Pathology - Acute And Chronic Inflammation

Front 1

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Back 1

Calor - Heat
Rubor - Redness
Tumor - Swelling
Dolor - Pain
Functio laesa - Loss of function

Front 2

Outcomes of acute inflammation

Back 2

Elimination of noxious stimuli
Repair
Persistent chronic inflammation

Front 3

Exudation: definition and content

Back 3

Increased passage of protein-rich fluid into interstitial tissue.
-globulins
-fibrin deposition
-factors promoting healing

Front 4

Cell adhesion molecules

Back 4

Selectins - recognize carbohydrate group on neutrophils
Integrins - ICAM-1, VCAM-1 bind integrins on neutrophils

Front 5

Histamine
-Mast cells

Back 5

Increased vascular permeability
Vasodilation
(Bronchial constriction)

Front 6

Serotonin
-Platelets

Back 6

Vasodilation

Front 7

Arachidonic acid derivatives

Back 7

Prostaglandins-->Vasodilation, edema(PGE2, PGI2)
Leukotrienes--> Vasoconstriction;Increased permeability

Front 8

Cytokines
-Inflammatory cells, endothelium

Back 8

IL-2,IL-4: Stimulate lymphocyte proliferation
IL-10, TGF-beta: Suppress lymphocyte proliferation
IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha: Macrophage activation

Front 9

Phagocytosis
-opsonins

Back 9

IgG
C3b(complement protein)
collectins

Front 10

Serous inflammation

Back 10

Outpouring of watery, protein-poor fluid from serum or secretions from mesothelial cells lining peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities
ex. skin blister

Front 11

Fibrinous inflammation

Back 11

High vascular permeability due to more severe injuries. Fibrinogen pass endothelial barrier.
-fibrinoous exudate - lining of body cavities, meninges, pericardium and pleura.

Front 12

Suppurative(purulent) inflammation

Back 12

Large amount of pus(neutrophils)-->purulent exudate
Pyogenic organisms more likely to form local suppuration.
Abscess-focal collection of pus
- seeding of pyogenic organisms into tissue or secondary infection of necrotic foci

Front 13

Histamine
-Mast cells

Back 13

Increased vascular permeability
Vasodilation
(Bronchial constriction)

Front 14

Ulcer

Back 14

Local defect-> shedding of necrotic tissue
Ulceration.>only in tissue necrosis on or near a surface
-mucosa of mouth
-stomach
-intestine
-genitourinary tract

Front 15

Serotonin
-Platelets

Back 15

Vasodilation

Front 16

Primary disorder of phagocytosis:
Chronic granulomatous disease

Back 16

Deficiency in phagcyte oxidase generating ROS. Activated macrophages accumulate and form ´granulomas``
Mutation on X-chromosome, 2/3 are males.

Front 17

Arachidonic acid derivatives

Back 17

Prostaglandins-->Vasodilation, edema(PGE2, PGI2)
Leukotrienes--> Vasoconstriction;Increased permeability

Front 18

Cytokines
-Inflammatory cells, endothelium

Back 18

IL-2,IL-4: Stimulate lymphocyte proliferation
IL-10, TGF-beta: Suppress lymphocyte proliferation
IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha: Macrophage activation

Front 19

Phagocytosis
-opsonins

Back 19

IgG
C3b(complement protein)
collectins

Front 20

Histamine
-Mast cells

Back 20

Increased vascular permeability
Vasodilation
(Bronchial constriction)

Front 21

Serous inflammation

Back 21

Outpouring of watery, protein-poor fluid from serum or secretions from mesothelial cells lining peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities
ex. skin blister

Front 22

Serotonin
-Platelets

Back 22

Vasodilation

Front 23

Fibrinous inflammation

Back 23

High vascular permeability due to more severe injuries. Fibrinogen pass endothelial barrier.
-fibrinoous exudate - lining of body cavities, meninges, pericardium and pleura.

Front 24

Arachidonic acid derivatives

Back 24

Prostaglandins-->Vasodilation, edema(PGE2, PGI2)
Leukotrienes--> Vasoconstriction;Increased permeability

Front 25

Suppurative(purulent) inflammation

Back 25

Large amount of pus(neutrophils)-->purulent exudate
Pyogenic organisms more likely to form local suppuration.
Abscess-focal collection of pus
- seeding of pyogenic organisms into tissue or secondary infection of necrotic foci

Front 26

Cytokines
-Inflammatory cells, endothelium

Back 26

IL-2,IL-4: Stimulate lymphocyte proliferation
IL-10, TGF-beta: Suppress lymphocyte proliferation
IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha: Macrophage activation

Front 27

Ulcer

Back 27

Local defect-> shedding of necrotic tissue
Ulceration.>only in tissue necrosis on or near a surface
-mucosa of mouth
-stomach
-intestine
-genitourinary tract

Front 28

Phagocytosis
-opsonins

Back 28

IgG
C3b(complement protein)
collectins

Front 29

Primary disorder of phagocytosis:
Chronic granulomatous disease

Back 29

Deficiency in phagcyte oxidase generating ROS. Activated macrophages accumulate and form ´granulomas``
Mutation on X-chromosome, 2/3 are males.

Front 30

Serous inflammation

Back 30

Outpouring of watery, protein-poor fluid from serum or secretions from mesothelial cells lining peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities
ex. skin blister

Front 31

Histamine
-Mast cells

Back 31

Increased vascular permeability
Vasodilation
(Bronchial constriction)

Front 32

Fibrinous inflammation

Back 32

High vascular permeability due to more severe injuries. Fibrinogen pass endothelial barrier.
-fibrinoous exudate - lining of body cavities, meninges, pericardium and pleura.

