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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the primary function of the lungs
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Ventilation and respiration
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Dome-shaped muscle that assists with respiration |
diaphragm
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Name two causes for respiratory failure
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Can be caused by the inability to ventilate, which results in an increasing buildup if carbon dioxide. Can result from the impairment of alveolar-arterial gas exchange, which results in a decrease of oxygen in the blood. |
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In the lungs ____________ inhaled from the air is ___________ with ___________ from the blood; this process is called __________ respiration.
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oxygen, exchanged, CO2, external
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On inspiration the diaphragm ____________, pulling downward and causing air to be ___________ the lungs. During expiration the diaphragm __________ pushing __________ and forcing air _________ of the lungs.
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contracts, sucked into, relaxes, upward, out
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The sinuses, __________ in the bones lying ___________ the nose, are normally __________ filled.
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cavities, behind, air
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Does an antibiotic effectively treat a common cold?
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no
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Identify the most common cause of sinusitis.
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virus, bacteria
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What condition of the upper gastrointestinal tract can result in laryngitis?
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repeated attacks of acid reflux
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An ordinary cold should clear up in __________ to __________ days.
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4, 5
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General __________ health ____________________ one to the common cold.
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poor, predisposes
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Because the openings of the larynx is __________, inflammation of the larynx sometimes ___________ with ___________.
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narrow, interferes, breathing
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The larynx plays an important role in __________, swallowing, ____________, and protection of the _______ airway.
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speech, respiration, lower
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Treatment of a common cold of a viral nature could include all of the following, except: -Fexofenadine (Allegra) -Aspirin therapy for infants and children -Acetaminophen (Tylenol) -Use of a vaporizer |
Aspirin therapy for infants and children
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When a sinusitis or pharyngitis is of a bacterial nature, which of the following would be considered proper treatment? -Acyclovir (Zovirax) -Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) -Cephalexin (Keflex) -None of the above |
Cephalexin (Keflex)
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Do nasal polyps tend to recur after surgical removal? |
yes
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Identify the most common symptom of laryngeal neoplasm.
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persistent hoarseness or dysphonia
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Trauma, __________ of a ____________, or ___________ can cause bronchial bleeding, as can bronchitis or bronchiectasis.
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erosion, vessel, calcification tumors,
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Atelectasis follows incomplete __________ of the lobules or of the ____________ with partial or complete __________ of the lung.
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expansion, segments of the lungs, collapse
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Collapse of a lung causes severe ___________ of ___________, sudden sharp ___________, falling ___________, rapid pulse, and ____________ and weak ______________.
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shortness, breath, chest pain, blood pressure, shallow, respirations
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When is a nosebleed considered an emergency?
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Hemorrhage from the nose that persists for 10 minutes or more after constant pressure is applied is considered severe and requires immediate emergency care.
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Hemorrhage from the nose, known as ___________, is a common ___________ emergency.
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epistaxis, sudden
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Identify what occurs when a clot of foreign material lodges in and occludes an artery in pulmonary circulation.
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pulmonary embolism
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Where do the vast majority of pulmonary emboli originate?
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a deep vein in the legs or pelvis
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Which patients are considered at high risk for aspiration pneumonia? |
patients who have serious problems with swallowing; it is commonly seen in the elderly, especially those weakened by cancer or those with neurologic problems such as stroke or Parkinson's disease.
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Treatment of pneumonia may include all of the following, except: -Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) -Tetracycline -Acetaminophen (Tylenol) -Dicyclomine (Bentyl) |
Dicyclomine (Bentyl)
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Identify the age groups at most risk for respiratory syncytial viral infection. |
Elderly in nursing homes are at high risk infants and young adults are at risk as well and children under 3
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Where is the causative agent of histoplasmosis found?
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Midwestern Unites States, often found in soil contaminated by droppings from birds or bats specific to the area, which may be a source of the airborne fungus. Infections are associated with disruption of soil, cleaning attics or barns, and tearing down of structures.
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Respiratory syncytial virus has the greatest occurrence during the __________months.
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winter
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Possible complications of influenza are ___________, sinusitis, __________________, and cervical _____________.
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bronchitis, otitis media, lymphadenopathy
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Influenza can be treated with which of the following therapies? -Bed rest -Increased fluid intake -Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) -All of the above |
All of the above
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What is the prognosis for emphysema?
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The prognosis for ling-term disease is poor; in the Unites States, emphysema is the most common cause of death from respiratory disease.
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Pulmonary emphysema can be treated with various therapies. Which of the following would not be a common treatment? -Albuterol inhalation -Ipratropium inhalation -Furosemide (Lasix) -Prednisone |
Furosemide (Lasix)
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What does the term pneumoconiosis mean?
