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216 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AFI 13-217 |
Drop Zone and Landing Zone Operations |
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AFI 11-231 |
Computed Air Release Point Procedures (Tells pilot Rules for CARP) |
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FM 3-21.38 |
Pathfinder Operation (VIRS) |
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TC 3-21.220 |
Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Training (DOD publication) |
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USASOC REG. 350-2 |
Training Airborne Operation (GMRS) |
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AFI 11-2C-130v3 |
C130 Operation Procedures |
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AFI 11-2C-17v3 |
C17 Operations Procedures |
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What is a Drop Zone? |
Designated Area where personnel and/or equipment are delivered by parachute or free drop |
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Who selects a drop zone? |
GUC - Ground unit commander |
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DZSTL |
Drop zone support team leader |
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What must the DZSTL be able to advise the GUC on? |
suitability of a drop zone |
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8 drop zone selection factors (ADTMOAAS) |
1. Airdrop Airspeed 2. Drop Altitude 3. Type of airdrop 4. Method of airdrop 5. Obstacles 6. Access 7. Adequate approach and departure routes 8. Size of drop zone |
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Which of the 8 drop zones selection factors is most important? |
All EQUALLY important |
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KIAS |
Knots Indicated Airspeed |
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KIAS is relative to what? |
-Speed of wind relative to the wing - Measured via pilot-static system |
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What will Airdrop airspeed determine? |
amount of time the a/c will fly over the drop zone |
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What is the Airdrop airspeed utilized for? |
- calculating useable drop zone size of CARP - planning phase of GMRS/VRS - Determining forward throw for STOL and rotary-wing A/C |
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STOL |
Short takeoff and Landing |
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What is the Planning drop speed of UH-series a/c? (UH-1/UH-60) |
70 KIAS |
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What is the Planning drop speed of CH-series a/c? (CH-47/-53) |
90 KIAS |
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What is the Planning drop speed of STOL a/c? (C-23 Sherpa/Casa-212/OV-10) |
105 KIAS |
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What is the Planning drop speed of C-130/C-17 Personnel/Door Bundles Static Line? |
130 KIAS |
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What is the Panning drop speed of C-130/C-17 CDS/Equipment/Combinations? |
140 KIAS |
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What is the planning drop speed of C-17 Heavy Equipment? |
150 KIAS |
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What is the airdrop speed of a C-130 Heavy Equipment? |
140 KIAS |
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What is the airdrop speed for free fall (free drop)? High Velocity CDS? Wedge? Ahkio Sled? CRRC? HSLLADS? |
140 KIAS (for all of them) |
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Combination drops will always use which airdrop airspeed? |
The higher one |
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A C-17 or C-130 will never be in a trail formation? |
C-17 |
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What is drop altitude used to determine? |
- the amount of drift a load experiences during descent due to MEW |
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How is the required drop altitude determined? |
type of load and/or type of parachute |
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MEW |
Mean Effective Winds |
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Where is drop altitude measured? |
Above Ground Level (AGL) |
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AGL |
Above Ground Level |
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Where is AGL measured from? |
The highest field elevation to the a/c |
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MSL |
Mean Sea Level (Altitude the a/c is flying relative to sea level) |
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Where is MSL measured from? In what increments? |
1. Sea Level to the a/c 2. 50 ft |
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How do you calculate for Feet MSL? |
1. Take field elevation (ASL) 2. round up to next nearest 50ft 3. add to feet AGL (unit of measure: ft MSL) |
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What is the rotary-wing/STOL drop altitude of Personnel day? Night? |
1500 ft AGL (both) |
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What is the rotary-wing/STOL drop altitude of Bundles Day? Night? |
1. 300 ft AGL 2. 500 ft AGL |
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What is the rotary-wing/STOL drop altitude of LCLA day? Night? |
150 ft AGL (both) |
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If a rotary-wing/STOL a/c flys at 90 KIAS or faster, what is the MINIMUM that drop personnel? Which A/C cannot? |
1. 1250 ft AGL 2. UH-series a/c |
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USAF Fixed wing delivery planned delivery altitude? |
1000 ft AGL |
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USAF fixed wing drop altitude during combat operations (War)? |
determined jointly by Airborne and Airlift commanders |
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USAF fixed wing drop altitude for Tactical Training? |
1000 ft AGL |
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USAF fixed wing drop altitude for Basic Airborne Refresher Training? |
1250 ft AGL |
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USAF fixed wing drop altitude for SATB-P? |
