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65 Cards in this Set
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9 year old boy, generalized seborrheic skin eruption and fever. Treated previously for otitis media. Mild lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly. EM shows rodlike tubular Birbeck granules. What is the diagnosis
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Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Skin eruptions, organomegaly, and lesion in the mastoid suggest infiltrates in multiple organs. Most often seen in children. Exophthalmos occurs in 50%. Hypothalamus and pituitary stalk involvement leads to diabetes insipidus (Hand-Schuller-Christian disease)
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67 year old male with increasing weakness, fatigue, weight loss over five months. Decreasing vision, headaches and dizziness. Hands sensitive to cold. Generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly. Hyperproteinemia, protein 15.5, albumin 3.2. Marrow infiltrated with small plasmacytoid lymphoid cells with Russell bodies in their cytoplasm. What will likely be found in the patient's serum
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Monoclonal IgM spike. Syptoms consistent with hyperviscosity syndrome, including visual disturbances, dizziness, and headaches. Has Raynaud phenomenon. Russell bodies are stored immunoglobulins in the cytoplasm. The patient has lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia). Neoplastic B cells differentiate to IgM producing cells. IgM molecules can agglutinate at low temperatures. Typically no leukemic phase
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37 year old woman with cough and fever of one week's duration. Temp 38.3. Diffuse crackles in all lung fields. Chest radiograph shows bilateral extensive infiltrates. WBC 56,000 with 63% seg neut, 15% bands, 6% metamyelocytes, 3% myelocytes, 1% blasts, 8% lymphocytes, 2% monocytes, 2% eosinophils. Peripheral blood leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score is increased. What is the most likely diagnosis
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Leukemoid reaction. Marked leukocytosis and immature myeloid cells in the peripheral blood can represent an exaggerated response to infection (leukemoid reaction) or can be a manifestation of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score is high in the more differentiated cell population seen in reactive leukocytosis.
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What is hairy cell leukemia accompanied by in peripheral blood
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Leukocytes that mark with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
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Will a low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score indicate Leukemoid reaction or CML
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CML. CML will also have the Philadelphia chromosome
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12 year old boy with abdominal distension and pain for three days. 7cm mass in the region of the ileocecal valve. Intermediate sized lymphoid cells, with nuclei having coarse chromatin, several nucleoli, many mitoses. Negative bone marrow biopsy. t(8:14). 40% cells in S phase. Tumor shrinks dramatically with chemotherapy. Diagnosis?
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Burkitt Lymphoma. Seen sporadically in young children, Africa, and HIV. Associated with translocations of MYC on chr8. Sporadic cases negative for EBV (Africa, HIV are positive). Typically extranodal
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53 year old man with enlarged, nontender supraclavicular lymph node and enlargement of the Waldeyer ring of oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue. No hepatosplenomegaly. CBC normal, mild anemia. Lymph node shows replacement by a monomorphous population of large lymphoid cells with enlarged nuclei and prominent nucleoli. CD19+, CD10+, CD3-, CD15-, TdT-. Diagnosis?
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Occurs in older persons and frequently manifests as localized disease with extranodal involvement, particularly the Waldeyer ring. CD19+10+ indicates B cells.
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How does small lymphocytic lymphoma present
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Widespread lymphadenopathy, liver and spleen enlargement, and lymphocytosis.
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50 year old man with headache and dizziness +3 months. Generalized and severe pruritis. Dark stools. Afebrile, BP 165/90. No hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Stool has occult blood. Hg 22.3, Hct 67.1, MCV 94, platelets 453,000, WBC 7800. Diagnosis?
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Polycythemia vera, a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an increase RBC mass, with hematocrit concentration exceeding 60%. Results from transformation of of a multipotent stem cell. Pruritis and peptic ulceration result from histamine release from basophils.
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50 year old man underwent chemotherapy seven years ago. Now reports fatigue and recurrent pulmonary and urinary tract infections. No masses, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly. Hg 8.7, hct 25.2, MCV 88, platelets 67,000, WBC 2300, 15% neutr, 5% bands, 2% metamyelocytes, 2% myelocytes, 6% myeloblasts, 33% lymphocytes, 35% monocytes, 2% eosinophils. 90% cellularity of bone marrow with many imature cells, including ringed sideroblasts, megaloblasts, hypolobated megakaryocytes, myeloblasts. 5q deletion in many cells. Diagnosis?
