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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
known as “the common cold
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Coryza
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Acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
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Coryza
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Inflammation of the nasal passages
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Rhinitis
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Refers to the paranasal sinuses that are involved in the infection of a cold
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Sinusitis
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Inflammation of the throat
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Pharyngitis
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Inflammation of the voice box
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Laryngitis
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Described as an allergy
Result of hypersensitivity to various grass and tree pollens |
Hay Fever
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Common viral infection affecting the upper respiratory tract and characterized by fever, chills, sore throat, runny nose, cough and often muscle pain
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Influenza
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The greatest danger with flu cases is
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the viral infection adversely affects the respiratory epithelium, which is an important bodily defense mechanism
When this line of defense is compromised, secondary bacterial invaders are able to work their way down the respiratory tract and lead to other serious infections |
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Inflammation of the trachea
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Tracheitis
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Inflammation of the bronchi
Common as the flu, most serious in infants |
Bronchitis
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Form of allergy characterized by hypersecretion of mucous and spasms of the bronchial muscles
Some are overly sensitive to various antigens. These substances cause abnormal, spasmodic contractions of the musculature in the bronchial passageways. The airways are narrowed, making it difficult to breath |
Asthma
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Inflammation of the lungs caused by a collection of inflammatory exudates in the alveoli
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Pneumonia (or Pneumonitis)
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is and infection that is localized in one or two lobes of the lung
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Lobar Pneumonia
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Inflammation of the pleura
Generally accompanies Lobar Pneumonia |
Pleuritis (or Pleurisy)
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Second main category of Pneumonia
Name derives from the inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles Complicates other disease such as: whooping cough, measles, the flu, cancer and chronic bronchitis It is a common hospital acquired (nosocomial |
Bronchial Pneumonia
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When the pleural cavity is filled with purulent exudates, the condition is known as
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empyema or pyothorax
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If fluid collects in the pleural cavity and is more watery , or edematous in nature, it is referred to as
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pleural effusion or hydrothorax
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Hydrothorax usually accompanies circulatory disorders such as
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heart failure
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Indicates a collection of blood which may accompany some infections and wounds
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Hemothorax
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Air in the pleural cavity
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Pneumothorax
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Refers to a collapsed lung
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Atelectasis
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Long term respiratory disease with chronic deterioration and destruction of lung tissue
Not infectious, and is associated with long term irritation of the respiratory passageways The lungs stay filled with air high in CO2 Due to this, the individual feels suffocated due to the inability to get enough oxygen into the lungs The end result of this disease is the breakdown of delicate walls of the alveoli and a joining together of the tiny air sacs into bullae (which are functionless sacs) |
Emphysema
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Stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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COPD
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This condition affects several body systems, but particularly those with exocrine secretor functions such as the pancreas and sweat glands
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Cystic Fibrosis
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This disease is often discussed along with diseases of the pancreas. It is characterized by the thick sticky mucous secretions that block the pancreatic duct. As a result the glands dilate into sac like structures called cysts-hence the name cystic fibrosis
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Cystic Fibrosis
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The danger of this disease is the respiratory obstruction due to the thick and sticky mucous secretions to the membranes that line the air passageways to the lungs. This blocks the flow of air and also traps bacteria and predisposes the individual to respiratory infections
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Cystic Fibrosis
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This is a hereditary disease. It is a result of a genetic disorder. There is no cure, but there is treatment
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Cystic Fibrosis
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It’s an umbrella term that encompasses various conditions which cause long-term interference with the normal respiratory exchange of gases
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COPD
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What are two or more conditions that can co-exist, the designation of COPD
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Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and bronchial asthma
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Long term respiratory disease with chronic deterioration and destruction of lung tissue
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Emphysema
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Not infectious, and is associated with long term irritation of the respiratory passageways
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Emphysema
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The lungs stay filled with air high in CO2
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Emphysema
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Due to this, the individual feels suffocated due to the inability to get enough oxygen into the lungs
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Emphysema
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The end result of this disease is the breakdown of delicate walls of the alveoli and a joining together of the tiny air sacs into bullae (which are functionless sacs)
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Emphysema
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Non-communicable, non-infectious condition that affects the lungs
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Pneumoconiosis
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Combination of words that mean “lungs” and “dust”
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Pneumoconiosis
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Generally an occupational disease
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Pneumoconiosis
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-stone dust
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Silicosis
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coal dust
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Anthracosis-
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asbestos fibers
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Asbestosis-
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A serious infectious and caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Tuberculosis
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Pulmonary ____ is the most common form
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Tuberculosis
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what can affect any body organ
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Tuberculosis
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caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium _________
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Tuberculosis
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Spreads through blood and lymph system
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Tuberculosis
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TB is characterized by the formation of lesions called __________
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tubercles
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The _______ will grow in size and put pressure on surrounding capillaries and impairs circulation
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tubercles
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Necrotic tissue can form within the tubercle
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caseation
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occurs when the growth of a tubercle erodes the walls of an adjacent bronchus, and the contents are thrown off into the air passageway, leaving an empty cavity
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Cavitation
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One of the leading forms of cancer in the U.S
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lung cancer
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#1 cause of death among male cancer patients in the country
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lung cancer
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Can be at the primary site or can metastasize from other areas in the body
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lung cancer
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Smoking increases ones risk for getting lung cancer
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lung cancer
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Embalming Considerations for respitory disease
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Emaciation
Dehydration Rapid blood coagulation Edema, especially hydrothorax Cyanosis of the tissues Exposure to TB and Hepatitis |
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Why is the urinary system important?