500 ft AGL (Simulated Airborne Training Bundle- Personnel) |
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What is a combination drop? Which altitude is used? |
1. When an a/c is dropping different type loads during the same pass on either the same A/C or another in formation 2. highest airdrop altitude |
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What are the three types of Airdrops? |
1. Low velocity 2. High Velocity 3. Free Drop |
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What is the primary difference between the airdrop types? |
type of parachute used |
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Low Velocity airdrop? |
- used to slow the rate of decent to prevent damage to equipment or injury to jumper - used on SI and PAX |
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High Velocity Airdrop? |
used to stabilize the load, reduce rate of descent to ensure acceptable landing shock |
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Free Drop Airdrop? |
- no parachute attached - non-SI only - caution around built-up areas or airfields |
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What are the 3 methods of Airdrop? |
1. Personnel and door bundles 2. Gravity 3. Extraction |
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How is a Personnel/Door Bundle method executed? |
Airdrop load: self-exits or is pushed/skidded/kicked from paradoor or ramp |
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How many seconds are allotted for a jumper to exit the a/c? CARP door bundles? Door bundle in GMRS/VIRS? |
1. 1 sec 2. 1 sec 3. 3 sec |
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How is a Gravity airdrop method executed? |
nose-high attitude, load exits ramp of A/C |
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How is Extraction airdrop method executed? |
Extraction parachute pulls load off of A/C |
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Do you count the first jumper/door bundle in required time? |
no |
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Who is responsible for RECON of the site and declaring obstacles? |
DZSTL |
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Obstacles to personnel? |
pose a hazard to the jumper or prevent jumper from accomplishing mission |
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Obstacle to equipment? |
hinder the recovery of the load or cause damage to a load |
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What are the three primary obstacles? |
Trees (35ft or higher — distance or parachute) Water (4ft deep AND 40ft wide — 1000m of any DZ edge) Power Lines (50volts or greater — 1000m of any DZ edge) |
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What are some other obstacles? |
barbed wire fence swamps ditches gullies steep inclines buildings vehicles (stationary or moving) |
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What can the DZSTL declare about any body of water? |
that it is an obstacle |
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When planning access to the DZ, what must you avoid? |
- Major obstacles to personnel and equipment from DZ to objective - Adequate routes available for equipment recovery |
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When planning Approach/Departure routes, what four things must be considered? NOTE |
No-Fly Areas Obstacles to the a/c (man-made objects) Terrain higher than the DZ (natural objects) Enemy situation and Location |
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What FM is the reference for size of VIRS DZ? |
FM 3-21.38 |
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What Reg is the reference for size of GMRS DZ? |
USASOC Reg. 350-2 |
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What AF Reg is the reference for size of CARP DZ? |
AFI 13-217 |
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VIRS |
Verbally Initiated Release System |
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GMRS |
Ground Marked Release System |
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CARP |
Computed Air Release Point |
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What is the Primary and Secondary References for CARP? |
1. AFI 13-217 2. AFI 11-231 |
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DZST |
Drop zone Support Team |
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PI |
Point of Impact |
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The DZST marks the PI on the drop Zone so that the A/C Navigator can compute what? |
the release point form the air |
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The position of the PI for HAARS is where? |
center of the DZ |
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The position of the PI for HV-CDS is where? |
center of the DZ for the 1st item released |
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RPI |
Random Points of Impact |
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RPI is typical only used during time of what? |
Visual Meteorological conditions VMC |
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What are the Requirements for Option 1 of RPI? |
- Notify DZSTL 24 hrs prior - DZSTL will randomly select point on DZ for PI (Minimum size requirements met) |
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What are the Requirements for Option 2 of RPI? |
- mission commander selects PI in specific place - Request: 24 hrs prior - falls within min size requirements |
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MPI |
Multiple Points of Impact |
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VMC |
Visual Meteorological Conditions |
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How far Offset of the surveyed PI can a C-17 on either side? |
2 a/c: 125 yds 3 a/c: 250 yds |
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What is a Random Approach DZ? |
- variation of a previously surveyed DZ - sufficient size to permit multiple run-in headings |
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RAM |
Raised Angle Marker |
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Rectangular DZs are marked with what letters? |
J, C, A, R, S (USAF) |
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Circular or random approach DZs are marked with what letters? |
