Pathogenic Microbiology

Front 1

Infectivity

Back 1

The ability of a pathogen to establish infection.

Front 2

Virulence

Back 2

Damage done by the pathogen once the infection is established.

Front 3

Pathogenicity

Back 3

The ability of a pathogen to cause disease in another organism and the degree to which it is able to cause disease.

Front 4

Modes of infection

Back 4

1) surface of mucosal epithelium, 2) epithelial cells, 3) deeper tissues- circulatory system

Front 5

Local infection

Back 5

A specific portion of the body is infected.

Front 6

Systemic infection

Back 6

An infection throughout the body; the infection resides in the bloodstream.

Front 7

Focal infection

Back 7

A systemic infection that starts off as a local infection.

Front 8

Primary infection

Back 8

One species is able to weaken the host.

Front 9

Secondary infection

Back 9

Occurs because a primary infection has weakened the host.

Front 10

Mixed Infection

Back 10

Infection by more than one organism simultaneously.

Front 11

Subclinical infection

Back 11

An asymptomatic infection (not apparent)

Front 12

Latent infection

Back 12

Becomes apparent when resistance is lowered

Front 13

Bacteremia,septicemia, pyemia, toxemia

Back 13

bacteria ciruculating in the blood, replicating bacteria in blood, pus forming bacteria in blood, bacterial toxins in the blood.

Front 14

Prodromal period

Back 14

1st symptoms occur. The patient starts to get sick. The disease may end here due to aquired immunity.

Front 15

Primary pathogen

Back 15

cause disease is a least some portion of normal individuals

Front 16

Opportunists

Back 16

cause disease in individuals with low immunity

Front 17

Hemolysins

Back 17

Destroy blood cells

Front 18

Hyaluronidase

Back 18

Allows for the spread through connective tissue.

Front 19

Coagulase

Back 19

Coagulates plasma

Front 20

Streptokinase/ fibinolysin

Back 20

Dissolves plasma

Front 21

Lysozyme (secreted as a first life of defense against infection)

Back 21

an enzyme that is destructive of bacteria and functions as an antiseptic, found in tears, leukocytes, mucus, egg albumin, and certain plants.

Front 22

Lactoferrin

Back 22

synthesized by neutrophils and glandular epithelial cells, found in many human secretions (as tears and milk), and retarding bacterial and fungal growth

Front 23

2nd line of defense: non immunologic

Back 23

Inflammation and phagocytosis

Front 24

2nd line of defense: immunologic

Back 24

Antibody and cell mediated immunity

Front 25

Monocytes

Back 25

Any of various large white blood cells that are formed in the bone marrow, circulate in the blood, and destroy pathogenic bacteria by phagocytosis. Monocytes develop into macrophages in various body tissues.

Front 26

Granulocytes

Back 26

Any of various white blood cells that contain granular material in the cytoplasm and are immunologically active, especially in phagocytosis. (neutrophils)

Front 27

Lymphocytes

Back 27

Any of the nearly colorless cells found in the blood, lymph, and lymphoid tissues, constituting approximately 25 percent of white blood cells and including B cells, which function in humoral immunity, and T cells, which function in cellular immunity.

Front 28

Phagocytic killing: oxygen dependent killing

Back 28

NADPH oxidase reacts with cytochrome B which forms hydrogen peroxide and other substances. This transforms chloride ions into hypochlorous ions killing the microbe.

Front 29

Phagocytic killing: Oxygen independent killing

Back 29

lysozyme/ lactoferrin kill gram negative organism by disrupting the cell membrane.

Front 30

Antigen

Back 30

Any substance that will produce a specific immune response when introduced into a host.

Front 31

Adjuvant

Back 31

An immunological agent that increases the antigenic response.

Front 32

Antibody

Back 32

Serum proteins formed in response to antigen stimulation. They react with antigens in a specific manner.

Front 33

Epitopes

Back 33

A localized region on the surface of an antigen that is capable of eliciting an immune response and of combining with a specific antibody to counter that response.