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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most upper respiratory tract infections are ___________ in nature.
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virus
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Most common pathogen for Epiglottitis is
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Haemophilus influenzae B
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What conditions is described as Causing inspiratory stridor – “barking” or “brass cough”, marked by spasm of the vocal chords & Most common in children less than 3 y/o
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Croup
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Most common pathogen for Croup is
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parainfluenza
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Most common pathogen for Bacterial Pneumonia is
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- Streptococcus pneumoniae
AKA: Pneumococcal pneumonia - accounts for over 60-80% of cases of bacterial pneumonia |
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What is the differance b/w Lobar and Bronchopneumonia
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Lobar – involves an entire lobe
Bronchopneumonia – scattered foci in one or several lobes |
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What Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogen is typically a nosocomial or Hospital acquired pneumonia, One of the most difficult to treat & associated with ventilator support, burn victims, neutropenic
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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What Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogen is actually a bacteria-like organism causing mild pneumonia, prolonged course, rarely fatal, spreads rapidly in barracks and dorms
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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What Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogen is seen more in alcoholics, found in the GI tract, leads to tissue necrosis and abscess formation & Currant-jelly sputum
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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What Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogen is uncommon but may coexist with viral pneumonias
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Staphylococcal
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What Bacterial Pneumonia Pathogen grows in moist, warm areas, no person to person spread, often fatal in elderly, debilitated, or immunocompromised
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Legionella pneumophilia
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A 24-y/o FM C/O fever, productive cough with foul smelling green sputum, and myalgia. On exam you suspicion of bacterial pneumonia. What is the MOST LIKELY pathogen
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Which is more common VIRAL pneumonias or Bacterial pneumonias?
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Bacterial pneumonias
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A 67-y/o M C/O a productive cough with yellowish sputum X 5 months. He denies any fever, chills, or night sweats. On exam you note pt appears to turn somewhat cyanotic in the face. What does this patient MOST LIKELY have?
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Chronic bronchitis
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AKA Pontiac fever
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Legionella pneumophilia
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what condition leads to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucous glands, then metaplastic formation of mucin-secreting goblet cells
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Chronic Bronchitis
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Referred to as blue bloaters
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Chronic Bronchitis
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Most common complication of chronic bronchitis
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Bronchiectasis
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Most of the non-smoking patients with this Dz have a genetic deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin
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Emphysema
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COPD ranges from ____________to ___________, but most patients have both diseases & are classified by which one they exhibit most.
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Chronic Bronchitis to Emphysema
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Permanent dilation of a bronchial tube due to destruction of muscle and elastic fibers in the bronchial wall
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Bronchiectasis
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You are reading the case history of a long-term smoker who is suffering from destruction of the alveolar walls. You expect the diagnosis to be _____________________
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Emphysema
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If a 45 y/o female patient is suffering from asthma which you suspect is triggered by her cat, she is probably suffering from (instrinsic/extrinsic) asthma.
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instrinsic
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What type of asthma represents a type I hypersensitivity reaction, Seen in early life (usually before 10 y/o)
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Extrinsic
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A 42 y/o black female presents to you with a low-grade fever and fatigue. You order a CXR and see that she has pulmonary nodules. You suspect _______________and your next step is a _______________of the granuloma.
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- Sarcoidosis
- Diagnosis is confirmed with a biopsy of a granuloma |
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X-rays show pulmonary nodules and hilar lymph node enlargement
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Sarcoidosis
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Which diseases is characterized by dyspnea, cough, and wheezing resulting from sensitivity to a specific allergen?
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Extrinsic asthma
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Diseases caused by inhalation of mineral dusts, fumes, and various other organic and inorganic particulate matter
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Pneumoconioses
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Also known as ‘Black Lung Disease’
The presence of repeated and overwhelming exposure to carbon particles |
Pneumoconioses:
Coal-Workers Lung Disease |
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Caused by inhalation of small silica crystals, Characterized by fibronodular lesions in the lung parenchyma
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Pneumoconioses:
Silicosis |
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Which Pneumoconioses has been clearly linked to cancer?
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Asbestosis
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Diffuse alveolar damage leading to respiratory failure that does not respond to oxygen therapy
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ARDS
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what are the most common causes of ARDS
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Shock
Pneumonia Toxic lung injury Aspiration of fluids |
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Atelectasis is usually due to collapse of a lung due to what (4) things?
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Lack of expansion – post-op pts
Resorption - due to mucus plug/obstruction Compression – Air/blood/fluid Contraction – fibrotic changes |
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caused by lack of surfactant in newborn causing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
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Microatelectasis
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In the case of RDS, why is ventilation support typically ineffective
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Diffuse capillary damage in the alveoli results in fluid accumulation preventing capillary exchanges
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Laryngeal Carcinomas that develops directly on vocal chords 60% - 70% of cases
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Glottic tumors
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Leading cause of cancer deaths in the US, 90% of patients with lung cancer are smokers
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Lung Carcinomas
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95% of primary lung tumors arise from where
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the bronchial epithelium
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what are more common than PRIMARY lung tumors
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Metastases
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Your x-ray shows a tumor in the bronchi and central lung that is beginning to compress her superior vena cava, and tests revealed metasticis to the adrenal glands. The patient is coughing up bright red blood. You immediately want to rule out _____________carcinoma.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Has the worst prognosis of all primary lung tumors, Often found due to symptoms related to metastases
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Small Cell (oat cell) Carcinoma
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Which lung cancers are more common than primary lung cancers
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Metastatic
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Which of the following primary lung cancers tends to originate from the peripheral regions of the lungs?
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Adenocarcinoma
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Air trapped in the pleural space accumulates leading to a
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Tension pneumothorax
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air within the pleura, outside of lung parenchyma
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Pneumothorax
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Accumulation of excess fluid between the pleura on the surface of the lung and the chest wall
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Pleural effusion
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what types of pleural effusion has watery tissue fluid due to increased hydrostatic pressure (CHF)
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Hydrothorax
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what types of pleural effusion has turbid effusion from infection
Also known as - ‘Pleural Empyema |
Pyothorax
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what types of pleural effusion has blood in the pleural space
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Hemothorax
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what types of pleural effusion has milky, lipid rich fluid from blocked lymphatics or trauma.
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Chylothorax
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A 21-year-old active duty male is running his 2-mile PT test when he feels a ‘pop’ in his chest. Moments later, he start to develop significant dyspnea and collapses. you suspect what?
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A spontaneous pneumothorax occurred resulting in a tension pneumothorax
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A 64-year-old male known to you as a severe alcoholic presents to your clinic complaining of fever, productive cough with a bloody-jelly-like sputum, and myalgia.you suspicion of bacterial pneumonia. What is the MOST LIKELY pathogen?
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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