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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the alteration that anemia causes?
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A reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood resulting in tissue hypoxia.
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Anemia strictly speaking is a reduction in total# or volume of circulating ________or a decrease in the quality or quantity of _________.
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erythrocytes, hemoglobin.
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Anemias are classified by their _____ or by the changes in size and hbg content. -cytic refers to _____ and -chromic refers to _____.
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cause, size, hgb content
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Define. 1) anisocytosis 2) poikilocytosis 3)
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Varying sizes Various shapes
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hypoxemia means what?
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reduced oxygen level in the blood.
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Hemolysis means what?
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Destruction of red blood cells.
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Pernicious and folic acid anemias are in which classification a) Macrocytic-normochomic or b) microcytic hypochromic or c) normocytic- normochromic?
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a) Macrocytic-normochomic
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Iron deficiency and siderroblastic anemias are in which classification a) Macrocytic-normochomic or b) microcytic hypochromic c) normocytic- normochromic?
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b) microcytic hypochromic
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aplastic, posthemorrhagic, hemolytic, sickle cell, and chronic inflammation anemias are in which classification a) Macrocytic-normochomic or b) microcytic hypochromic or c) normocytic- normochromic?
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c) normocytic- normochromic
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macrocytic (megloblastic)means what in terms of cell size and Hgb content?
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Large cell size, normal Hgb.
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Macrocytic-Normochromic Anemias -Cell size and Hgb content?
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Large cells, normal Hgb.
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Microcytic-hypochromic Anemias mean what in terms of RBC size and Hgb content?
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Small size and low Hgb. .
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folate deficiency anemia-folate is needed for ___&____ synthesis within the erythrocyte.
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DNA, RNA
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folic acid deficiency anemia-is common, slow and progressive. It is a megaloblasitic anemia. What are the characteristics of the RBC's?
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inhibited RBC growth, RBC's are few, small, deformed and have a shortened life span. Depleted body stores in liver.
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Folic acid anemia risk factors.
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Alcoholism, poor diet, prolonged drug tx, pregnancy, breast feeding, malignant or intestinal diseases.
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Why is alcoholism a risk factor for folic acid anemia?
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Liver disease, you need liver to process folic acid.
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Signs and symptoms of folic acid anemia. Take a swing.
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Anorexia, shortness of breath, weakness, irritibility, nausea, glossitis.
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What is the tx for folic acid anemia?
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Folic acid supplements, well balanced diet.
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Iron deficiency anemia is a microcytic hypochromic anemia. It is common worldwide and affects what % (range) in adults in US.
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10-30%
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what is the most common type of anemia?
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Iron deficiency.
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There are 2 reasons for risk in iron deficiency anemia. 1) insufficient intake or 2) excessive use. What are some reasons for each.
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Insufficient intake-vegatarian diet, macrobiotic diet, substance abuse, chronic or significant weight loss. Excessive use-heavy or long periods, rapid growth, pregnancy or breast feeding. Used of nsaids or corticosteroids. Parasitic infections, frequent blood donations.
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Who does iron deficiency anemia affect?
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Premenopausal women, premies, teen girls, children.
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Fatigue, headache, tachycardia, coarse ridged, spoon shaped(aka,Kiolonychia) brittle thin nails. Sore red tongue. Sore dry skin on corners of mouth. Blue tinge to sclerae are Signs and symptoms of which anemia?
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iron deficiency anemia
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iron deficiency anemia tx is what?
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Oral iron replacement w/ ascorbic acid.
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pernicious anemia means what in terms of RBC's?
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Inhibited RBC growth, deformed RBC's, impairs myelin function and have low Hgb content.
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Which anemia is caused by malabsorption of vitamin B12. It is characterized by 1) a lack of ____ _____ which is needed to absorb B12 2) widespread RBC destruction (hemolysis). If not treated it can be fatal.
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Pernicious, intrinsic factor
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these signs and symptoms which include disruptions in GI tract, Neurological impairments and cardiovascular are from what type of anemia?
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Pernicious.
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Who is at risk for pernicious anemia?
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Older adults, people with genetic predisposition, immunologic diseases.
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Parenteral (injection/IV) vitamin B12 replacement is the treatment for which anemia?
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pernicious.
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Sideroblasitic Anemia is inefficient _____ uptake resulting in abnormal ________ synthesis.
