Pathogenicity

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Pathogenicity

Back 1

the ability of a microbe to cause disease

Front 2

What are 4 factors that affect virulence

Back 2

adhesion
extracellular enzymes
toxins
antiphagocytic

Front 3

Virulence

Back 3

refers to the degree of pathogenicity of a microbe, or in other words the relative ability of a microbe to cause disease.

Front 4

amount of a solid or liquid material that it takes to kill 50% of test animals

Back 4

LD50 value

Front 5

Virlulence Factors enable a mircobe to do what succesfully (4 Things )

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Variety of traits that mircobes have that enable them to enter a host, adhere to host cell, gain access to nutrients, and escape detection or removal by a host immune response

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Virulence is determined by

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Invasiveness
Toxigenicity

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Toxigenicity

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The ability of microbes to produce toxins to harm a host.

Front 8

Invasivness

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the abiltiy to to invade tissue

Front 9

enzymes secreted by pahogens that enable them to dissolve structual chemicals in the body to maintain infection, invade further, and avoid body defenses

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Extracellular Enzymes

Front 10

What are 3 genetic determinants of Virulence

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Plasmids
HGT
Pathogenticity islands

Front 11

Coagulase

Back 11

clots plasma, which creates a sticky film of fibrin around the bacteria.

Front 12

Kinases

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dissolve clots that often wall off bacteria.

Front 13

What are the 3 types of Exotoxins

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Cytotoxins
Neurotoxins
Enterotoxins

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Collagenase

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Breaks down collagen, and allows bacteria to spread through connective tissue

Front 15

Hemolysins

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Lyse red blood cells so that bacteria can steal needed iron.

Front 16

Lecithinase

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Breaks down phospholipids and rapidly destroys tissue

Front 17

chemicals produced by pathogens that either harm tissue or trigger host immune responses that cause damage

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Toxins

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Two types of Toxins

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Exotoxins
Endotoxins

Front 19

Endotoxinscompunds found in the cell walls of Gram - bacteria.
Help to form a semi-permable membrane which is designed to protect the bacteria from threats (aka LIPID A)

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Endotoxins

Front 20

proteins secreted by living pathogens that destroy host cell or interfere with host metabolism (3 principle types)

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Exotoxins

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promote shedding of the epidermal cells of the skin.

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Exofolins

Front 22

toxins that affect the GI tract, often causing diarrhea and sometimes vomiting.

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Enterotoxins

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secrete neurotoxins that lead to disease conditions

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Clostridium

Front 24

what is Siderophores and when are they secreted

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chemical secreted by microbes in response to iron stress

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what do Neurotoxins affect

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specifically interfere with nerve cell function

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Cytotoxins

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kill host cell or affect their function

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Enterotoxins

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affect cells lining the gastrointestinal tract

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Toxigenicity

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the ability to produce toxins

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What symptons to Endotoxins cause

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Inflammatory proccesses which can casue fever and shock

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What symptons do enterotoxins cause

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Diarrhea and Vomiting
Affect the GI Tract

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When are Endotoxins released

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When the cell dies naturally or is digested by phagotic cells such as macrophages

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How does the body protect itself against endotoxins

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antitoxins (aka anitbodies)
Protective molecule

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What do antitoxins do

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they proctect the body by binding to specific toxins and neutralizes them

Front 34

What are phagocytes and what do they do

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White blood (macrophage)cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful bacteria