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Pneumoconiosis is any disease of the lung caused by long-term mineral dust inhalation.
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What accumulates in the pleural cavity when hemothorax is the diagnosis?
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blood and fluid in the pleural cavity
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Describe the fracture that occurs when the patient is diagnosed with flail chest.
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multiple rib fractures; the sternum also may be fractured. a double fracture of three or more adjacent ribs |
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The treatment for hemothorax includes re-expanding the lung, usually by ___________ with closed ___________ to evacuate the blood
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thoracostomy, drainage
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Name the condition that causes sharp needle-like pain and increases with inspiration and coughing.
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Pleurisy (Pleuritis)
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Identify the two types of pleurisy.
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Wet and Dry
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Wet pleurisy
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is when pleural fluid (effusion) is present, the increased volume causes compression of the pulmonary tissue and dyspnea.
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Dry pleurisy
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occurs when the pleural fluid decreases in volume, resulting in a dryness between the pleura; the layers rub together and become congested and edematous
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Pleurisy is an inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs. Which combination of medications would be the best therapy? -Antibiotics and diuretics -Anti-inflammatories and beta blockers -Antibiotics and beta blockers -Antibiotics and analgesics |
Antibiotics and analgesics
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Identify the intradermal test that is used to detect the presence of tuberculin antibodies. |
the Mantoux test (purified protein derivative or PPD test)
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From 1982 through 1985, what contributed to the increase of tuberculosis in the United States?
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increased immigration and travel from Asia, South and Central America, and the AIDS epidemic contributed to the increase
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Pulmonary tuberculosis is acquired by the ___________ of a dried droplet __________ that contains the _____________ ________________.
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inhalation, nucleus, tubercle bacillus
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Discuss the importance of identifying patients with infectious tuberculosis, including measures of treatment.
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Persons with communicable TB must either be treated or quarantined. New cases must be reported to the local health department. Treatment is dependent on whether the TB is latent or active. Latent TB is generally treated with isoniazid (INH). Therapy can last upwards of 6 to 9 months, Active TB consist of drug therapy using multiple antituberculosis agents. Isoniazid is administered with rifampin, ethambutol, or pyrazinamide. Drug resistant TB is treated more aggressively with various combinations of medication.
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Infectious mononucleosis can be treated with all of the following therapies, except: -Salmeterol inhaler (Serevent) -Bed rest -Adequate fluid intake -Antipyretic medication |
Salmeterol inhaler (Serevent)
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Is the prognosis for adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) good or guarded?
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Guarded
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Name the most common cause of cancer death worldwide for both men and women.
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Lung Cancer
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Name the primary risk factor for developing lung cancer.
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Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for development of lung cancer. It is usually caused by repeated carcinogenic irritation to the bronchial epithelium, leading to increased rated of cell division.
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Dysphonia is a common symptom of a: -Tumor of the bronchioles -Tumor of the lung -Tumor of the larynx -None of the above |
Tumor of the larynx
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Nasal polyps are growths that form from distended mucous membranes and protrude into the: -Sinus cavity -Throat -Nasal cavity -None of the above |
Nasal cavity
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A pulmonary abscess is an area of contained ___________ in the lung. -Fluid -Infectious material -Tissue -None of the above |
Infectious material
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Histoplasmosis is a ______________ disease originating in the lungs, with greatest occurrence in the Midwestern United States. -Bacterial -Fungal -Viral -None of the above |
Fungal
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A pneumothorax is a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity that can cause: -A collapsed lung -Lung cancer -A bacterial infection -All of the above |
A collapsed lung
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Infectious mononucleosis is caused by: -Epstein-Barr virus -Histoplasmosis -Bacteria -None of the above |
Epstein-Barr virus
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Organism-specific antibiotics are used to treat: - Histoplasmosis -Mononucleosis -Bacterial pneumonia -All of the above |
Bacterial pneumonia
