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197 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most common congenital d/o of oral cavity
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cleft lip/palate
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cleft palate patho
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failure of fusion of facial processes
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3 pre AIDS-defining lesion in mouth
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thrush, hairy leukoplakia, apthous ulcers
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most common location Kaposi's sarcoma
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hard palate
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dental caries caused by what organism
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s. mutans
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def cause dental caries; overload cause chalky discoloration
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flouride
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most common cause exudative tonsillitis
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viral but culture to DDx
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hairy leukoplakia caused by
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EBV
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glossitis + b/l white excrescences on lateral border of tongue
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hairy leukoplakia
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b/l parotitis w/ inc serum amylase
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mumps
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Behcet's syndrome 3
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recurrent apthous ulcers, uveitis, genital ulcers
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splotchy pigmentation of lips & oral mucosa w/ underlying SI hamartoma
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Peutz-Jeghers
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spotty pigmentation of buccal mucosa
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ACTH
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blue lines on gingival margins
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lead poisoning
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reddish brown discoloration in teeth
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porphyria
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major risk factors for leuko/erythroplakia 2
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smoking, EtOH
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1st step managing white/red tongue patch that doesn't wipe off
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Bx - precursor for CA
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fine white lacy lesions on buccal mucosa
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Wickham's striae (lichen planus)
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Wickham's striae assoc w/ 2
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sq dysplasia, SCC
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dentigerous cyst of 3rd molar assoc w/
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ameloblastoma
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most common benign tumor of oral cavity
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sq papilloma
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most common odontogenic tumor
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ameloblastoma
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CA of lower lip v. upper lip
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lower lip: sq cell; upper lip: basal cell
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most common risk factor for SCC
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smoking (synergistic w/ EtOH)
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autoimmune destruction of minor salivry glands and lacrimal glands
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Sjorgrens
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most common site salivary gland tumors
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parotid glands
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most common salivary gland tumor
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pleomorphic adenoma
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hetertopic salivary gland tissue in LN
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Warthrin's tumor
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most common malig salivary gland tumor
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mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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dysphagia for solid implies
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obstructive lesion
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dysphagia for solids & liquids implies
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motor d/o
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prox esophagus in TE fistula
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ends blindly
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distal esophagus in TE fistula
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stems from trachea
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VATER stands for
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vertebral abnormalities, anal atresia, TE fistula, renal dz/absent radius
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Fe def causing intermittent solid dysphagia
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Plummer-Vinson
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most common esophageal diverticulum
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Zenker diverticulum
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is Zenker true or false diverticulum
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FALSE
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Zenker diverticulum patho
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weakness in cricopharyngeus muscle -> pulsion in upper esophagus
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epidemiology for hiatal hernia
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F > M; 50% over 50 y/o
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most common type hiatal hernia
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sliding type
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most common Sx hiatal hernia
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acid reflux
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GE jxn at level of diaphragm
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paraesophageal hernia
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nocturnal cough/asthma, early satiety/abd fullness
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GERD
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Fundoplication is
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GERD Tx; gastric wrap around GE jxn
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Barrett's esophagus inc risk of which type of CA?
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esophageal adenocarcinoma
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risk factor for sq cell carcinoma (not smoking)
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corrosive esophagitis
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patho for esophageal varices
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dilated L gastric veins
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most common cause of death in cirrhosis
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ruptured esophageal varices
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most important Dx proc in esophageal varices
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endoscopy
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TIPS is
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transjugular intrahepatic portasystem stent; Tx bleeding & intractable ascites
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Boerhaave's v. Mallory Weiss tear
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Mallory Weiss only tear mucosa; Boerhaave
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Hamman's crunch on auscultation
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Pnemomediastinum
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Achalasia patho
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autoimmune destruction ganglion cells in myenteric plexus
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Acquired cause of achalasia
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Chagas
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HLA assoc w/ achalasia
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HLA-DQW1
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nocturnal regurg of undigested food
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achalasia
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Tx achalasia surg 2
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pneumatic dilatino; esophagomyotomy
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Tx achalasia pharm 2
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CCB, botox
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most common benign tumor of esophagus
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leiomyoma
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most common esophageal CA
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distal adenocarcinoma
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majority SCC in which part of esophagus?