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Its functions remove waste products from the body
Waste products need to be filtered out of the blood and eliminated before they build up to toxic levels The filtering process is accomplished by the kidneys |
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The ________ are also key in maintaining proper water, electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body
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kidneys
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is inflammation of the kidney
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Nephritis
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Refers to the inflammation of the filtering capillaries in the kidney
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Glomerulonephritis
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the filtering capillaries in the kidney)
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glomeruli
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Blood in the urine is known as
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hematuria
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Hemoglobin in the urine is
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hemoglobinuria
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Albumin in the urine is known as
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albuminuria
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can be acute of chronic
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Glomerulonephritis
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is often accompanied by hypertension
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Chronic Glomerulonephritis
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Hypertension often leads to __________-_____ can lead to hypertension
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kidney disease
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Arteries and arterioles of the kidney can become sclerotic. This is referred to as
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nephrosclerosis
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inflammation of the kidney pelvis
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Pyelitis
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The kidney pelvis is the upper expanded part of the
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ureter
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is inflammation of the kidney and pelvis itself
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Pyelonephritis
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Pyelonephritis, Pyelitis, nephrosclerosis are types of kidney infections that are usually caused by
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pyogenic bacteria
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result in the inability of the kidney to properly filter waste products out of the bloodstream
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diseases of the kidney
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The condition where the kidney cannot filter waste products out of the blood is called
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uremia
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can be associated with changes in urinal output
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Kidney failure
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means complete suppression of urine output
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Anuria
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means a less than normal amount of urine
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Oliguria
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refers to the passage of excess quantities of urine. It often is an indication of problems elsewhere in the body such as diabetes insipidus, which is a disease of the pituitary gland
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Polyuria
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is responsible for producing and anti-diuretic hormone that regulates urine output. When this hormone is not properly produced, excess urine is generated. This can lead to dehydration of the body.
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The pituitary gland
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Polyuria also accompanies
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diabetes mellitus
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sugar diabetes
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diabetes mellitus
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Excess sugar in the urine is known as
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glycosuria
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The pancreas is not producing the proper amount of insulin and therefore sugar builds up in the blood stream and spills in to the urinary system
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glycosuria
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Underdevelopment of body part
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Hypoplasia
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Many cysts on the kidney
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Polycystic Kidney Disease
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A condition which is characterized by a build up of urine in the kidney pelvis, causing a dilation of the pelvis and even compression of kidney tissue
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Hydronephrosis
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Formation of kidney stones
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Nephrolithiasis
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Kidney stones are called
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nephroliths or renal caculi
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They form in the kidney pelvis. If they are small enough, they will pass into the bladder and continue to grow and can eventually block the urethra
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Kidney stones
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Inflammation of the ureters
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Ureteritis
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Inflammation of the urinary bladder
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Cystitis
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Inflammation of the urethra
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Urethritis
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Pus in the urine. This can result from pyogenic bacteria that cause urinary tract infections
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Pyuria
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Some organisms that cause UTI’s are
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Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia thrachomatis, Esherichia Coli
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are common malignant tumors which occur in the urinary system
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Carcinomas
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urinary system diseases that is a common type affecting adults
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Renal Cell Carcinoma
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a malignant ,rapid growing kidney tumor. This is often seen in young children.
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Wilm’s tumor
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Build up of urea and other toxic waste products in the blood have the effect of altering tissue proteins is diminished
Kidney disease can result in edema Strong odor of urine in the tissues may be present |
Embalming Considerations for urinary system diseases
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