Patho- Ch 26 Respiratory

Front 1

A 10-year-old female develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. She reports that breathing is difficult and she feels she cannot get enough air. What term should the nurse use to document this condition?

Back 1

Dyspnea

Front 2

A 20-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting difficulty breathing when lying down. What term should the nurse use to document this condition?

Back 2

Orthopnea

Front 3

A 50-year-old diabetic male did not take his medication and is now in metabolic acidosis. He is experiencing Kussmaul respirations. What type of breathing will the nurse observe upon assessment?

Back 3

A slightly increase ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause.

Front 4

A 30-year-old female received a severe head injury in a motor vehicle accident. She is now experiencing respiratory abnormalities characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing with periods of apnea. What term should the nurse use when charting this condition?

Back 4

Cheyne-Stokes

Front 5

Which patient would the nurse assess for paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)? A patient with:

Back 5

Left venticular failure

Front 6

A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Which of the following does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause?

Back 6

Hyperventilation

Front 7

A 65-year-old female with emphysema presents to the ER for difficulty breathing. Physical exam reveals bluish skin and mucous membranes. How should the nurse chart this condition? Patient has:

Back 7

Cyanosis

Front 8

A 28-year-old male reports to his primary care provider that he has had a cold for a week and is coughing up bloody secretions. When giving report, what term should the nurse use to describe this condition?

Back 8

Hemoptysis

Front 9

A nurse is reviewing the results of an ABG and finds reduced oxygenation of arterial blood. What term should the nurse use to describe this condition?

Back 9

Hypoxemia

Front 10

A group of mountain climbers experience confusion, tachycardia, edema, and decreased renal output after climbing Mount Rainier. A nurse recalls this condition is caused by:

Back 10

Decreased inspired oxygen

Front 11

A nurse remembers a low ventilation-perfusion ratio results in:

Back 11

Shunting

Front 12

When the pulmonologist discusses the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but do not have adequate perfusion, which statement indicates the nurse understands this condition? When this occurs in a patient it is called:

Back 12

Alveolar dead space

Front 13

A 30-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident and sustains trauma to the lungs and chest wall. He experiences respiratory failure. Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect?

Back 13

Elevated PaCO2

Front 14

A nurse is teaching staff about pulmonary edema. Which information should the nurse include? The most common cause of pulmonary edema is:

Back 14

Left heart failure

Front 15

A 47-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary edema. Which assessment findings will the nurse observe?

Back 15

Pink, frothy sputum

Front 16

A 65-year-old male recently had a cerebrovascular accident that resulted in dysphagia. He now has aspiration of gastric contents. The nurse assesses the patient for which complication?

Back 16

Pneumonia

Front 17

A 26-year-old female recently underwent surgery and is now experiencing dyspnea, cough, fever, and leukocytosis. Tests reveal that she has a collapsed lung caused by removal of air from obstructed alveoli. What condition will the nurse observe on the chart?

Back 17

Absorption atelectasis

Front 18

A 45-year-old male undergoes lung transplantation. He now suffers from airway occlusion secondary to fibrosis. Which diagnosis will the nurse see on the chart?

Back 18

Bronchiolitis obliterans

Front 19

A 50-year-old male presents with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left. Tests reveal that the air pressure in the pleural cavity exceeds barometric pressure in the atmosphere. Based upon these assessment findings, what does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

Back 19

Tension pneumothorax

Front 20

A 60-year-old female with a history of cirrhosis presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and pleural pain. A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained. When giving report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as:

Back 20

Transudative

Front 21

An 80-year-old female develops pneumonia in the hospital. She becomes cyanotic, tachycardic, and develops a fever and cough. Chest x-ray reveals pus in the pleural space. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis documented on the chart?

Back 21

Empyema

Front 22

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with empyema. Upon receiving and reviewing the culture result, which organism does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause?

Back 22

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 23

A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease caused by fibrosis. The patient had a pulmonary functions test. Which of the following findings is expected?

Back 23

Decreased functional residual capacity

Front 24

A 57-year-old male presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume. He is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. When taking the patient's history, which finding is the most probable cause of his illness?