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middle third
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paraneoplastic syndrome of esophageal SCC
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hypercalcemia from PTHrP
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overall 5 yr survival esophageal SCC
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13%
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most common cause hematemesis
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PUD
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most common cause melena
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PUD
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melena is a sign of
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upper GI bleed
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gastric analysis measures
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BAO and MAO
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early satiety and vomitting of undigested food
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gastroparesis
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most common cause hemorrhagic gastritis
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NSAIDs
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type A chronic atrophic gastritis
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body and fundus
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type B chronic atrophic gastritis
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antrum & pylorus
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type A chronic atrophic gastritis patho
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pernicious anemia
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type B chronic atrophic gastritis patho
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H. pylori
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h. pylori colonizes
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mucous layer (noninvasive)
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preCA lesion caused by h. pylori
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intestinal metaplasia
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best screen for H. pylori
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stool Ag
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Menetrier's dz patho
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mucus-secreting cell hyperplasia -> giant rugal folds -> hypoproteinemia + achlorhydria
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most common ulcer in PUD
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duodenal ulcer
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gastric ulcers in PUD located in
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lesser curvature near incisura
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do you Bx duodenal ulcers?
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No, it's never malig
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4 layers in an ulcer
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necrotic debris -> infl (PMN) -> granulation -> fibrosis
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BAO/MAO gastric v. duodenal ulcer
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BAO and MAO dec in gastric; inc in duodenal
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epigastric pain exacerbated by eating
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gastric ulcer
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epigastric pain relieved by eating
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duodenal ulcer
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Zollinger-Ellison patho
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malig islet cell tumor secrete gasrin
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PUD + diarrhea
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Zollinger-Ellison
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ZE relation to which MEN
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MEN 1
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most common gastric polyp
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hamartoma (hyperplastic)
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most common benign tumor of stomach
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leiomyoma
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risk factor in Japanese for gastric adenoma
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smoked foods
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most common site gastric CA
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lesser curvature pylorus/antrum
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histo diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma
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signet ring carcinoma cells
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paraneoplastic skin lesion for gastric CA 2
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acanthosis nigracans, Leser-Trelat sign
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sister mary joseph sign
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gastric carcinoma mets to umbilicus
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most common cause gastric lymphoma
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H. pylori
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why is pain colicky in bowel d/o
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peristalsis
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melanosis
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black bowel from laxative
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3 types diarrhea
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invasive, secretory, osmotic
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high volume diarrhea
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secretory, osmotic
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low volume diarrhea
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invasive
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infl in bowel mucosa
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invasive
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DDx secretory v. osmotic diarrhea
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osmotic gap > 100 = osmotic
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massive loss whole blood per rectum
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hematochezia
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most common cause hematochezia
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sigmoid dysplasia
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lactase def = def of
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brush border enzyme
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best screen for malabsorption
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quatitative stool for fat
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dec D-xylose reabsorption indicate
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SI dz
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best test for NB screening of CF
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serum immunoreactive trypsin
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test panc insufficiency 2
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secretin stim, bentiromide
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test bile acid insufficiency 2
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serum bile acids, bile breath test
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celiac dz patho
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anti-gliadin patho -> blunted villi
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autoimmune skin lesion assoc w/ celiac dz
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dermatitis herpatiformis
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HLA assoc w/ celiac dz
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HLA-DQ2 >> DQ8
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specific/sensitive Ab in celiac dz
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EMG > tTG > gliadin Ab
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DDx celiac v. whipple's dz
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foamy macrophages in lamina propria
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air fluid levels with step-ladder appearance
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SBO, small bowel infarct
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duodenal atresia assoc w/ which genetic d/o
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Down's
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radiograph show air in biliary tree
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gallstone ileus
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2nd most common cause of SBO
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indirect inguinal hernia
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highest rate of bowel incarceration
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femoral hernia
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most common cause SBO
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adhesions from previous surg
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watershed area in colon
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splenic flexure
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abdominal bulge that disappears when pt reclines
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direct hernia
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bowel directly hits examiner's finger w/I inguinal canal
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indirect inguinal hernia
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SI infarction Sx
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sudden diffuse abd pain, bloody diarrhea, absent BS, no rebound tenderness
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thumbprinting on barium enema
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barium enema
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mesenteric angina after eating + bloody diarrhea
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ischemic colitis
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angiodysplasia is
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dilation of submucosal cecal veins
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2nd most common cause of hematochezia
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angiodysplasia
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2 dz assoc w/ angiodysplasia
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vWE, calcific aortic stenosis
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Tx angiodysplasia
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cauterize ruptured telangiectasias
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Meckel's diverticulum 2's
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2 in long, 2 ft from ileocecal, 2% pop, 2% symptomatic
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Meckel's diverticulitis mimics
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appendicitis
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most common complication of Mecke's diverticulum
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bleeding
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SI pulsion diverticula most common in
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duodenum
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complication of SI diverticula: 2
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diverticulitis, bact overgrowth
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most common site for diverticular
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sigmoid
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most common site for hematochezia
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sigmoid
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most common site of fistulas
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sigmoid
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most common cause sigmoid diverticular dz
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constipation
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diverticulosis v. diverticulitis
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hematochezia not in diverticulitis (scarring prevents)
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smoking role in UC v. CD
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smoking protective in UC, risk factor in CD
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UC v. CD: which is transmural
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CD
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UC v. CD: which inv other areas of GIT?
