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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes primary bloat |
Formation of a stable foam in the rumen Ingestion of high protein lucerne or clover High concentrate diet |
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What causes secondary bloat |
Mechanical or fuctional obstruction of the oesophagus leading to gaseous accumulation |
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What are the sequalae to bloat |
Rumen distended Hypoxic blood, clots poorly Congestion, oedema and subcut haemorrhage of head and neck |
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What causes acidosis |
Excess carbohydrate Increased gram positive cocci Increased VFA Lowered pH (lactic acid) |
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What would you see on PM of acidotic cow |
Ruminitis Microvesicles with neutrophils in the rumen epithelium May be focal ulceration and erosions Funghi colinising or bacteria |
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What may you culture from acidotic rumen or ruminitis |
Fusobacterium necrophorum Mucor/Rhizopus/Absidia |
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What occurs uppon reticulum penetration |
if object falls to floor of retiuclum, or forced into wall - retiulitis and mild peritonitis If penetrates cranial wall - pericarditis, pleurisy,pneumonia
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What is the sequalae to pericarditis |
Inflammatory processes around retiuculum - vagus indigestion and stasis |
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What is a sequalae to ruminitis |
Thromboembolic spread -> coagulative necrosis and abscessation of the liver |
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What are the 2 neoplasms of the rumen |
Papillomatosis Squamous cell carcinoma |
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What is pyloric stenosis |
hypertrophy or pyloric muscle - delayed gastric emptying - persistant vomiting/regurgitation |
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When does herniation of the stomach through the diaphragm occur |
Congenital or RTA |
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What is the most common form of abomasal displacement |
LDA |
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What causes GDV |
Common in deep chested dogs Excercise post feeding / aerophagia Distension of the stomach and increased pressure on thoracic viscera/vessels Stomach and spleen rotate on long axis Oesophagus occuluded |
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What is the sequalae to GDV |
Venous return and oesophagus occluded Congestion Oedema Necrosis of gastric mucosa Rupture |
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What causes haemorrhagic gastritis |
Clostridial disease |
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Clostridium septicum causes |
Acid necrotising abomasitis |
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What causes hypertropgic gastritis |
Chronic - retention of fluid and bile reflux Ostertagiasis |
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What is the result of chronic hypertrophic gastritis in dogs |
Thickening of the rugae Epithelial hyperplasia |
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What is the result of ostertagiasis |
Encysted larvae form mucosal nodules to give a cobblestone appearence Loss of parietal chief cells Chronic inflammation Lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils influx in response to larvae |
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What is the result of atrophic gastritis |
Mucosal thinning Loss of gastric glands |
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What is the pathogenesis of ulceration |
Hypersecretion of acid and impaired mucosal barrier Pepsin and acid cause necrosis Leading to erosion Erosion of BV = haemorrhage |
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Cause of ulcers in dogs |
Mast cell tumour NSAIDs Azotaemia Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (pancreatic gastin secreting tumour) Cirrosis Bile reflux |
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Causes of gastric ulcers in pigs |
Weaned growers and feeders - change to food Finely ground feeds Non glandular affects |
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Causes of gastric ulcers in horses |
Non glandular area - margo plicatus Stress Nsaids |
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Causes of abomasal ulcers in cattl |
Management Change of feed Infectious agents |
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What are the neoplasms of the glandular stomach |
Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma GI stromal tumours - spindle cell Lymphoma |
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What causes this Outline the pathogenesis of this disease |
Mycotic rumenitis - mucosal damage by acidosis Mucosa is colonised by bacteria or in this case funghi These can then cause ruminitis and invade the blood vessels - which you are seeing here Emboli travel to distant sites |
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What is this and what is it a sequalae of |
Rumen squamous cell carcinoma Caused by coinfection with BPV and bracken fern (both co carcinogenic) Progress from papilloma to this |
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Trichobezoar |
hairball |
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phytobezoar |
plant material ball |
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This is a dairy cow post partum what is it and what is the most likely DIRECTION |
Left displaced abomasum! |
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What predisposes to this |
Large Deep chested dogs Post feedin aerophagia |
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Evidence of antemortem gastric rupture |
Haemorrhage and peritonitis |
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Rugal hypertrophy |
Chronic gastritis |
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Acute or chonic? Agent Histology? |
Chronic Ostertagiasis lymphocyes, eosinophils, plasma cells |
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Acute or chonic? Agent
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Acute Ostertagiassis |
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L4 in dilated gland Gland hyperplasia Loss or parietal cells
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Where is the ulcer in this horse stomach? |
Margo plicatus - glandular- nonglandular junction |
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Adenocarcinoma Primary Malignant |
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Leiomyoma Primary Benign |
