation
4. umbilical hernia

Front 22

mechanism of Graves Disease

Back 22

antibody binding and activation of thyroid stimulating hormone

Front 23

lab diagnosis for hypothyroidism

Back 23

1. INCREASE TSH
2. DECREASE T4

Front 24

rheumatoid arthritis is described as

Back 24

chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease of the joints

Front 25

osteoarthritis is described as

Back 25

1. degenerative process of articular cartilage (joints)
2. focal cell death and reactive proliferation of chondrocytes

Heberdens Nodule: nodules at base of terminal phhalanges

Front 26

osteoporosis is characterized as...

Back 26

1. increase OSTEOCLAST activity
2. decrease OSTEOBLAST activity
3. osteopenia: little bones

Front 27

what lesion presents as well demarcated, pink plaques covered by silvery scales

Back 27

psoriasis

Front 28

what is true about squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

Back 28

1. HPV may play a causal role
2. chronic draining sinuses may be a predisposing factor
3. begins as a carcinoma in situ
4. etiologically associated with sun exposure

Front 29

what is the best way of describing basal cell carcinoma

Back 29

1. slowly growing tumor that rarely metastasize
2. resemble normal basal cells

Front 30

what is true about malignant melanoma

Back 30

1. etiologically related to sun exposure
2. arises from epidermal melanocytes
3. borders are irregular and notched
4. may arise from pre-existing nevus

Front 31

most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Back 31

berry aneurysm rupture

Front 32

most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage

Back 32

hypertension

Front 33

MRI shows widened ventricular spaces, narrow gyri and broad sulcal regions...what is it

Back 33

alzheimer disease

Front 34

characteristics of PRIMARY osteoarthritis?
secondary?

Back 34

Primary:
1. occurs de novo
2. middle aged MALE, females later
3. frequency with age

Secondary:
1. any age in previously damaged joints

Front 35

eburnation

Back 35

1. ulceration of cartilage expose underlying bone
2. ivory like appearance
3. found in osteroarthritis

Front 36

what conditions can cause the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism

Back 36

1. chronic renal failure
2. impaired vitamin D synthesis
3. malabsorption

Front 37

lab diagnosis for primary hyperparathyroidism

Back 37

INCREASE serum calcium
INCREASE urine calcium
INCREASE serum PTH

DECREASE serum phosphate

Front 38

mechanism involved in development of osteoporosis of menopause

Back 38

DECREASED estrogen
INCREASED IL-1, 6
INCREASE osteoclast activity

Front 39

thyroid tumor evaluation:
solitary:
young patient:
history of radiation:
radioactive iodine uptake:

Back 39

1. solitary: NEOPLASTIC
2. young patient: NEOPLASTIC
3. history of radiation: NEOPLASTIC/MALIGNANT
4. radioactive iodine uptake: BENIGN

Front 40

LAB DIAGNOSIS FOR...
1. hypothyroidism
2. hyperthyroidism

Back 40

1. hypothyroidism:
INCREASE TSH
DECREASE T4

2. hyperthyroidism
DECREASE TSH
INCREASE T3
INCREASE T4

Front 41

thickening of the stratum corneum is called...

Back 41

Acanthosis

Front 42

mosaic pattern of bone is histological hallmark of

Back 42

Paget Disease

Front 43

formation of bone or its precursor by the tumor cells is characteristic what tumor

Back 43

osteosarcoma

Front 44

the muscle most commonly involved in the initial stages of MG are

Back 44

EYELID MUSCLES

Front 45

neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary tangles are seen in

Back 45

Alzheimer disease

Front 46

most common primary neoplasms of the CNS

Back 46

1. astrocytoma
2. glioblastoma multiform

Front 47

lab diagnosis for osteroporosis

Back 47

normal serum calcium
normal serum phosphate