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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following adaptive changes is considered to be the most dangerous with regard to malignant changes?
A. atrophy B. Dysplasia C. Metaplasia D. Hypertrophy |
B. Dysplasia
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Which of the following situations is an example of hyperplasia?
1. increased size of heart in a trained athlete. 2. thinkening of the gallbladder's walls in rsponse to gallstones 3. development of callus on a laborer's hands. 4. Enlargement of prostate gland |
3. development of callus on a laborer's hands.
4. Enlargement of prostate gland |
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What is the term that describes failure of cells to develop specialized features?
A. Dysplasia B. Neoplasia C. Anaplasia D. Hyperplasia |
C. Anaplasia
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Which of the following changes will occure in response to prolonged hypoxia?
A. Atrophy B. Anaplasia C. Hypertrophy D. metatplasia |
A. Atrophy
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In which of the following disorders does liquefactive necrosis occur?
A. Following a stroke B. Heart Attach C. Gangrene d. Tubereculosis |
A. Following a stroke
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Which of the following tissues enlarge by hypertrophy after birth?
1. skeletal muscle 2. bone 3. urinary bladder 4. brain |
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Bone |
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A disease that indicates a short-term illness that develops very quickly with marked signs is referred to as:
A. Chronic B. Fatal C. Acute D. Latent |
C. Acute
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A disease that develops gradually but persists for a long time and often causes much tissue damage is referred to as:
A. latent B. subclinical C. prodromal D. chronic |
D. chronic
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A collection of signs and symtpoms, often affecting more than one organ, that usually occur together in reponse to a certain condition is a/an;
A. diagnosis B. manifestation C. syndrome D. exacerbation |
C. Syndrome
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The potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition, such as paralysis following recovery from a stroke are referred to as:
A. exacerbations B. sequelae C. complications D. predisposing factors |
Sequelae
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Which cells secrete histamines?
1. neutrophils 2. basophils 3. mast cells 4. macrophages |
2. Basophils
3. Mast Cells |
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Which cells are phagocytic?
1. neutrophils 2. lymphocytes 3. monocytes 4. macrophages |
1. neutrophils
3. monocytes 4. macrophages |
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Which of the following is an nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) but not an effect of acetaminophen?
1. anti-inflammatory 2. platelet inhibition 3. analgesic 4. antipyretic |
1. anti-inflammatory
2. platelet inhibition |
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What is the meaning of the term diapedesis?
A. attraction of defensive cells to an injured area B. movement of leukocytes into interstitial spaces C. movement of plasma proteins into interstitial spaces D. increased permeability of capillary walls |
B. movement of leukocytes into the interstitial spaces
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What type of exudate is found inside a blister?
A. hemorrhagic B. purulent C. serous D. fibrinous |
C. serous
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What are adhesions?
A. overgrowths of scar tissue causing disfigurement B. bands of scar tissue between two normally separate surfaces C. areas of tissue ulceration or breakdown D. charred wound areas associated with full-thickness burns |
B. bands of scar tissue between two normally separate surfaces
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Which of the following tissues would you expect healing to occur most slowly?
A. bone B. skeletal muscle C. epithelium D. cartilage |
D. cartilage
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Which cells are the first to migrate into interstitial spaces after an injury?
A. neutrophils B. lymphocytes C. monocytes D. basophils |
A. neutrophils
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Which type of cell becomes a macrophage once it migrates into the tissues?
A. neutrophil B. lymphocyte C. monocyte D. basophil |
C. monocyte
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What type of cell is prevalent in allergic responses?
A. neutrophil B. eosinophil C. monocyte D. macrophage |
B. Eosinophil
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What is the term for a hypertrophic scar?
A. keloid B. adhesion C. eschar D. contractor |
A. keloid
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What cells are prevalent in chronic inflammations?
1. fibroblasts 2. macrophages 3. neutrophils 4. lymphocytes |
1. fibroblasts
2. macrophages 4. lymphocytes |
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What is the second event in the vascular response of inflammation?
A. increased capillary permeability B. vasoconstriction C. margination D. vasodialation |
D. Vasodilation
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Which of the following would be elevated during an acute inflammation involving a large area?
1. neutrophils 2. erythrocyte sedimentation rate 3. body temperature 4. platelet count 5. C-reactive protein level |
1. neutrophils
2. erythrocyte sedimentation rate 3. body temperature 5. C-reactive protein level |
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What type of burn involves destruction of all the epidermis and part of the dermis?