Front 33

Serotonin
-Platelets

Back 33

Vasodilation

Front 34

Suppurative(purulent) inflammation

Back 34

Large amount of pus(neutrophils)-->purulent exudate
Pyogenic organisms more likely to form local suppuration.
Abscess-focal collection of pus
- seeding of pyogenic organisms into tissue or secondary infection of necrotic foci

Front 35

Arachidonic acid derivatives

Back 35

Prostaglandins-->Vasodilation, edema(PGE2, PGI2)
Leukotrienes--> Vasoconstriction;Increased permeability

Front 36

Ulcer

Back 36

Local defect-> shedding of necrotic tissue
Ulceration.>only in tissue necrosis on or near a surface
-mucosa of mouth
-stomach
-intestine
-genitourinary tract

Front 37

Histamine
-Mast cells

Back 37

Increased vascular permeability
Vasodilation
(Bronchial constriction)

Front 38

Cytokines
-Inflammatory cells, endothelium

Back 38

IL-2,IL-4: Stimulate lymphocyte proliferation
IL-10, TGF-beta: Suppress lymphocyte proliferation
IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha: Macrophage activation

Front 39

Serotonin
-Platelets

Back 39

Vasodilation

Front 40

Primary disorder of phagocytosis:
Chronic granulomatous disease

Back 40

Deficiency in phagcyte oxidase generating ROS. Activated macrophages accumulate and form ´granulomas``
Mutation on X-chromosome, 2/3 are males.

Front 41

Phagocytosis
-opsonins

Back 41

IgG
C3b(complement protein)
collectins

Front 42

Arachidonic acid derivatives

Back 42

Prostaglandins-->Vasodilation, edema(PGE2, PGI2)
Leukotrienes--> Vasoconstriction;Increased permeability

Front 43

Serous inflammation

Back 43

Outpouring of watery, protein-poor fluid from serum or secretions from mesothelial cells lining peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities
ex. skin blister

Front 44

Cytokines
-Inflammatory cells, endothelium

Back 44

IL-2,IL-4: Stimulate lymphocyte proliferation
IL-10, TGF-beta: Suppress lymphocyte proliferation
IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha: Macrophage activation

Front 45

Fibrinous inflammation

Back 45

High vascular permeability due to more severe injuries. Fibrinogen pass endothelial barrier.
-fibrinoous exudate - lining of body cavities, meninges, pericardium and pleura.

Front 46

Phagocytosis
-opsonins

Back 46

IgG
C3b(complement protein)
collectins

Front 47

Suppurative(purulent) inflammation

Back 47

Large amount of pus(neutrophils)-->purulent exudate
Pyogenic organisms more likely to form local suppuration.
Abscess-focal collection of pus
- seeding of pyogenic organisms into tissue or secondary infection of necrotic foci

Front 48

Serous inflammation

Back 48

Outpouring of watery, protein-poor fluid from serum or secretions from mesothelial cells lining peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities
ex. skin blister

Front 49

Ulcer

Back 49

Local defect-> shedding of necrotic tissue
Ulceration.>only in tissue necrosis on or near a surface
-mucosa of mouth
-stomach
-intestine
-genitourinary tract

Front 50

Fibrinous inflammation

Back 50

High vascular permeability due to more severe injuries. Fibrinogen pass endothelial barrier.
-fibrinoous exudate - lining of body cavities, meninges, pericardium and pleura.

Front 51

Primary disorder of phagocytosis:
Chronic granulomatous disease

Back 51

Deficiency in phagcyte oxidase generating ROS. Activated macrophages accumulate and form ´granulomas``
Mutation on X-chromosome, 2/3 are males.

Front 52

Suppurative(purulent) inflammation

Back 52

Large amount of pus(neutrophils)-->purulent exudate
Pyogenic organisms more likely to form local suppuration.
Abscess-focal collection of pus
- seeding of pyogenic organisms into tissue or secondary infection of necrotic foci

Front 53

Ulcer

Back 53

Local defect-> shedding of necrotic tissue
Ulceration.>only in tissue necrosis on or near a surface
-mucosa of mouth
-stomach
-intestine
-genitourinary tract

Front 54

Primary disorder of phagocytosis:
Chronic granulomatous disease

Back 54

Deficiency in phagcyte oxidase generating ROS. Activated macrophages accumulate and form ´granulomas``
Mutation on X-chromosome, 2/3 are males.

Front 55

Arachidonic acid
-two major pathways

Back 55

Cyclooxygenase
-Prostaglandins
-Thromboxanes
Lipooxygenase
-Leukotrienes
-Lipoxins(inhibitors of inflammation)

Front 56

Aspirin
-mechanism

Back 56

Block function of cyclooxygenase- inhibit prod of prostaglandins.
- fever-inhibit production of PG by perivascular cells of hypothalamus
-inhibit production of thromboxane-`blood thinner´

Front 57

Platelet-activating factor

Back 57

Derived from phospholipid-membranes of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, endothelial cells
-vasoconstriction
-bronchoconstriction
-vasodilation
-increased vascular permeability
Aggregate platelets

Front 58

TNF and IL-1
-prod.
-secretion

Back 58

Secretion stimulated by:
-endotoxin
-immune complexes
Produced by:
-activated macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells ++

Front 59

TNF and IL-1
-functions

Back 59

Endothelial activation
TNF:increase thrombogenicity of endothelium, aggregation and activation of neutrophils.
IL-1:activate tissue fibroblasts

Front 60

Granulomas

Back 60

Persistent T-cell response to certain microbes
-M. Tuberculosis
-T. Pallidum
-fungi

Front 61

Pyrogens
-exogenous
-endogenous

Back 61

LPS
TNF and IL-1

Front 62

Acute-phase proteins

Back 62

CRP - C-reactive protein
Fibrinogen (binds to erythrocytes, basis for ESR)
SAA - Serum amyloid A