O, H (USAF) |
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Code letters should be a minimum of how large? |
35ft x 35ft |
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What is the minimum number of lights/panels needed to mark code letters on a CARP DZ? |
- 9 panels (Day) - 9 white omni-directional lights (night) |
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Who established the Control Center on CARP DZ? |
DZSTL |
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Where is the amber rotating beacon located on a CARP DZ? |
1000m or trail edge of DZ on drop heading |
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What pertinent factors does the DZ control center take into account? |
- an unobstructed line of sight - winds - positive control of the DZ - surrounding airspace - security requirements |
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What must always be considered when choosing a control point? |
Safety factors |
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Where is the control center for Personnel/Door Drops located? |
At the PI |
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Where is the control center for CSD/DRAS Drops located? |
200 yds 6 o’clock of the PI |
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Where is the control center for HE drops located? |
300 yds 6 o’clock of the PI |
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Where is the control center for HV-CDS/HAARS/Free Drops/AWADS & ceiling 600 ft or less located? |
Off the DZ |
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What form is used as a Strike Report? Who is it forwarded to? |
1. AF Form 4304 2. S3 Air (Score card for aircrew’s accuracy of computing Release Point and hitting PI) |
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On the Strike Report, how would you mark a #1 jumper landing within 25 yds of the PI? |
PI |
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If the #1 jumper can be observed, what three methods will be used to score on the Strike Report? |
1. Estimated 2. Paced 3. Measured |
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If the #1 jumper Cannot be observed, how would you mark the Strike Report if Less than 90% of Jumpers land on DZ? At least 90% land on DZ? |
1. U 2. S |
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*** How much do you add when computinG MULIT-SHIP DRAS? |
400 yds |
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What are the 5 steps to determine a VIRS/GMRS DZ? |
1. Determine drop heading 2. Determine the PI 3. Determine wind direction and speed 4. Pace off drift in meters into the wind 5. Pace off forward throw on the back azimuth of drop heading |
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What are the 3 factors to determine drop heading? |
long axis wind direction obstacles on the approach and departure ends of DZ |
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When determining the drop heading, if the DZ was surveyed and an AF 3823 is published, what will you use? |
the magnetic course indicated |
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Where will the PI for personnel be? |
Centerline 100m from the leading edge |
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Where will the PI for Door Bundles be? |
Centerline on the leading edge |
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What publication will you use to determine the PI size for CDS/HE DZ if a tactical assessment is done rather than a published AF 3823? |
CARP charts — AFI 13-217 |
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PIBALL |
pilot balloon Measures MEW |
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It is beneficial to transmit the MEW to the A/C when? |
before the first pass |
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What are the two sizes of PIBALL? |
10 gram 30 gram |
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What is the Day/Night circumferences of a 10gram PIBALL? |
57in/74in |
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What is the Day/Night circumferences of a 30gram PIBALL? |
75in/94in |
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What is Forward Throw? |
the effect inertia has on a falling object |
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What is the Forward throw for personnel/Door bundles from a C-130? C-17? |
229m 229m |
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What is the forward throw for Personnel MFF from a C-130? C-17? |
328yds 328yds |
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What is the forward throw for HE from a C-130? C-17? |
500 yds 700 yds |
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What is the forward throw for CDS/CRS/CRL from a C-130? C-17? |
550 yds 725 yds |
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What is the forward throw for SATB from a C-130? C-17? |
160yds n/a |
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How do you determine the forward throw from a rotary-wing/STOL a/c? |
half the distance of drop speed (KIAS) |
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What is the minimum VIRS/GMRS drop zone size? |
275m x 275m 300yds X 300yds |
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What are the code letters for Army DZ? |
H, E, A, T |
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On a night VIRS DZ, the flank light is what kind of light? The rest are which kind of light? |
bi-directional (toward a/c approach route & control center) directional (toward a/c approach route) |
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The Flank Panel/light is how far from the RP on a VIRS? |
200m to the left 45 deg toward the RP |
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The far panel/light is how far from the RP on a VIRS? |
500m up or Trail edge of DZ 45 deg toward the RP |
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How are the colors marked on a VIRS DZ? |
all the same color |
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What is the GMRS masking ratio? |
15:1 |
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What is the formula to determine Length of a VIRS/GMRS DZ? |
D= RxT D (+200 for jumpers, +PI shift) ROUND UP R (KIASx.51) |