A. full-thickness B. deep partial thickness C. superficial partial thickness |
B. deep partial thickness
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How do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease inflammation?
A. they decrease production of prostaglandins B. They prevent histamine release C. they prevent increased capillary permeability D. the inhibit the activity of defensive cells |
A. they decrease production of prostaglandins
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Which of the following could stimulate inflammation?
1. fracture 2. heart attack 3. throat infection 4. cat scratch 5. superficial burn |
All of the above
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What is the best definition of inflammation?
A. the body's ability to protect itself against a specific pathogen B. the body's local response to tissue injury C. a pathologic response to a specific pathogen D. a systemic response to tissue injury |
B. the body's local response to tissue injury
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A protein, produced by fibroblasts, that is th basic component of scar tissue and provides strength for new repair is:
A. myelin B. chitin C. collagen D. elastin |
C. collagen
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The process by which leukocytes are attracted by chemical mediators at the site of injury is referred to as:
A. migration B. chemotaxis C. phagocytosis D. differentiation |
B. chemotaxis
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Which of the following cells are involved in the production of antibodies?
1. neutrophils 2. helper T cells 3. B lymphocytes 4. killer T cells 5. monocytes |
2. helper T cells
3. B lymphocytes |
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Which are the antigen-capturing cells?
A. macrophages B. natural killer cells C. memory T cells D. lymphocytes |
A. macrophages
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Which cells process and present antigen?
A. macrophages B. natural killer cells C. memory T cells D. lympocytes |
A. macrophages
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Which immunoglobulin is involved in allergic repsonses?
A. IgG B. IgA C. IgM D. IgE |
D. IgE
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Which immunoglobulin is found in body secretions such as saliva?
A. IgG B. IgA C. IgM D. IgE |
B. IgA
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Which immunoglobulin is responsible for passive immunity?
A. IgG B. IgA C. IgM D. IgE |
A. IgG
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Which cell facilitates the overall activity of the immune response and controls all the cells of the immune system?
A. T-helper (CD4) B. natural killer cells C. lympocytes D. plasma cells |
A. T-helper (CD4)
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Which of the following chemical mediators stimulates the proliferation of B and T cells?
A. leukotrienes B. complement C. cytokines D. prostoglandins |
c. cytokines
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What does seroconversion mean in relation to HIV and AIDS?
A. the virus has been isolated in the blood or other body secretions B. HIV antibodies have been identified in the blood C. and individual has been in contact with HIV but is not contagious yet D. Surface antigen has been isolated in the blood |
B. HIV antibodies have been identified in the blood
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Which of the following statements is TRUE of teh period between the identification of HIV antibodies in the blood, but before the development of AIDS?
1. The individual is contagious and capable of spreading the virus. 2. the host's immune system is functioning relatively normally. 3. no specific treatment is required 4. T-cell count is usually within normal limits 5. a pregnant woman may pass the virus to her unborn child. |
1. The individual is contagious and capable of spreading the virus.
2. the host's immune system is functioning relatively normally. 4. T-cell count is usually within normal limits 5. a pregnant woman may pass the virus to her unborn child. |
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Which organism commonly causes severe respiratory problems and often death in patients with AIDS?
A. Toxoplasma gondii B. human papillomavirus C. herpes zoster/simplec D. Pneumoctystis carinii |
D, pneumocystis carinii
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What is the etiology of systemic lupus erthrmatosus?
A. it is an autoimmune disorder B. it is caused by a viral infection C. it is a neoplastic disorder D. it is autosomal recessive disorder |
A. it is an autoimmune disorder
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What is the criterion in a medical diagnostic lab for changing the diagnosis from HIV-positive to one of AIDS
A. the development of an opportunistic infection B. the helper T (CD4) cell count falls below a certain level C. the appearance of Kaposi's sarcoma D. the appearance of generalized lymphadenopathy |
B. the helper T (CD4) cell count falls below a certain level
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How could passive immunity be acquired?
1. an injection of antivenom following a snakebite 2. a measles inoculation vaccination 3. an injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin 4. infection with chickenpox |
1. an injection of antivenom following a snakebite
3. an injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin |
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A severe, life-threatening Type I hypersensitivity reaction that could result from a reaction to a bee sting or administration of penicillin to an allergic individual is called;
A. Arthus reaction B. asthmatic reaction C. anaphylaxis D. hypovolemic shock |
C. anaphylaxis
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