Back 24

Inhalation of silica, asestos, mica

Front 25

A 42-year-old female presents with dyspnea; rapid, shallow breathing; inspiratory crackles; decreased lung compliance; and hypoxemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

Back 25

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Front 26

Which of the following shows a correct cause and effect sequence in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Back 26

Alveolocapillary membrane injury causing a massive inflammatory response

Front 27

A 60-year-old female with emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air. When giving report, the nurse will relay that the patient is most likely experiencing _____ pulmonary disease.

Back 27

Obstructive

Front 28

When the nurse is asked what causes asthma, how should the nurse respond? Asthma is thought to be caused by:

Back 28

Interactions between genetic and environmental factors

Front 29

A nurse recalls asthma is classified by:

Back 29

Clincal severity

Front 30

A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma is related to:

Back 30

Exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation

Front 31

A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:

Back 31

Mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema

Front 32

A 10-year-old male is brought to the ER with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia. The most likely diagnosis on the chart is:

Back 32

Status asthmaticus

Front 33

A 22-year-old female presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal closure of the airway during expiration. While planning care, a nurse recalls this condition is most likely caused by:

Back 33

Thick mucus from hypertrophied glands

Front 34

A 25-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months' duration. When obtaining the patient's history, which of the following findings is most likely to cause this condition?

Back 34

Cigarette smoke

Front 35

A 25-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months' duration. Which of the following is the most significant concern for the nurse to monitor in this patient?

Back 35

Recurrent pulmonary infections

Front 36

A 53-year-old male with a 20-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. When a staff member asks why the patient's airways are obstructed, how should the nurse respond? The airways are obstructed because of:

Back 36

Loss of elastic recoil

Front 37

A 53-year-old male with a 20-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. When the nurse is asked what causes this, what is the nurse's best response? Changes in his lungs are caused by:

Back 37

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

Front 38

Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema should be assessed for which most common presenting factor?

Back 38

Dyspnea

Front 39

A 60-year-old female with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. She has an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. The nurse attributes this finding to:

Back 39

Air trapping

Front 40

A patient asks what causes pneumonia. How should the nurse reply? Pneumonia is caused by:

Back 40

Viral or bacterial infections

Front 41

When the nurse observes a diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia, the patient generally acquires this pneumonia:

Back 41

During hospitalizatoin

Front 42

A 30-year-old male prison inmate contracted tuberculosis during an outbreak. When the nurse reviews the lab results, the organism that caused this condition is a:

Back 42

Bacterium

Front 43

A 30-year-old male prison inmate contracted tuberculosis during an outbreak. While planning interactions, the nurse realizes the patient can transmit this disease through:

Back 43

Airborne droplets

Front 44

A 70-year-old female is in the hospital for pelvic fracture. She develops pulmonary thromboembolism. The nurse realizes this embolus is composed of:

Back 44

Blood clot

Front 45

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Back 45

72-year-old male who is recovering from hio replacement surgery in the hospital

Front 46

An 80-year-old female is in the hospital for a bone fracture. While there she develops a large, nonlethal pulmonary embolus. Which of the following is a direct result of the obstruction to pulmonary blood flow?

Back 46

Pulmonary hypertension

Front 47

When a patient has a massive pulmonary embolism (PE), what complications will the nurse monitor for?

Back 47

Shock and death

Front 48

A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following symptoms most likely occurred before treatment?

Back 48

Cest pain and shortness of breath

Front 49

A 60-year-old male undergoes surgery for a bone fracture. Which of the following nursing measures would be most effective for preventing pulmonary embolism (PE) in this patient?

Back 49

Prevent deep vein thrombosis formation.

Front 50

A 50-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with lung cancer. He was previously exposed to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation at his job. Which of the following should the nurse realize had the greatest impact on the development of his cancer?

Back 50

cigarette smoke

Front 51

A 60-year-old male with a 40-year history of smoking presents with chest pain, cough, sputum production, and pneumonia. Tests reveal widespread metastatic cancer, and the primary care provider plans radiation therapy. Which of following is the most likely type of cancer to be documented on the chart?

Back 51

Non-small cell carcinoma

Front 52

Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in pulmonary embolism (PE)? (Select all that apply.)

Back 52

All the available answers

Front 53

Which of the following are characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH)? (Select all that apply.)

Back 53

Fatigue, Dyspnea, Jugular vein distention

Front 54

A nurse is monitoring a patient for pulmonary hypertension. Which mean pulmonary artery pressure reading will indicate to the nurse that pulmonary hypertension is occurring? Pulmonary artery pressure above _____ mm Hg.

Back 54

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