Pathology: Hemodynamic Disorders

Front 1

edema can be caused by elevated ___ or low ___

Back 1

hydrostatic pressure
intravascular oncotic pressure

Front 2

examples of increased hydrostatic pressure (3)

Back 2

DVT
CHF
lymphatic obstruction

Front 3

examples of reduced oncotic pressure (3)

Back 3

nephrotic syndrome
cirrhosis
malnutrition

Front 4

causes of lymphatic obstruction (5)

Back 4

inflammatory
neoplastic
postsurgical scarring
postradiation scarring
parasite

Front 5

causes of pulmonary edema (3)

Back 5

LHF
renal failure
RDS

Front 6

T/F: edema from CHF is more severe than from renal failure

Back 6

false: renal is more severe and generalized

Front 7

brain edema may be ___ or ___. one effect is ___

Back 7

local
generalized
herniation through foramen magnum

Front 8

micro sign of pulmonary congestion (2)

Back 8

thickened, fibrotic septa
macrophages with hemosiderin ("heart failure cells")

Front 9

healthy adults can rapidly lose up to ___% of blood volume with little effect

Back 9

20

Front 10

an ecchymosis is typically ___ in diameter, and is initially colored ___ from ___. The it is colored ___ from ___, and then ___ from ___.

Back 10

1--2 cm
red-blue
Hb
blue-green
bilirubin
gold-brown
hemosiderin

Front 11

virchow's triad

Back 11

endothelial injury
abnormal flow
hypercoagulability

Front 12

arterial thrombi grow ___ with respect to blood flow; venous thrombi grow ___

Back 12

against
with flow

Front 13

90% of the time, venous thrombi are in ___

Back 13

lower extremities

Front 14

a thrombus contains (4)

Back 14

platelets
fibrin
RBCs
leukocytes

Front 15

venous thromboses predispose to ___

Back 15

infection

Front 16

___% of PEs originate from DVT. ___% are asymptomatic and undergo ___. death, ___ or ___ occur when ___% of circulation is obstructed.

Back 16

95
60-80
organization
RHF
cardiovascular collapse
60

Front 17

T/F: Obstruction of medium-sized arteries causes infarction.

Back 17

false: only hemorrhage, except if already in LHF

Front 18

Obstruction of ___ usually causes infarction.

Back 18

small arteriolar branches

Front 19

sources for systemic thromboembolism (4)

Back 19

intracardiac mural thrombi (80%)
aortic aneurysm
atherosclerotic plaque
valvular vegetation

Front 20

destinations for systemic thromboembolism

Back 20

lower extremities (75%)
brain

Front 21

fat emboli come from

Back 21

long bone fracture
soft tissue trauma
burn

Front 22

___% of fat emboli have clinical findings

Back 22

10