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Myelodysplasia related to therapy for the previous tumor. Myelodysplasia is characterized by cellular marrow in which there are maturation defects in multiple lineages. Supported by presence of ringed sideroblasts, megaloblasts, abnormal megakaryocytes, and myeloblast in the marrow. 5q is a marker of post-therapy myelodysplasia
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63 year old woman experiences burning sensation in hands and feet. Two months ago had an episode of swelling with tenderness in the right leg, followed by dyspnea and right-sided chest pain. Sleen and liver are enlarged. Hg 13.3, Ht 40.1, MCV 91, platelet 657,000, WBC 17,400. Peripheral blood smear shows abnormally large platelets. Diagnosis?
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Essential thrombocythemia. As will all myeloproliferative diseases, essential thrombocythemia occurs in a myeloid stem cell. Throbbing, burning pain caused by platelet aggregates that occlude small arterioles. Swelling in the leg represents phlebothrombosis, followed by pulmonary embolism with infarction
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9 year old boy in Uganda with increasing pain and swelling on right side of face for 8 months. large, nontender mas involving the mandible, which deforms the right side of his face. No lymphadenopathy or spleneomegaly, afebrile. Intermediate sized lymphocytes with a high mitotic rate. t(8;14) karyotype. What is he infected by
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EBV. Has endemic African variety of Burkitt lymphoma, a B-cell lymphoma that typically appears in the maxilla or mandible of the jaw.
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23 year old man undergoing chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia develops fever and ab pain for one week. Now has severe cought. Temp 38.4, crackles over all lung fields. Hg 12.8, hemat 39, MCV 90, platelet 221,000, WBC 16,475, 51% neut, 5% bands, 18% lymph, 8% mono, 18% eosinophils. What type of organism has infected him
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Parasite. The eosinophilia suggests a parasitic infestation. Immunocompromised persons can have superinfection and dissemination with strongyloidiasis
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61 year old man with history of back pain +5 months. Productive cough with yellow sputum. Febrile, diffuse rales. No lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly. Culture grew Streptococcus pneumoniae. Serum Creatinine 3.7, urea nitro 35. Skull radiograph shows typical punched-out lytic lesionsWhat will a bone marrow biopsy show
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Numerous plasma cells. This patient has multiple myeloma, which produces mass lesions of plasma cells in bone that leads to lysis and pain. Bone lesions produced by expanding masses of plasma cells. Bence Jones proteinuria can damage the tubules and give rise to renal failure. Often have infections with encapsulated bacteria because of decreased production of IgG
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26 year old man with noted lumps in his neck that have been enlarging for 6 months. Group of enlarged, nontender right cervical lymph nodes. Scattered Reed-Sternberg cells, as well as macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and a few plasma cells. What factor elaborated by the Reed-Sternberg cells has led to the appearance of the eosinophils within this lesion
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Interleukin-5, which acts as an eosinophilic chemotactic factor to form an eosinophilic cellular component of the mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosis types of Hodgkin lymphoma.
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53 year old woman experienced nausea with vomiting and early satiety for 7 months. Afebrile, no lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Hg 12.9, hct 41.9, platelet 263,000, WBC 8430. Loss of the rugal folds of the stomach over the fundus. Helicobacter pylori found. Mucosal and submucosal monomorphous infiltrates of small lymphocytes, CD19+20+3-. Condition improves with treatment of H. pylori. What is the diagnosis
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MALT (marginal zone) lymphoma. Arise in middle aged adults at sites of autoimmune or infectious stimulation. Most common sites are thyroid (Hashimoto thyroiditis), salivary glands (Sjogren syndrome), Stomach (H pylori). Can transform to DLBCL. Cells correspond to the marginal B cells found at the periphery of stimulated lymphoid follicles.
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18 month child wil seborrheic skin eruptions. Recurrent upper respiratory and middle ear infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Hepatosplenomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy. 2 cm lytic lesion involving the right temporal bone. No anemia, thrombocytopenia, or leukopenia. Mass is curetted. What will be seen on microscopic exam of the mass
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Histiocystes with Birbeck granules. The child has Letterer-Siwe dieases, a form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Birbeck granules are a distictive feature found in the cytoplasm of Langerhans cells.
