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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What kind of immunity dominates acute inflammation? What cells are most prominent?
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*Innate immunity
*Neutrophils |
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What kind of immunity dominates chronic inflammation What cell types are most prominent?
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*cell-mediated immunity
*mononuclear cells (lymphs, plasma cells, monos) |
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Which has a more prominant vascular response - chronic or acute inflammation?
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Acute inflammation
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Name 3 causes of acute inflammation.
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1. Microbial infection
2. Tissue necrosis 3. Physical agents (heat, cold, trauma) 4. Chemical irritants 5. Immune-mediated hypersensivity |
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Name 3 causes of chronic inflammation.
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1. Persistent tissue injury
2. Resistant microorganisms 3. Foreign bodies 4. Autoimmune disorders 5. Primary granulomatous disease |
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Name 3 outcomes of inflammation.
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1. Abscess
2. Persistent inflammation 3. Resolution 4. Fibrosis |
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What are the four signs of acute inflammation listed by Celsus?
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1. Rubor - redness
2. Tumor - swelling 3. Calor - heat 4. Dolor - pain |
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One of the major manifestations of acute inflammation is its effects on vasculature. What are these effects?
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*arteriolar dilation
*increased pressure in arterioles and veins *increased permeability *decreased oncotic pressure due to protein leakage *extravasation of fluid |
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What is the difference between effusion and edema?
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*edema: fluid in extravascular compartment and interstitium
*effusion: fluid in body cavities |
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Name one way that vascular permeability increases in acute inflammation.
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Endothelial cells contract to allow gaps.
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What is transudate? What is its specific gravity?
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*Edema fluid with a low protein count
*<1.015 |
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What is exudate? What is its specific gravity?
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*edema fluid with a high protein count
*>1.015 |
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There are three kinds of exudate - what are they?
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1. Serous exudate - acellular
2. Fibrinous exudate - high fibrin content 3. Purulent exudate - high cell content |
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Suppurative inflammation features purulent exudate with ________.
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liquefactive necrosis (pus)
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What are two actions of plasmin?
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1. Induces fibrinolysis
2. Activates complement |
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Name three cell-derived mediators of edema.
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1. Arachidonic acid metabolites
2. Platelet activating factor 3. serotonin 4. histamine 5. prostacyclin |
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What occurs in the second phase of acute inflammation?
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accumulation of leukocytes
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What are the 4 steps of inflammatory cell recruitment?
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1.Margination
2.Adherence 3.Emigration 4.Chemotaxis or haptotaxis |
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The initial recruitment of what cell type is dependent on the presence of chemotaxins C5a and LTB4?
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Neutrophils
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Name two molecules that allow adhesion of inflammatory cells to vascular endothelium.
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1.B2-integrins
2.ICAM-1 |
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What is the difference between haptotaxis and chemotaxis?
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Haptotaxis involves migration along a fixed insoluble chemokine gradient.
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What are the main bacteriocidal substances inside neutrophils?
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Activated oxygen species (superoxide anion, H2O2, other radicals)
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Name two diseases caused in part by acute inflammation.
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*rheumatoid arthritis
*emphysema |
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T/F:
Acute and chronic inflammation are usually mutually exclusive. |
False: The time frames of chronic and acute inflammation usually overlap.
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What respiratory bacterial pathogen frequently causes chronic inflammation?
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Mycobacterium (TB)
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