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Iron, Hgb.
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acquired SA cause?
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None known.
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Hereditary SA is rare and occurs almost elusively among which sex?
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males
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Reversible SA is associated with _________ results from nutritional deficiencies of folate.
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Alcoholism.
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Hemosiderosis is iron ________
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overload
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hypoplasitc anemia is a deficiency of the ____cells in the marrow.
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stem
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Phlebotomy is the ________ of blood from _________.
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removal, circulation.
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myelodysplasitc syndrome is abnormal ________ proliferation.
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marrow
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Normocytic-Normochromic anemias (NNAas) are what in terms of cell size and Hgb content?
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Normal cell size and Hgb but are insufficient in number.
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Alterations of Leukocyte Function can be from a __________ Alterations of Leukocytes meaning change in # of leukocytes or Qualitative Alterations of Leukocytes.
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quantitative
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Leukemia is an abnormal proliferation of what?
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lymphocytes and nonlymphocytic cells.
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Acute leukemia is characterized by _______ or immature cells usually in a _____ cell. In chronic leukemia the predominant cell is ____ _____ but does not ________ ________.
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Undifferentiated, blast cell, more mature, function properly.
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Acute Leukemia about what % arise from the B cell line and what % from T cell line?
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85% B, 15% T
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Acute Leukemia onset and survival time.
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Abrupt and rapid, shorter.
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Chronic Leukemia life expectancy is _______.
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longer than with acute.
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Acute leukemia is treated with ________.
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chemotherapy, and supportive measures including blood transfusions, antibiotics, antifungals and antivirals.
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Treatment for chronic leukemia is __________.
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bone marrow transplants, biologic response modifiers and combo chemotherapy.
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RBC disorders Anemia which is ? Polycthemia which is?
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Anemia-too few RBC, polychthemia too many RBC
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WCB disorders 1) leukopenia which is ? 2) Neutropenia which is? 3) Lymphocytopenia is?
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1) too few WBC. 2) too few neutrophils 3) too few lymphyocytes.
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Platelet disorders. Thrombocytopenia is what? Thrombocytosis is what? Thrombocytopathy is what?
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1) too few platelets. 2) too many platelets 3) dysfunctional platelets.
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Leukocytosis vs leukopenia.
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Leukocytosis is decreased WBC can be normal (after a meal) or abnormal (infections). Leukopenia is abnormally decreased number of WBC.
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Leukemic cell is an abnormal cell that crowds out normal RBC, WBC and platelets leading to Pancytopenia which means what?
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Too few RBC, too few WBC and too few platelets.
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What leukemia accounts for 80% of all childhood leukemias?
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Acute lymphocytic.
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Risk factors for leukemia. List 3 main ones.
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1) smoking, 2) exposure to certain chemicals esp. benzene that is in cigarette smoke and gasoline. 3) exposure to large doses of radiation. ex. Cancer treatment.
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Which leukemia is from abnormal growth of lymphocytes?
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Acute lymphocytic
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Which leukemia is from Uncontrollable spread of small, abnormal lymphocytes in lymph tissue, blood and bone marrow?
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Chronic lymphocytic
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Which leukemia is from Rapid accumulation of myeloblasts?
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Acute myelogenous
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Which leukemia is from Abnormal overgrowth of myeloblasts, metamyelocytes and myelocytes in bone marrow, blood and body tissue?
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Chronic myelogenous.
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Here is a list of signs and symptoms. Tell me which illness? Anemia, fatigue, fever, weight loss, bleeding?
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Acute (either lymphocytic or myelogenic)
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Here is a list of signs and symptoms. Tell me which illness? Anemia, fatigue, fever, weight loss, nodes enlarged?
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Chronic lymphocytic
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Here is a list of signs and symptoms. Tell me which illness? Anemia, fatigue, fever, weight loss, Prolonged infections, weight loss, kidney stones
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chronic myelogenic.
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Here is a list of signs and symptoms. Tell me which illness? Anemia, fatigue, fever, weight loss, liver/spleen enlargement.
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chronic lymphocytic
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people who have _____ syndrome and trisomy 13 are at a higher risk for developing _____leukemia.
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Downs, acute
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Leukemias are classified in 2 ways 1) _____ or chronic.2) lymphocytic or _______.
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Acute, Mylogenous
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