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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
Located beneath the....... |
hypothalamus in the sella turcica |
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The pituitary gland is connected to hypothalamus by what? |
pituitary stalk |
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Pituitary Gland is composed of two lobes, what are they? |
anterior (adenohypophysis)
posterior (neurohypophysis) lobes |
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The hypothalamus regulates endocrine function of the anterior pituitary by: |
secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the portal system |
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Release of posterior pituitary hormones occurs when: |
action potentials generated in the hypothalamic neurons travel down the axons of the pituitary stalk and trigger exocytosis of hormone from the nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary gland |
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Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Where are they produced? |
neurons of the hypothalamus |
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Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
How are these hormones released? |
depolarization of the appropriate hypothalamic neurons and conduction of action potentials to the nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary |
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Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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altered serum osmolality and hypotension |
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Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ADH release causes what?
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water retention by increasing water reabsorption by the renal collecting duct |
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Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Oxytocin
Released during : |
sexual activity, childbirth, and breast-feeding |
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Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Oxytocin
Causes : |
uterine and milk duct contractions |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland
Three-tiered axis:
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hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones
anterior pituitary hormones
target organ hormones |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland
All hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are what?
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peptides and water soluble |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland
Growth hormone
|
hypothalamic release of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) |
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Growth Hormone
Targets |
affects liver metabolism and induces the production of insulin-like growth factor-1 |
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Growth Hormone Targets
Muscle and adipose tissue: |
increases muscle mass and decreases fat mass by inducing lipolysis |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland
Prolactin
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› Acts directly on numerous cell types › Trophic effects on breast tissue development and lactation |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland Prolactin
Ability to suppress reproductive function in men and women through suppression of what? |
hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland
Gonadotropins include what two hormones? |
› Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) › Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland Gonadotropins Stimulate what?
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testosterone in men and estrogen and progesterone in women |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland Gonadotropins Release is stimulated by what?
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hypothalamic gonadotropin- releasing hormone |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland Gonadotropins
Inhibited by negative feedback from |
sex steroids |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
› Thyrotropes release TSH in response to |
hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Negative feedback regulation of TRH and TSH through what? |
concentration of circulating T3
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Produced by corticotropes in the anterior pituitary in response to:
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hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) |
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Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Binds to Gs coupled receptors on cells in the adrenal cortex and stimulates the production of what? |
cortisol and adrenal androgens |