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What is the formula to determine Time of a VIRS/GMRS DZ? |
T=D/R D (-200m for jumpers, -PI shift) R (round up) (KIASx.51) T (round down) |
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What is the formula to find Drift of a VIRS/GMRS DZ? |
D=KxAxV D (round up) A (alt/100) V (MEW) |
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What is the Drift Constant (K) for Personnel? |
3.0 |
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What is the Drift Constant (K) for HE? CDS/CRL/CRS? Door Bundles? |
All 1.5 |
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What is the Drift Constant (K) for SATB? |
2.4 |
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What is the Drift Constant (K) for HVCDS? |
zero |
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The DZ Support Team DZST must consist of a min of how many members? |
two |
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Who on the DZST is the senior member? |
DZSTL |
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What requirements must a DZSTL meet? |
- E-5 or above (Army/Navy), E-4 or above (USAF/USMC) - NCO, Officer, or Civ equivalent - Completed appropriate initial training as DZSTL and satisfy parent service requirements - For PAX/HE must be current Jumpmaster - For CDS on CARP DZ and Door Bundles on any DZ, DZSTL does NOT have a Jumpmaster requirement |
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What are the currency requirements for a DZSTL? |
- actively participated in Airdrop within last 6mo - attended refresher course within last 6mo |
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What is the Primary mission of a DZSTL in WARTIME? Secondary Mission? |
P: CDS drops to BATTALION or smaller size units S: Drops to BRIGADE size or larger |
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What is the Primary mission of a DZSTL in PEACETIME? Secondary Mission? |
P: VMC drops involving 1-3 A/C S: C-130 AWADS involving 1-3 A/C |
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What is the restriction of Number of A/C in formation a DZSTL authorized to use unless on a military range with active range control? |
four or less |
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VMC |
visual meteorological conditions |
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AWADS |
Adverse Weather Aerial Delivery System |
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How long after the scheduled Airborne operation must a Flash report be called in? Who else must they furnish a copy too? |
1 hr Range division (S3 Air) as soon as possible |
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The DZSTL will ensure that which three persons has an IDENTICAL copy of the DZSTL/Aircrew Mission Brief Checklist? |
1. Aircrew 2. S-3 Air 3. DZSTL |
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What markings signifies a NO DROP? |
Lack of markings red smoke red flares red beam pre-coordinated signal |
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When would a NO DROP be issued? |
winds exceed the max limitations vehicles moving on DZ any other unsafe act observed |
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When a NO DROP is issued, what must you have the A/C continue to do until clearance to drop is given? |
racetracks |
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What is the markings for MISSION CANCELLATION? |
Block Letter “X” (remove all other markings) |
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What is the marking for TEMPORARY CLOSING? |
two parallel bars places perpendicular to the drop heading |
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What is the marking for CLEAR TO DROP? |
pre-coordinated markings (Unless radio comm are specifically required) |
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For a VMC CARP Drop and GMRS drops, are radio comms required? Required for a VIRS drop and IMC CARP drops? |
1. Not mandatory 2. Manatory |
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When will the DZSTL ensure that the control group are in place? |
no later than one hour prior to TOT |
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When is a Control Group needed to be used? |
if the DZ is: 2100m or longer 20 sec or longer of exit time more than one A/C (if none of these, then may use partial control group) |
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What makes a complete Control Group? |
1. Assistent DZSTL qualified & current Jumpmaster 2. TWO medics w/ FLA (Pax & HE drops) 3. 2 wind measuring devices (one at control center w/ DZSTL, one at highest point w/ ADZSTL) |
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What does a Partial Control group consist of? |
1. Assistant DZSTL doesn’t have to be DZSTL/Jumpmaster qualified 2. ONE medic w/ FLA 3. ONE wind measure device (Control center) |
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What is needed if there is a water obstacle on the DZ? |
Boat detail |
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If the water hazard is 4ft deep or deeper but not over 40ft wide a boat detail is not required, but what is? |
jumpers wear life preservers |
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Who may declare any body of water an obstacle based on jumper safety? |
DZSTL |
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What must the Boat Detail do? |
- min of 2 boats in place 1hr prior to TOT - establish two-way comms with DZSTL 1hr prior to TOT - maintain comms through drop |
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When must the boat detail be staged? |
in water with engine running 10 min prior to TOT |
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If the entire body of water is not accessible to the boat detail, what must be added? |
additional boat detail |
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Duties of the DZSTL? |
- conduct pre-mission coordination - opens DZ through rang control - Has DZ operational 1hr prior to TOT, DZ marked correctly - Establish Comms with DACO 1hr prior to TOT - Conducts ground or arial recon of DZ 1hr prior to drop for hazards - Conducts 10min window - operates all visual acquisition aids - Ensures no-drop signals are relayed to the drop a/c - controls all ground and air MEDIEVAL - Closes DZ through range control after 100% accountability - submits post mission reports to appropriate agency |