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Lymphoblasts that mark as T cells are seen in anterior mediastinal (thymic) masses in children with what disease
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
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When are Reed-Sternberg cells seen
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Hodgkin disease
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When are Ringed sideroblasts seen
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Myelodysplastic syndromes
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When are Sezary cells seen
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Peripheral T-cell lymphoma/leukemias, which often involve the skin
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50 year old woman with 3 month history of fatigue and dizziness. Recent syncopal episodes. Afebrile, BP 115/75. Marked pallor but no hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Hg 6.6, hct 19.9, platelet 199,800, WBC 4780, reticulocyte 0.1%. MCV, MCHC, serum ferritin normal. Bone marrow shows normal cellularity, but the cells of the erythroid series, such as pronormoblasts, normoblasts, and later stages are greatly reduced. Other elements are normal in number and differentiation. Diagnosis
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Thymoma. Patient has a rare disorder called pure RBC aplasia, characterized by selective suppression of the erythroid lineage in the bone marrow. Sometime associated with thymic tumor.
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46 year old man with increasingly ruddy complexion for 4 months. Increasing fatigue. Afebrile, spleen tip palpable. Hg 21.3 hct 63.9, platelet 376,000, WBC 9210. Erythropoietin level is low What condition will produce this finding
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Polycythemia vera. One of the myeloproliferative disorders, a neoplastic disorder of myeloid stem cells, which tend to differentiate predominantly along the erythroid lineage, giving rise to polycythemia. Require only small amounts of erythropoietin for survival.
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41 year old man with fevers with chills and rigors for two weeks. Temp 39.2. Hg 13.9, hct 40.5, MCV 93, platelet 210,000, WBC 13,750, 75% seg neutr, 10% bands, 10% lymph, 5% mono. Bone marrow shows hypercellularity with a marked increase in myeloid precursors at all stages of maturation and in band neutrophils. What condition would cause this
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Chronic infections and chronic inflammatory conditions, such as a lung abscess. Can lead to expansion of the myeloid precursor pool in the bone marrow. Manifests as neutrophilc leukocytosis.
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What drug can increase the release of marrow storage pool cells and diminish extravasation of neutrophils into tissues
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Glucocorticoids
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37 year old man infected with HIV, admitted for ab pain +3 days. Ab distention and absent bowel sounds. Mass lesion involving the ileum. Firm, white mass infiltrated through the wall of the ileum. CD19+ lymphoid cells with prominent nuclei and nucleoli. What will be the viral genomes in the lymphoid cells
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EBV. This patient has an extranodal infiltrative mass, made up of B cells. This is DLBCL. Tumors contain the EBV genome; immunosuppresion allows unregulated proliferation and neoplastic transformation.
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What microorganism will be found in the spindle cells of Kaposi sarcoma and in body cavity B-cell lymphomas in patients with AIDS
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Human herpesvirus type 8 (Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus)
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What microbe causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
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Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1
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70 year old man experiencing increasing fatigue for 6 months. Nontender axillary and cervical lymphadenopathy; no hepatosplenomegaly. Hg 9.5, Hct 28, MCV 90, platelet 120,000, WBC 42,000. Monotonous population of small, round, mature-looking lymphocytes. CD19+5+Tdt-. What will likely be seen with cytogenetic analysis of the cells in the patient's blood
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Clonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes. The patient has chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a clonal B-cell neoplasia in which immunoglobulin genes are rearranged and T cell receptor genes are in germline configuration.
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What is t(9;22) a feature of
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Chronic myeloid leukemia
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What is the t(8;14) translocation typical in
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Burkitt lymphoma
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The t(14;18) translocation is a feature of what
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Follicular lymphomas, which are distinctive B-cell tumors that involve the nodes and produce a follicular pattern. The lymphoma cells can be present in blood, but they do not look like mature lymphocytes
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69 year old woman with increasing back pain for 1 month. Tenderness but no kyphosis or scoliosis. Tartial collapse of T11 and severaly lytic lesions with a rounded soap-bubble appearance in vertebrae. What characteristic feature will the laboratory find
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Bence-Jones protiens in the urine from her multiple myeloma. The bone lesions result from bone destruction mediated by RANKL, a cytokine produced by the myeloma cells that activates osteoclasts
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33 year old woman with generalized fatigue and night sweats for three months. Nontender right cervical lymphadenopathy. Microscopic pattern of thick bands of fibrous connective tissue with intervening lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and occasional Reed-Sternberg cells. What is the subtype and stage
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Nodular sclerosis, stage 1. The bands of fibrosis are typical of the nodular sclerosis type, commonly seen in young females. One lymph node involvement means stage 1.
