Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1 out of _ people who consult a doctor have a skin disorder
|
4
|
|
_ is the 1st lesion to appear on the skin & appears as a sign (eg. macule, papule, plaque, nodule, tumor, wheal, vesicle, pustule)
_ becomes _ w/change (eg. scale, crust, thickening, erosion, ulcer, scar, excoriation, fissure, atrophy). Changes may occur from rubbing, meds, disease progression or process of healing. |
Primary lesion
Primary lesions become secondary lesions |
|
_- hurting yourself
|
Munchousin
|
|
basic functions of skin:
_ regulation _ _ _ protection |
Temperature
Protection Elasticity UV light |
|
Keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
4 basic layers: _—stratum germinativum (constantly dividing) _—stratum spinosum _—stratum granulosum _—Dust in the Wind—dead keratinocytes |
Basal layer
Spinous layer Granular layer Stratum corneum |
|
cell types in the epidermis:
1. _—epithelial cells found in all layers of the epidermis that produces keratin, a skin protein. 2. _—forms melanin & found in the basal layer. Protects against sunburn, UV carcinogenesis & determines skin color. 3. _—tissue macrophages that aid in immune response |
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes Langerhans cells |
|
_: Components—blood vessels, nerve fibers, connective tissue (collagen & elastin), & fibroblasts.
Skin components: Hair follicle _ glands—secretes sebum, oil to lubricate skin _ glands are found in the axillary, genital & anal areas—produce odor _ glands—thermoregulation by perspiration |
dermis
Sebaceous Apocrine Eccrine |
|
_: Aka hypodexmis, fat filled area so acts as an insulator. Elderly lose this layer of fat.
Function of this layer is for energy storage & balance, trauma absorption |
subcutaneous tissue
|
|
_:
Chronic inflammatory dz Most common type of eczema* Early manifestation of _ that appears before development of allergic rhinitis or asthma. _ refers to a group of 3 associated allergic disorders: Asthma Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) _ dermatitis Often associated with food allergies, increased levels of IgE |
aptopic dermatitis
atopy Atopy Atopic |
|
_ s&s:
Acute form in infants= crusting rash Chronic form-dry, thickened, brownish-grey colored skin (lichenified) Xerosis and pruritus (scratching) are the major symptoms, may cause severely excoriated lesions, infection and scarring. Secondary complications may arise due to this change. |
atopic dertatitis
|
|
_: Caused by exposure to a chemical, mechanical, physical or biologic agent
Aging may contribute to development of delayed cell-mediated hypersensitivity. Dermatitis of unknown origin more common in elderly. S&Spruritus, erythema, edema occurs 1-2 days after exposure. Signs begin at site of exposure then extend distally. May progress to vesiculation, oozing, crusting & scaling |
contact dermatitis
|
|
_: Superficial inflammatory rxn caused by irritant exposure, allergic sensitization, or genetically determined idiopathic factors
_—extensive erosions w/serous exudate or by pruritic, erythematous papules & vesicles on a background of erythema _—erythematous excoriated scaling papules that are grouped or scattered over erythematous skin _—thickened skin & increased skin marking (lichenification) secondary to rubbing & scratching; excoriated papules, fibrotic papules & nodules & areas of hypo & hyperpigmentation |
eczema
acute subacute chronic |
|
_—extensive erosions w/serous exudate or by pruritic, erythematous papules & vesicles on a background of erythema
|
acute eczema
|
|
_—erythematous excoriated scaling papules that are grouped or scattered over erythematous skin
|
subacute eczema
|
|
_—thickened skin & increased skin marking (lichenification) secondary to rubbing & scratching; excoriated papules, fibrotic papules & nodules & areas of hypo & hyperpigmentation
|
chronic eczema
|
|
__: Development of very dry, thin skin & shallow ulcers of the LEs primarily from venous insufficiency. Often, pt has a hx of varicose veins or DVT.
Process begins w/edema as result of slowed venous return to the heart. Due to slow return, LE tissue becomes hypoxic from poor blood supplynecrosis may begin. S&S: itching, feeling of heaviness, hemosiderin staining & open shallow lesions (hard to heal due to lack of oxygenated blood). Use compression to treat. Apply compression gradually |
stasis dermatitis
|
|
_: Acute inflammation w/infection of skin & subcutaneous tissue. S. pyogens or staphylococcus is the usual cause in adults. Infection
Older adults, immunocompromised such as pts w/DM, malnutrition, receiving steroid therapy & presence of ulcers. Tendency of reoccurring especially at area of lymphatic obstruction. |
cellulitis
|
|
_: Usually occurs in loose tissue beneath skin on UE/LEs.
S&S: erythematous, edematous, tender & sometimes nodular. Erysipelas, surface _ of skin, affects upper dermis & has patches of skin that are red, painful w/sharply defined borders & feel hot to the touch. Red streaks extending from the patches indicate the lymph vessels are infected. IV antibiotics are the primary Rx. |
cellulitis x's 2
|
|
_ aka _: is a local dz brought about by the same virus that causes varicella (chickenpox)
Initial infection w/varicella is common in children _ may occur & reoccur at any age, peak incidence between 50-70 Pathogenesis: reactivation of varicella virus lying dormant in the cerebral ganglia of the CN. Factors associated w/recurrence are aging, immunosuppression & varicella @ a young age. |
herpes zoster
Aka shingles Shingles |
|
_: S&S: vesicular eruption occurs unilaterally in distribution of a dermatome supplied by the dorsal root or extramedullary CN sensory ganglion.
Usually seen on the trunk or along 5th CN. Starts w/pain, tingling along the affected spinal or CN dermatome along with fever, chills, malaise, & GI disturbances. Postherpetic neuralgia is pain in the area of recurrence that persists after the lesions have resolved. Pain varies from constant/intermittent & light/deep visceral sensation. |
herpes zoster
|
|
_: Caused by unrelieved pressure & results in damage to underlying tissue.
Usually occur over bony prominences: Heels, sacrum, ischial tuberosities, greater trochanters, elbows, scapula & are staged Incidence: 1.8 million—500,000 in SNF & 400,000 w/diabetic foot ulcers |
pressure ulcers
|
|
Causative factors for _: External pressure
Friction Shearing forces Maceration- prunish effect if it is too wet Decreased skin resilence Malnutrition Decreased circulation |
pressure ulcers
|
|
Concern with using arm bikes verses leg bikes- risk for _with pt. with a _ condition.
|
heart attack
CV |
|
pathogenesis for _:
_-> _-> _ Pressure reduces_ supply and _ drainage of affected area If pressure is relieved, a brief period of rebound capillary dilation (_) occurs & no tissue damage develops. If pressure is not relieved, the endothelial cells lining the capillaries become disrupted by platelet aggregation, forming microthrombi that _ blood flow & cause _ of surrounding tissue. |
pressure ulcer
pressure eschemia tissue necrosis blood supply & lymph drainage reactive hyperemia occlude anoxic necrosis |