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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
True or false? Axons receive signals between neurons, anddendrites send out signals between neurons. |
False: The opposite is true. |
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True or false? Ependymal cells line the cerebral ventricles. |
True |
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In addition to the nervous system, what is the other primaryinternal communication system? |
Endocrine system |
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What cell type is responsible for making myelin in the centralnervous system? |
Oligodendrocytes |
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True or false? Every part of the brain has the same basicfunction as another part of the brain. |
False: Although true for other tissues, the brain has different functions in each area. |
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True or false? The cerebellum lies above the tentorium cerebelli. |
False: It lies below. |
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What structure in the brain is responsible for communicationbetween the cerebral hemispheres? |
Corpus callosum |
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In what layer of brain do the higher functions occur? |
The cortex |
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True or false? There are 32 pairs of spinal nerves. |
False: There are 31. |
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True or false? The sympathetic nervous response is also called“fight-or-flight” response. |
True |
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What are the two components of the autonomic nervous system(ANS)? |
Sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous systems |
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The ______ roots of the spinal nerves areresponsible for motor function, while the _______ roots of the spinalnerves are responsible for sensory function. |
Ventral, dorsal |
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True or false? Hydrocephalus ex vacuo is due to decreasedbrain volume, rather than increased CSF pressure. |
True |
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True or false? Hyponatremia causes cerebral edema. |
True, among other causes |
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What are the three main types of herniation of the brain? |
Subfalcine, tentorial, and tonsillar |
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Increased intracranial pressure can be seen during an eyeexam. What is the term for this finding? |
Papilledema |
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True or false? Most cases of cerebral palsy are due to prebirthconditions. |
True |
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Name two neural tube defects. |
Spina bifida, meningomyelocele |
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True or false? Most adults who have a seizure will haveanother one. |
False: Two-thirds will not have another. |
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True or false? A concussion is brain injury that lasts for a longperiod of time. |
False: It is a temporary injury |
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True or false? Contrecoup contusion occurs on the side of thebrain opposite the blunt force trauma. |
True |
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What are the three main types of intracranial bleeds? |
-Epidural hematoma, -Subdural hematoma -Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
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True or false? Transient ischemic attacks last only minutes orhours. |
True |
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Hypertension is most closely associated with which type ofintracranial bleed? |
Intracerebral hemorrhage |
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True or false? Twenty percent (20%) of the population hassaccular aneurysms but only a small portion develop bleeding. |
False: 2% |
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Global hypoxia of the brain can lead to______________, a type of damage that occurs after restoration ofblood supply. |
laminar cortical necrosis |
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True or false? Brain abscesses can come from infected sinuses. |
True |
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Viral infections can occur in the CNS; for example, thetemporal lobes are infected by ______________, while the brainstemmotor neurons are infected by ____________. |
herpesvirus,poliovirus |
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What two groups are especially at risk for developingmeningococcal meningitis and should get a vaccine to help prevent the disease? |
-College freshmen -Military recruits |
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True or false? Prions, like viruses, have DNA or RNA. |
False: Prions are only protein. |
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True or false? Oligodendrocytes produce myelin. |
True |
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True or false? Multiple sclerosis affects mostly men. |
False: Women are more likely to be affected. |
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What is the rare demyelinating disorder caused by rapidcorrection of hyponatremia? |
Central pontine myelinolysis |
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What substance causes brain injury in Wilson’s disease? |
Copper |
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Give two examples of lysosomal storage disorders. |
Gaucher’s, Hurler’s, Tay-Sach’s, Niemann-Pick’s |
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True or false? PKU is treated by lifelong restriction ofphenylalanine. |
True |
