Pathology Lecture 8: Neoplasia I

Front 1

Sarcoma

Back 1

a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal cell origin

Front 2

Dysplasia

Back 2

abnormal proliferation of cell characterized by nuclear enlargement, and failure of maturation and differentiation, short of malignancy

Front 3

Pleomorphism

Back 3

variations in the size shape, and staining characteristics of nuclei, cytoplasm, and the cell itself

Front 4

Carcinoma in situ

Back 4

-full thickness dysplasia from basement membrane to surface epithelium
-NO INVASION of underlying CT

Front 5

Anaplasia

Back 5

loss of differentiation
-anaplastic cells appear primitive and are unrecognizable as normal constituent cells of a particular tissue

Front 6

Choristoma

Back 6

-a small non-neoplastic area of normal tissue misplace within another organ, such as pancreatic tissue w/in the wall of the stomach

Front 7

Hamartoma

Back 7

Non-noplastic, disorganized, tumor-like overgrowth of cells normally found w/ in the affected organ
-ex.) hemangioma which is an irregular accumulation of blood vessels

Front 8

Carcinoid tumor

Back 8

tumors that originate in the neuroendocrine cells of the GI tract, resp tract, hepatobiliary system and the gonads

Front 9

What are some biological properties of benign tumors?

Back 9

1. Cells resemble normal cells (well differentiated)
2. Few mitoses
3. Growth usually expansive
4. Slow growth rate
5. May cease growing
6. Encapsulated & nonmetastic

Front 10

What are some biological properties of malignant tumors?

Back 10

1. abnormal cells
2. mitoses relatively common
3. invasive and rapid growth rate
4. Rarely ceases growing/encaps
5. Freq/harmful metastasis

Front 11

What are some common tumors based upon Epithelial origin?

SGRURLP

Back 11

1. Stratified squamous
2. Glandular
3. Respiratory
4. UT
5. Renal
6. Liver
7. Placental

Front 12

Tumors of Stratified squamous epi

Back 12

1. Papilloma (benign)
2. squamous cell carcinoma
3. basal cell carcinoma

Front 13

Tumors of glandular epi

Back 13

Benign: adenoma, papillary adenoma

Malig: adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma

Front 14

Tumors of Respiratory Epi

Back 14

bronchogenic carcinoma (malignant)

Front 15

Tumors of UT Epi

Back 15

Benign:
- transitional cell papilloma

Malignant:
-transitional cell carcinoma

Front 16

Tumors of Renal Epi

Back 16

Benign
-renal tubular adenoma

Malignant
-renal cell carcinoma

Front 17

Tumors of Liver epi

Back 17

Benign
-liver cell adenoma

Malignant
-hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 18

Tumors of Placental epi

Back 18

Benign
-hydatiform mole

Malignant
-choriocarcinoma

Front 19

Classification of tumors of mesenchymal cell origin

Back 19

1. Blood cells
2. Endothelial cells
3. Mesothelium
4. CT cells
5. Muscle

Front 20

Tumors of blood cells

Back 20

Malignant:
leukemias and lymphomas

Front 21

Tumors of blood vessels

Back 21

Benign
-hemangioma

Malignant
-angioscarcoma

Front 22

Tumors of Lymph vessels

Back 22

Benign
-lymphangioma

Malignant
-lymphangiosarcoma

Front 23

Tumors of mesothelium

Back 23

Malignant:
-mesothelioma

Front 24

Tumors of Fibrous tissues

Back 24

Benign
fibroma

Malignant
-fibrosarcoma

Front 25

Tumors of Adipose tissue

Back 25

Benign
-lipoma

Malignant
-liposarcoma

Front 26

Tumors of cartilage

Back 26

Benign
-chondroma

Malignant
-chondrosarcoma

Front 27

Tumors of bone

Back 27

Benign
-osteoma

Malignant
-osteosarcoma

Front 28

Tumors of smooth muscle

Back 28

Benign
-leiomyoma

Malignant
-leiomyosarcoma

Front 29

Tumors of Striated muscle

Back 29

Benign
-rhabdomyoma

Malignant
-rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 30

Tumors of salivary glands (mixed tumors)

Back 30

Benign
-pleomorphic adenoma

Malignant
-malignant mixed tumor

Front 31

Tumor of Kidney (mixed tumor)

Back 31

Malignant:
Wilm's tumor

Front 32

Classification based on more than one cell type derived from more than one germ cell layer (teratogenous tumors)

Back 32

Benign
-benign teratoma

Malignant
-teratocarcinoma

Front 33

What are the top 10 cancers based on incidence?

Back 33

1. Lung and bronchus
2. Prostate 3. Breast
4. Colon and rectum
5. Urinary bladder
6. Melanoma
7. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
8. Kidney and renal pelvis
9. Uterus 10. Leukemia

Front 34

What are the most common environmental factors that lead to cancer? (Account for 75-80% of cancer cases and deaths in the US)

Back 34

1. Tobacco use (30%)
2. Poor nutrition 3. Inactivity
4. Obesity (2-4 = 35% of cases)
5. Certain infectious agents
6. Certain medical treatments
7. Sunlight
8. Cancer causing agents in food, workplace (4%), pollutants (2%)