Pathology Ch. 15 Study Guide Terms

Front 1

Amylase

Back 1

•A carbohydrate-digesting enzyme secreted by salivary glands and pancreas

Front 2

Ghrelin

Back 2

•Hunger hormone (Factor)

•Stimulates Hunger and actively search for food

Front 3

Leptin

Back 3

•An anti-obesity hormone secreted by fat cells

Front 4

Melena

Back 4

•Is the passing of black (Tarry) stool with high content of altered blood.

Front 5

Obstipation

Back 5

•Severe or complete constipation

Front 6

Hematochezia

Back 6

•Is the passage of overtly (bright red, grossly visible) bloody stool.

Front 7

Hematemesis

Back 7

•Is the vomiting of blood altered by stomach acid. (Coffee grounds).

Front 8

Mickel Diverticulum

Back 8

•Is the most common and harmless bowel congenital anomaly.

•Is an embryologic remnant attached to the jejunum like a large appendix.

Front 9

Periodontitis

Back 9

•A deeper inflammation and Infection of soft tissues around the tooth root.

Front 10

Apthous Ulcer

Back 10

•(Canker Sores) are common, small, painful, shallow ulcers of the oral cavity.

Front 11

Sjogren Syndrome

Back 11

•A combination of salivary and lacrimal gland Inflammation that damages the glands, drying up tears and saliva and producing dry eyes and dry mouth.

Front 12

Dysphagia

Back 12

•Painful and difficult Swallowing

Front 13

Hiatal Hernia

Back 13

•Protrusion of stomach through hiatus (Opening in diaphragm muscle)

Front 14

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

Back 14

•Bulimic lacerations near gastro-esophageal junction. Life threatening bleeding.

Front 15

Barret Metaplasia

Back 15

•A change of lower esophageal squamous epithelium into acid-secreting gastric epithelium.

Front 16

Nissen Fundoplication

Back 16

•Surgery / Treatment for GERD

•It is the wrapping of the top of the stomach (Fundus) around the lower esophagus

Front 17

Helicobacter Pylori

Back 17

•A bacterium; a cause of chronic gastritis; the agent of most peptic ulcer disease

Front 18

Gastroschisis

Back 18

•Failure of abdominal wall, intestines protrude

Front 19

Omphalocele

Back 19

•Less severe congenital bowel outpouching, like umbilical hernia: small 1-2cm bowel extrusional naval (beneath skin)

Front 20

Hirschsprung Disease

Back 20

•(Congenital megacolon) genetic absence of the autonomic ganglionic neural plexus in colon wall, which controls peristalsis.

•Deprived of neural control, no peristalsis occurs in affected segment, fecal movement is impaired, upstream colon distends with feces.

Front 21

Volvulus

Back 21

•(Twisted bowel loops) with bowel obstruction & Infarction of small bowel

Front 22

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Back 22

•(Spastic Colon) abdominal pain, bloating, bleeding, altered frequency or consistency of stool; mostly females w/no pathological cause

Front 23

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Back 23

•30% of referrals to GI Dr's

•Abdominal pain, bloating, bleeding, altered frequency or consistency of stool.

•2/3 are female

•Functional disorder with no demonstrable pathologic findings or organic cause

Front 24

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Back 24

•Loss of Turgor with Diarrhea

•Diagnosis of Exclusion

•Post-infection, stress, >50 y.o.,

wt loss, hematochezia

Front 25

Sprue

Back 25

•Malabsorption with fatty, frothy, yellowish, malodorous stools;

-Tropical sprue (Infectious)

-Non-tropical sprue (Gluten-Sensitive)