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True or false? Hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis from diabetescan cause neurologic symptoms including coma. |
True |
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True or false? Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause ofadult dementia. |
True |
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What diagnosis is generally made before the onset ofAlzheimer’s disease? |
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) |
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True or false? Parkinson’s is caused by degeneration ofneurons in the cortex. |
False: Basal ganglia |
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What neurodegenerative disorder primarily affects the motorneurons? |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease) |
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True or false? Most brain tumors are primary brain tumors. |
False: Most are metastatic |
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What is the term for the highest grade of astrocytic tumorsaccording to the World Health Organization (WHO)? |
Glioblastoma multiforme |
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Ascending paralysis that can occur after an infection is called_____________________. |
Guillain-Barré syndrome |
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True or false? Acoustic neuromas seen in neurofibromatosis,type 2 (NF2) are actually schwannomas. |
True |
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A 72-year-old Caucasian female is brought to her primary physician’s office by herson after becoming lost in her own home. She enters the room with a marked shuffling gait.A review of systems is positive for incontinence but is otherwise unremarkable; she deniesthe presence of tremor. A CT shows enlarged ventricles. What is the most likely etiology forher constellation of symptoms? A. MS B. Parkinsonism C.Alzheimer D. Normal pressure hydrocephalus |
D. Normal pressure hydrocephalus |
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Which is the most likely cause of acute purulent meningitis in a two-year-old? A. Escherichia Coli B. Strep. Pneumoniae C. Haemophilus influenza D. Neisseria meningitidis |
C. Haemophilus influenza |
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A 22-year-old Hispanic male is brought to the emergency department following amotor vehicle accident in which he was an unrestrained passenger. He is conscious on exam,and complains of double vision. A quick exam reveals a dilated right pupil and impairedocular movement. What has caused his symptoms? A. Herniation of the brain stem through the foramen magnum B. Herniation of the ipsilateral side of the temporal lobe through the tentoriu C. Herniation of the lower medial aspect of the hemisphere under the falx cerebri D. None of the above |
B. Herniation of the ipsilateral side of the temporal lobe through the tentoriu |
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What type of edema is caused by diabetic ketoacidosis? A. Vasogenic edma B. Cytotoxic edema C. Both of he above D. None of the above |
B. Cytotoxic edema |
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A 10-year-old Caucasian male is brought to the ER by his parents after they wereunable to wake him up for dinner. Earlier in the afternoon, he’d been hit in the side of thehead by a baseball. He was only unconscious for approximately 30 seconds, but when hewoke up, he claimed he was fine. What vessel was damaged? A. Middle meningeal artery B. A bridging vein C. Carotid artery D. Basilar artery |
A. Middle meningeal artery |
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Which of the following tumors arises from ependymal cells lining the ventricles? A. Ependymomas B. Subependymomas C. Glioblastomas D. Medulloblastomas |
A. Ependymomas |
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A nine-month-old African American male is seen at his pediatrician’s office forfailure to meet motor milestones. Physical exam reveals abnormal muscle tone and limbspasticity. His past medical history is significant for prematurity with a low birth weight andhyperbilirubinemia. What is your diagnosis? A.Epilepsy B. Cerebral palsy C. Arnold chiari malformation D. Agyria |
B. Cerebral palsy |
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Your mother calls you concerned that your 50-year-old father may be having a stroke.She reports that he cannot close his right eye, raise his right eyebrow, or smile with the righthalf of his mouth. She tells you that, though his speech is garbled, he is understandable; shedenies additional symptoms. From which neurological condition does he suffer?
B.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis C. Bell’s palsy D. MS |
C. Bell’s palsy |
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Which hereditary disease features accumulation of glucocerebroside in macrophagesand/or neurons? A. Tay Sachs B. Cerebral palsy C. Hurler D. Gaucher’s |
D. Gaucher’s |
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Reviewing the history of your recently deceased 45-year-old patient, you notice thathis dementia, personality changes, and physical limitations progressed in a stepwise fashion,with distinct declines in function every few months. What is the most likely cause of thisrapidly progressing disease? A. AD B. Frontotemporal dementia C. vCJD D. Vascular dementia |
D. Vascular dementia |
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Which of the following cells makes cerebral spinal fluid? A. Astrocytes B. Oligodendrogliomas C. Ependymal cells D. Microglia |
C. Ependymal cells |
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A 24-year-old female visits her campus clinic complaining of new-onset blurryvision in one eye. Six months prior, she had come to the clinic complaining of weakness andspasticity in her right leg. Oligoclonal bands of immunoglobulin were identified in her CSF,confirming your suspicions. From what disease does she suffer? A. Multiple sclerosis B. Guillain Barre C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D. TIAS |