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15 year old boy with 10 day fever. Scattered petechial hemorrhages on trunck and extremeties. No enlargement of liver, spleen, or lymph nodes. Hg 13.2, hct 38.9, MCV 93, platelet 175,000, WBC 1850, 1% seg neut, 98% lymph, 1% mono. No abnormal bone marrow. Diagnosis?
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Overwhelming bacterial infection. The major finding is marked granulocytopenia
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7 year old boy with pain in right side of groin for past week. Painful, swollen lymph nodes in the right inguinal region. Node has large, variably sized, germinal centers contatin tingible body macrophages and numerous mitotic figures. Numerous parafollicular and sinusoidal neutrophils. What caused this
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Acute lymphadenitis. Painful and acute enlarged nodes suggest a reactive condition and not a neoplastic process. Common in children.
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15 year old boy with cough and high fever +4 days. Diffuse rales. Hg 14.8, hc 44.4, platelet 496,000, WBC 15,600. RBCs show marked anisocytosis and Howell-Jolly bodies. Culture grows Haemophilus influenzae. Diagnosis?
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Prior splenectomy. This reduces immunity to encapsulated bacterial organisms. Spleen removes RBCs and removes inclusions such as Howell-Jolly bodies. Normally one third of platelets are sequestered in the spleen, and granulocytes are marginated in splenic sinusoids.
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What does DiGeorge syndrome lead to
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Cell-mediated immunodeficiency and increased viral, fungal, and parasitic diseases
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69 year old man with lumps in the right side of his neck. Firm, nontender posterior cervical lymph nodes. Skin is intact and not erythematous. What will be the best evidence of malignant lymphoma of this node?
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All lymphoid neoplasms are derived from a singel transformed cell and are therefore monoclonal. Presence of lymphoid cells positive for kappa, but not lambda, light chains could be seen.
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4 year old listless for 1 week. Complains of pain, demonstrates irritability when his arms or legs are touched. Several large ecchymoses on right thigh and left shoulder. Hg 10.2, hct 30.5, MCV 96, platelet 45,000, WBC 13,990. Blasts that lack peroxidase positive granules but contain PAS positive aggregates and stain positively for TdT. CD19+3-sIg-. Diagnosis?
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Findings are characteristic of a childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the pre-B cell type. Rapid expansion of marrow can lead to bone pain and tenderness.
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49 year old woman with increasing weakness and chest pain over six months. Motor strenght dimisished with repetitive movement. Lab studies normal. Anterior mediastinal mass is removed, but it is difficult because if infiltrates surrounding structures. Composes of large, spindled, atypical epithelial cells mixed with lymphoid cells. Diagnosis
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Malignant thymoma. Can present with myasthenia gravis
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62 year old man with fever and weight loss over six months. Nontender lymphadenopathy, palpable spleen tip. Hg 10.1, Hct 30.3, platelet 140,000 WBC 24,500, 10% seg neut, 1% bands, 86% lymph, 3% mono. Lymph node shows nodular pattern of small lymphoid cells. Marrow shows infiltrates of similar small cells; CD5+10-. t(11:14). Diagnosis?
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Mantel cell lymphoma. Has t(11:14) translocation, which activates the cyclin D1 (BCL1) gene
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45 year old mane with recurrent fevers and weight loss for 5 months. Has cervical lymphadenopathy that become tender after a 6pack of beer. Effacement of the modal architecture by a population of small lymphocytes, plasma cell, eosinophils, and macrophages. What other cell, that stains CD15+, will be found
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Reed Sternberg cell. The patient has Hodgkin lymphoma, mixed cellularity type, which affects older men. Pain with alcohol consumption is a paraneoplastic phenomenon peculiar to Hodgkin disease
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23 year old woman develops skin rash when outside. Has malar skin rash. Positive ANA test, titer 1:1024 with rim pattern. Positive anti-double-stranded DNA test. Hg 12.1, hct 35.5, MCV 89, platelets 109,000, WBC 4500. What would be seen in a WBC differential count
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Monocytosis. The patient has SLE, which can be accompanied by monocytosis.