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Exposure to ______________ smoke may make an individual more susceptible to any respiratory condition a. Primary b. Secondary -Both a and b -None of the above |
Both a and b
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Pneumoconiosis is caused from inhalation of -An airborne virus -Moisture droplets -Inorganic dust -All of the above |
Inorganic dust
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Examples of occupational diseases include: - Pneumonia, sinusitis and rhinitis - Asbestosis, anthracosis, and silicosis Flail chest, -Pulmonary abscess, and emphysema - None of the above |
Asbestosis, anthracosis, and silicosis
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Legionellosis is a more severe form of Pontiac fever, and both forms are: -Contagious -Not contagious -Congenital -None of the above |
Not contagious
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Barrel chest, chronic cough, and dyspnea are all symptoms of: - Emphysema - Pneumonia - Hemothorax - None of the above |
Emphysema
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With flail chest there are _______________ fractures of three or more adjacent ribs. a. single b. double Both a and b neither a or b |
double
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Sinusotomy, antibiotics, and decongestants may all be treatments for: - sinusitis - bronchitis - allergic rhinitis - None of the above |
sinusitis
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There are almost 200 different viruses that are responsible for causing: -sinusitis -bronchitis -The common cold -None of the above |
The common cold
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In the Southwest Coccidioidomycosisis caused by a fungus, Coccidioides immitis. This is the agent that causes the disease known as: -Legionnaires' disease -Histoplasmosis -Valley fever -Asthma |
Valley fever
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Currently a human vaccine exists for which of the following? -HINI (swine flu) -SARS -Avian flu -Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia |
HINI (swine flu)
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Which of the following facts is (are) true about the health hazards of common molds? -Mold in homes can cause symptoms of allergy - Mold exposure does NOT always present a health problem -All mold should be treated the same regarding potential health risks. -Each of the above |
Each of the above
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The accumulation of pus or gas by microorganism activity in the pleural space can result in: -Valley fever -Pneumothorax -Histoplasmosis -Tuberculosis |
Pneumothorax
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The second most common cause of cancer death worldwide in men is: -Colon and rectum cancer -Brain cancer -Skin cancer -None of the above |
Colon and rectum cancer
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The maintenance of the acid-base balance of the blood is linked to the function of: -the lungs and the kidneys -the lungs and the adrenal glands -the lungs and the nervous system -the lungs and the bronchial tubes |
the lungs and the kidneys
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The common cold is a group of minor illnesses caused by: -fungi. -bacteria. -almost 200 viruses or from mycoplasma. -all of the above. |
almost 200 viruses or from mycoplasma
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The treatment of sinusitis may include: -antibiotics, decongestants, and antihistamines. - allergy testing, immunotherapy, and corticosteroids. -sinusotomy. -all of the above. |
all of the above.
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A crooked nasal septum or deviated septum can cause: -compromise of the air passage. -increased tendency to sinusitis. -cosmetic concern. -all of the above. |
all of the above.
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Common colds impart immunity and respond to antibiotic therapy. -True -False |
False
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Allergic rhinitis and allergic sinusitis can lead to inflammation of the mucosa of the sinuses and resulting sinusitis. - True -False |
True
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Growths that form from distended mucous membranes protruding into the nasal cavity are called: -adenoid hypertrophy. -lymphadenopathy. -nasal polyps. -all of the above. |
nasal polyps
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The common symptom of a tumor of the larynx is: - dysphonia. - hemoptysis. - stridor. - exsanguination. |
dysphonia
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Of primary importance in the diagnosis of hemoptysis is: -defining the type. -surgical intervention. -determining the source of the bleeding. - controlling pain. |
determining the source of the bleeding
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What is the most common site for head and neck tumors? -Nasal septum -Tonsils -Larynx -Sinuses |
Larynx
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Atelectasis, an airless or collapsed state of pulmonary tissue, may result from: -obstruction in the bronchial tree. -prolonged inactivity. -failure to deep breathe postoperatively. -all of the above. |
all of the above
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Causes of epistaxis are: -direct trauma or foreign body. -hypertension or other systemic disorders. -hemophilia and leukemia. -all of the above. |
all of the above
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Stasis of blood flow from immobility, injury to a vessel, or predisposition to clot formation increase the risk of: -pulmonary embolism. -chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).- emphysema. -all of the above. |
pulmonary embolism
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Treatment of pneumonia includes: -organism-specific antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia. -penicillin for viral pneumonia. -thoracentesis. -all of the above. |
organism-specific antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia.