A. Multiple sclerosis |
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Autopsy on a 65-year-old Caucasian female with a past medical history of dementiareveals general atrophy of the cerebral cortex with narrowed gyri and broad sulci as well asneurofibrillary tangles and plaques of amyloid-like protein on histology. What was the causeof her dementia? A. Alzheimer’s disease B. Parkinson Disease C. Lewy body dementia D. Huntington disease |
A. Alzheimer’s disease |
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a form of fatal encephalitis caused bywhich of the following viruses? A. CMV B. Herpesvirus C. JC virus D. Arbovirus |
C. JC virus |
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A 55-year-old Hispanic female is worked up for new-onset seizures. Her MRIreveals a solitary lesion in the parasagittal region that appears to be growing on the surface ofthe brain. What type of tumor does she have? A. Glioblastoma multiforme B. Meningioma C. Astrocytoma D. Oligodendroglioma |
B. Meningioma |
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A 43-year-old Caucasian woman is brought to the clinic by her husband. Her illnessbegan several years earlier with increased nervousness, irritability, and depression and hadprogressed to include a jerky gait with strange dance-like movements of her upper and lowerextremities. Her family history was significant for a mother with similar symptoms andpsychosis who died at 45 shortly after being committed to an asylum. What is her diagnosis? A. Parkinsonism B. Parkinson disease C. CJD D. Huntington’s disease |
D. Huntington’s disease |
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A 65-year-old Caucasian male’s physical exam is remarkable for an emotionlessfacial expression, stooped posture, a shuffling gait, and a slow, coarse, resting tremor of hisright hand. Where is his lesion and what medication can be used to treat his disease? A. Substantia nigra, L-dopa B. Basal ganglia, supportive treatment C. Frontal cortex, supportive treatment D. Wenicke area, L-dopa |
A. Substantia nigra, L-dopa |
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True or false? Neurons do not divide; therefore, diseased or dead neurons cannot bereplaced. |
True |
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True or false? About 25% of patients who have a TIA have a nonhemorrhagic infarctwithin five years. |
True |
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True or false? Respiratory failure is the leading cause of death in a patient sufferingfrom amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. |
True |
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True or false? Aseptic meningitis is acute inflammation of the meninges caused bysomething other than an infectious agent. |
False: Aseptic meningitis is caused by a virus, and is only referred to as aseptic because bacterial cultures are negative. |
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True or false? In patients with CNS trauma caused by a penetrating object, thedisruption of tissue is the leading contribution to patient morbidity and mortality. |
False: The velocity of a penetrating object contributes to blast effect, which is far more deadly as it can cause immediate death by herniating the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. |
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True or false? The most common leukodystrophy is metachromatic leukodystrophy. |
True |
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Match the following anatomic locations to their characteristics below: i: Cortex ii: Nerve tracts iii: Brain stem iv: Midbrain v: Pons vi: Medulla oblongata vii: Cerebellum viii: Dura ix: Arachnoid x: Pia xi: Falx cerebri xii: Tentorium cerebelli xiii: Choroid plexus xiv: Arachnoid granulations A. The innermost meningeal membrane B. Uppermost part of the brain stem, important in eye movement and hearing C. Responsible for carrying electrical signals between the brain and body D. Lowest part of the brainstem, modulates heart rate and blood pressure E. Responsible for absorbing CSF F. Composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata G. Dura mater that encloses the superior sagittal sinus H. Thick sheet of fibrous tissue stuck to skull and surrounding the spinal cord I. Home to reasoning, emotion, voluntary motion, and speech J. The dura separating the cerebral hemisphere from the cerebellum K. Middle and largest part of the brain stem, important in respiration L. Mediates balance, fine motor activity, and proprioceptive sense M. Thin membrane between dura and subarachnoid space N. Responsible for the production of CSF |
A. The innermost meningeal membrane = x: Pia B. Uppermost part of the brain stem, important in eye movement and hearing = iv: Midbrain C. Responsible for carrying electrical signals between the brain and body = ii: Nerve tracts D. Lowest part of the brainstem, modulates heart rate and blood pressure = vi: Medulla oblongata E. Responsible for absorbing CSF = xiv: Arachnoid granulations F. Composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata = iii: Brain stem G. Dura mater that encloses the superior sagittal sinus = xi: Falx cerebri H. Thick sheet of fibrous tissue stuck to skull and surrounding the spinal cord = viii: Dura I. Home to reasoning, emotion, voluntary motion, and speech = i: Cortex J. The dura separating the cerebral hemisphere from the cerebellum = xii: Tentorium cerebelli K. Middle and largest part of the brain stem, important in respiration = v: Pons L. Mediates balance, fine motor activity, and proprioceptive sense = vii: Cerebellum M. Thin membrane between dura and subarachnoid space = ix: Arachnoid N. Responsible for the production of CSF = xiii: Choroid plexus |