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When is eosinophilia typically seen
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Allergic reaction, parasitic infections, Chronic myelogenous leukemia
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Abnormal plasma cells that tend to retain the ability to secrete immunogloulins is characteristic of what
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Multiple myeloma
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Cells are found that have the BCR-ABL fusion gene from the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;11). The presence of this gene results in increased tyrosine kinase activity. What condition is this indicative of
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia. This is the Philadelphia chromosome
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64 year old man has inguinal, axillary, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Nodes firm and nontender. Nodular aggregates of small, cleaved lymphoid cells and larger cells with open nuclear chromatin, several nucleoli, and moderate amounts of cytoplasm. Marrow reveals similar cells CD10+5-. t(14;18). Diagnosis
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Follicular lymphoma. Neoplastic B cells mimic a populatino of follicular center cells and hece produce a nodular or follicular pattern. Nodal involvement is often generalized, but extranodal involvement is uncommon. t(14;18) causes overexpression of BCL2
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Many promyelocytes containing prominent aqurophilic granules and short, red, cytoplasmic rodlike inclusions calld Auer rods is characteristic of what
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Acute promyelocytic leukemia. Will have t(15;17), with elaboration of abnormal retinoic acid receptor. Release of the granules can trigger DIC
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Lymph nodes draining tissues involved by epithelial cancers are characteristics of type of chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis
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Sinus Histiocytosis (Reticular Hyperplasia)
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41 year old man with several bouts of pneumonia over the past year. Vague ab pain and dragging sensation. Marked splenomegaly. Hg 8.2, hct 24.6, MCV 90, platelet 63,000, WBC 2400. Small leukocytes with reniform nuclei and pale blue cytoplasm with threadlike extensions. Chest xray shows patchy infiltrates. Culture grows Mycobacterium Kansasii. Diagnosis?
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Hairy cell leukemia, uncommon neoplastic disorder of B cells. Cells infiltrate spleen and marrow, resulting in pancytopenia. Two characteristics: Hairy projections from neoplastic leukocytes in peripheral blood smear and coexpression of B cell (CD19Cd20) and monocyte (CD11c) markers
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7 year old boy with severe headache for one week. Tenderness on palpation of long bones, hepatosplenomegaly, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Petechial hemorrhages are present on the skin. Hg 8.8, hct 26.5, platelet 34,700, WBC 14,800. Bone marrow almost complete replacement by a populatio of large cells with scant cytoplasm lacking granules, delicate nuclear chromatin, and rare nucleoli. Cure with chemo. Diagnosis?
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These are early pre-B cells that are absent the IgM heavy chain (u chain)
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51 year old man visits because skin of face, neck and trunk have become scaly red. Intense itching and mild weight loss. Generalized exfoliative erythroderma. Generalized nontender lymphadenopathy. WBC 7940, 57% seg neut, 3% bands, 26% lymphocytes, 5% mono, 9% eosin. Boipsy shows lymphoid cells in the upper dermis and epidermis. Cerebriform nuclei with marked infolding of nuclear membrane. Diagnosis?
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Involvement of skin and the presence of lymphocytes with complex cerebriform nuclei in the skin and blood are features of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Do not confuse this with mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome.
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65 year old man with fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, ab discomfort. Marked spleenomegaly, no lymphadenopathy. Hg 10, Hct 30, MCV 89, platelet 94,000, WBC 14,750, 55% neutr, 9% bands, 20% lymph, 8% mono, 4% meta, 3% myel, 1% eosin, 2 retic. Blood smear shows tear drop cells. Uric acid 12. Extensive marrow fibrosis and clusters of atypical megakaryocytes. Diagnosis?