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Difficulty swallowing is: -dystonia. -dysphagia. -dysphonia. -dyspnea. |
dysphagia
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If a patient coughs up bright or dark blood-streaked sputum from the pulmonary or bronchial circulation, he/she has: -hematemesis. -epistaxis. - hemoptysis. -hemostasis. |
hemoptysis
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Increased carbon dioxide in the blood may lead to: - hypocapnia and respiratory acidosis. - hypercapnia and respiratory alkalosis. - hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis. - hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. |
hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis
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Breathing is controlled by the: -central nervous system. -respiratory system. -pulmonary system. -peripheral nervous system. |
central nervous system
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The dome-shaped muscle that assists with respiration is: -diaphragm. -heart. -sternum. -alveolus. |
diaphragm
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An area of contained infectious material in the lung is known as: - histoplasmosis. - pulmonary abscess. - flail chest. - Legionella infection. |
pulmonary abscess
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The pneumonia-like disease caused by bacteria that thrive in warm aquatic environments and are inhaled from moisture droplets in air conditioning units is called: histoplasmosis. pulmonary abscess. flail chest. Legionella infection. |
Legionella infection
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Pontiac fever is a milder form of Legionellosis; both forms are not contagious. True False |
True
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___________ is a fungal disease originating in the lungs, with the greatest occurrence in the Midwestern United States. Histoplasmosis Pulmonary abscess Flail chest Legionella infection |
Histoplasmosis
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Who is at most risk for respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia (RSV)? Infants Young children The elderly Correct! All of the above |
All of the above
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Target groups for influenza immunization include persons aged 65 and older, patients with chronic disease, health care providers, and other high-risk persons. True False |
True
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Prophylactic use of vaccines against influenza is effective in reducing the occurrence of the disease, especially in older and infirm adults. True False |
True
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________ refers to obstructive diseases of the lungs, including chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, asthma, emphysema, and pneumoconiosis. IRDS COPD Infectious mononucleosis ARDS |
COPD
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A history of smoking is listed as an etiologic factor in bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, and lung cancer. True False |
True
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Exposure to both primary and secondary smoke may make the individual more susceptible to any respiratory condition because the smoke is an irritant to the respiratory tract. True False |
True
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Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection, so no known prevention exists. True False |
False
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Permanent, irreversible dilation or distortion of the bronchi, resulting from destruction of muscular bronchial wall, describes: emphysema. bronchiectasis. pneumoconiosis. pneumothorax. |
bronchiectasis
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__________ is a destructive disease of the alveoli and the adjacent capillary walls resulting in chronic dyspnea, cough, and the characteristic barrel chest. Emphysema Bronchiectasis Pneumoconiosis Pneumothorax |
Emphysema
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Occupational diseases that cause progressive, chronic inflammation and infection in the lungs from inhalation of inorganic dust are termed: emphysema. bronchiectasis. pneumoconiosis. pneumothorax. |
pneumoconiosis
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Asbestosis, anthracosis, and silicosis are considered occupational diseases. True False |
True
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Also known as "black lung", this is a type of pneumoconiosis caused by accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs from inhaling smoke or coal dust. Silicosis Sarcoidosis Anthracosis Asbestosis |
Anthracosis
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Pulmonary hemorrhage and memory loss may be a rare health condition caused by: Toxic mold. SARS. Legionnaire's disease. Sarcoidosis. |
Toxic mold
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The virus that its primary reservoir for the virus is wild ducks and is spread to domestic chickens, pigs, turkeys and horses through water and soil contaminated with feces is: RSV. Histoplasmosis. Pontiac fever. Avian flu. |
Avian flu
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The causative organism for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a: Tubercle bacillis. Corona virus. Fungus. Retrovirus. |
Corona virus
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San Joaquin Valley fever is caused by the fungus: Blastomycosis. Histoplasma capsulatum. Legionella pneumonphila. Coccidioides immitis. |
Coccidioides immitis.
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A double fracture of three or more adjacent ribs resulting in instability in the chest wall describes a patient with: histoplasmosis. pulmonary abscess. flail chest. Legionella infection. |
flail chest
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A collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, resulting in a collapsed lung, describes a condition called: emphysema. bronchiectasis. pneumoconiosis. pneumothorax. |
pneumothorax
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Hemothorax is life-threatening and requires emergency care. True False |
True
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Due to improved prevention and treatment measures for tuberculosis, TB is no longer considered a public health risk. True False |
False
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The Epstein-Barr virus is the cause of: infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). COPD. infectious mononucleosis. adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). |
infectious mononucleosis
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Severe hypoxemia in a patient who has recently experienced trauma is called shock lung or: IRDS. COPD. infectious mononucleosis. ARDS. |
ARDS
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In most cases the prognosis of lung cancer is good because people seek medical attention before metastasis occurs. True False |
False
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Early detection of lung cancer has been proven to improve survival. True False |
False
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Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide for both men and women. True False |
True
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Sarcoidosis is a muyltisystem granulomatous disorder most commonly detected in the lungs. True False |
True
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The most fatal and rapidly growing lung cancer is: Large cell Small cell Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell |
Small cell
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IN what condition are the lungs hemorrhagic, wet, boggy, congested and unable to diffuse oxygen? ARDS SARS Sarcoidosis Flail chest |
ARDS
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