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CD
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UC v. CD: which mainly in rectum
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UC
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UC v. CD: which mainly in ileum
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UC
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UC v. CD: infl pseudopolyps
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UC
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UC v. CD: cobblestoning
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CD
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UC v. CD: serpentine mucosa
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UC
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UC v. CD: friable, bloody mucosa
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UC
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UC v. CD: ulcers & crypts
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UC
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UC v. CD: noncaseating granulomas
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CD
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UC v. CD: primary sclerosis cholangitis assoc
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UC > CD
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UC v. CD: dysplasia/CA
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UC > CD
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UC v. CD: anorectal fistulas
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CD > UC
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UC v. CD: p-ANCA
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UC
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UC v. CD: HLA-B27
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UC & CD
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UC v. CD: sacroilitis
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CD
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UC v. CD: iritis/uveitis
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CD > UC
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UC v. CD: lead pipe on radiograph
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UC
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UC v. CD: string sign on radiograph
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CD
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UC v. CD: complication of macrocytic anemia
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CD
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UC v. CD: complication of toxic megacolon
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UC
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UC v. CD: complication Ca renal canalici
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CD
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UC v. CD: Tx 5-ASA
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CD > UC
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IBS assoc w/ what psych prob?
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sexual abuse
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what is necessary for carcinoid syndrome w/ carcinoid tumor?
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liver mets
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most common site carcinoid tumor
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vermiform appendix
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marker for carcinoid syndrome
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inc urine 5-HIAA
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bowel primary lymphoma usu in
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Peyer's patches
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most common site GI CA
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sigmoid
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which has greater risk for developing colon CA - villous or tubular adenoma
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villous
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genetics of Peutz-Jeghers
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auto dom
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genetics of FAP
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auto dom
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genetics of Gardner's syndrome
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auto dom
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genetics of Turcot's syndrome
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auto R
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DDx FAP v. Gardner's 2
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Gardner's also inc benign osteoma, desmoid tumor
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DDx FAP v. Turcot's 2
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Turner's also in colon CA, brain tumor
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sequential gene mutations in CRC 3
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APC -> RAS -> TP53
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most common site colon CA
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rectosigmoid
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obstructing CRC usu on which side
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L side
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bleeding CRC usu on which side
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R side
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small diameter CRC usu on which side
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L side
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large diameter CRC usu on which side
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R side
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Fe def CRC usu on which side
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R side
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pain in appendicitis
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periumbilical pain then shifts to RLQ
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sentinel loop in RLQ
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retrocecal appendicitis
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persistent fever post-appendectomy
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subphrenic abscess
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most common cause anorectal bleeding
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int hemorrhoids
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most common cause of internal hemorrhoids
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straining at stool
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painful hemorrhoids
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external
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painless hemorrhoids
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internal
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anal pruritis & soiling of underwear
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internal hemorrhoids
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painful sacrococcygeal mass w/ purulent drainage
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pilonidal sinus/abscess
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most common anal carcinoma
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basaloid carcinoma
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SCC of anus assoc
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MSM; HPV 16, 18
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mnemonic for Crohn's dz:
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GUTS: granulomas, ulcers, transmural, skip lesions
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