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Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Neoplastic megakaryocytes secrete fibrogenic factors leading to marrow fibrosis. Extramedullary hematopoieses then takes place in the spleen
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60 year old man with vague ab discomfort with bloating and diarrhea +6 months. Midab firm mass. Stool positive for occult blood. Mass involves the distal ileum and adjacent mesentery. Composed of sheets of large lymphoid cels with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, frequent mitoses. CD19+20+, BCL6 rearrangement. Diagnosis?
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Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Aggressive, but can be cured aggressively. Often involves extranodal sites, show large anaplastic lymphoid cells that involve the tissues diffusely.
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45 year old man with weight loss, weakness, anorexia, fatigability +7 months. Splenomegaly. Hg 12.9, hct 38.1, MCV 92, platelets 410,000, WBC 168,000. Ph1 chromosome present. Diagnosis
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia. Evolution of the disease is mainly along B-cell lines
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14 year old boy with chest pain +5 days. Generalized lymphadenopathy. Clear lungs, mass in anterior mediastinum. Lymphoid cells with lobulated nuclei have delicate, finely stippled, nuclear chromatin. Scant cytoplasm, many mitoses. Express TdT, CD1,CD3, CD5. Diagnosis?
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Age and location are typical of lymphoblastic lymphoma involving the thymus
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60 year old woman with headaches and dizziness for 5 weeks. Mild spleenomegaly. Hg 21.7, hct 65%, platelet 400,000, WBC 30,000, 85% PMN leuk, 10% lymph, 5% mono. Smear has large platelets and nucleated RBCS. Erythropoietin undetectable, normal ferritin. Diagnosis
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Polycythemia vera. Can lead to onset of marrow fibrosis with extensive extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. 20% develops into myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia.
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60 year old woman with headaches and dizziness for 5 weeks. Mild spleenomegaly. Hg 21.7, hct 65%, platelet 400,000, WBC 30,000, 85% PMN leuk, 10% lymph, 5% mono. Smear has large platelets and nucleated RBCS. Erythropoietin undetectable, normal ferritin. Diagnosis
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Polycythemia vera. Can lead to onset of marrow fibrosis with extensive extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. 20% develops into myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia.
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Children with frequent infections lack CD1a, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8. What is the karyotypic abnormality
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22q11.2. These cells mark as cortical lymphocytes in the thymus of a child. An absence of such cells can be seen in the DiGeorge anomaly with 22q11.2. Such patients can also have hypoplasia and congenital heart disease
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Posterior meiastinal mass in 38 year old woman. Scattered large multinucleated cells, with prominent nucleoli that mark with CD15, and lymphocytes and macrophages separated by dense collagenous bands. What type of cell will be seen microscopically
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Lacunar cells. These together with CD15 Reed-Sternberg cells indicate Hodgkin lymphoma. Lacunar cells have multilobed nuclei containing many small nucleoli
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30 year old man with ulcerated, reddish-violet lesion on right forearm and nontender right axillary and left inguinal lymphadenopathy. Nodular left pleural mass. Right retroperitoneal mass. Large anaplastic cells, some of which contain horseshoe shaped nuclei and voluminous cytoplasm. Cells cluster around venules and infiltrate sinuses. Diagnosis?
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Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, a form of T cell neoplasm. Extranodal and 2p23 rearrangement resulting in production of anaplastic lymphoma kinase
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48 year old man has normal everything, except a small spike of gamma-globulin, which is IgG kappa. Plasma cells constitute 4% of bone marrow. Diagnosis?
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Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Characterized by presence of an M protein spike in the absence of any associated disease of B cells. Spike must be small, and Bence Jones proteinuria must be absent. Can progress to multiple myeloma in 20% of patients over 10-15 years
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It is most likely that Reed Sternberg cells are derived from what
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B cells. All RS cells will have clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements
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22 year female with fatigue +2 months. No hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Mucosal gingival hemorrhages are noted. CBC shows hg 9.5, hct 28.2, MCV 94, platelet 20,000, WBC 107,000. Marrow 100% cellular with few residual normal hematopoietic cells. Cells are large, with nuclei having delicate chromatin and several nuclei. The cytoplasm has azurophilic, peroxidase-positive granules. Diagnosis?
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Acute myelogenous leukemia. The high WBC count and the presence of peroxidase-positive blasts (myeloblasts) filling the marrow are characteristic of acute myelogenous leukemia
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