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DACO |
Departure Airfield Control Officer |
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Where are surface winds measured from? |
Control point and highest field elevation point |
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When does the 10min window of continuous monitoring of the surface winds begin? |
no later than 12min prior to TOT |
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What happens if the surface winds exceed the maximum allowable knots? |
- no-drop signal relayed to a/c - new 10 min window begins: surface winds must remain at or below max allowable speed for 10min before drop operation can proceed |
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What are the 3 NSC approved Anemometers? |
1. AN/PMQ-3A (omnidirectional) 2. DIC/DIC-3 (omnidirectional) 3. Turbo Meter (directional - held within 20 degrees of wind line) |
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What is the first line in the remarks of a survey? (know verbatim) |
User accepts responsibility for damage to equipment and injury to personnel resulting from airdrop operations. |
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ZAR |
Zone Availability Report (DOD database for existing survey) |
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How long is a tactical assessment survey good for? |
24hrs or end of mission (local use only) |
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What what be written on both sides of the survey? |
the site name |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for personnel landing on land? In water? |
1. 13 knots 2. 17 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for personnel landing on land? In water? |
1. 13 knots 2. 17 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for equipment with ground disconnects? Without ground disconnects? |
1. 17 knots 2. 13 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for personnel landing on land? In water? |
1. 13 knots 2. 17 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for equipment with ground disconnects? Without ground disconnects? |
1. 17 knots 2. 13 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind CDS using G-12 parachute? |
13 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for personnel landing on land? In water? |
1. 13 knots 2. 17 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for equipment with ground disconnects? Without ground disconnects? |
1. 17 knots 2. 13 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind CDS using G-12 parachute? |
13 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind CDS/Door bundles using G-13/G-14 parachutes? |
20 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for SATB? |
25 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for personnel landing on land? In water? |
1. 13 knots 2. 17 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for equipment with ground disconnects? Without ground disconnects? |
1. 17 knots 2. 13 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind CDS using G-12 parachute? |
13 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind CDS/Door bundles using G-13/G-14 parachutes? |
20 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for SATB? |
25 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for HV-CDS/HAARS? |
No restriction |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for personnel landing on land? In water? |
1. 13 knots 2. 17 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for equipment with ground disconnects? Without ground disconnects? |
1. 17 knots 2. 13 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind CDS using G-12 parachute? |
13 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind CDS/Door bundles using G-13/G-14 parachutes? |
20 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for SATB? |
25 knots |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for HV-CDS/HAARS? |
No restriction |
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What is the max allowable surface wind for Free Drop? |
No restriction |
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What is the forward throw for a C-130/C-17: pax/door bundles? |
250yds 250yds |
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What is the forward throw for a C-130/C-17: personnel MFF? |
328yds 328yds |
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What is the forward throw for a C-130/C-17: HE? |
500yds 700yds |
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What is the forward throw for a C-130/C-17: HE? |
500yds 700yds |
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What is the forward throw for a C-130/C-17: CDS/CRS/CRL? |
550yds 725yds |
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What is the forward throw for a C-130/C-17: HE? |
500yds 700yds |
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What is the forward throw for a C-130/C-17: CDS/CRS/CRL? |
550yds 725yds |
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What is the forward throw for a C-130/C-17: SATB? |
160yds N/A |
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USAF minimum altitude for a C-130 & C-17: Bundles with G-14 parachute? With T-10 parachute? |
C-130: 300ft AGL 400ft AGL C-17: 300ft AGL 300ft AGL |
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USAF minimum altitude for a C-130 & C-17: Bundles with G-14 parachute? With T-10 parachute? |
C-130: 300ft AGL 400ft AGL C-17: 300ft AGL 300ft AGL |
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USAF minimum altitude for a C-130 & C-17: CDS with G-14 1or 2 containers? |
C-130: 400ft AGL C-17: 300ft AGL |
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USAF minimum altitude for a C-130 & C-17: HE with G-12E parachute? |
550ft AGL each
(Unless using 5k/10k release system) |
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USAF minimum altitude for a C-17: DRAS with G-12E? With G-11D? |
1000ft AGL 1200ft AGL |
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USAF minimum altitude for a C-17: DRAS with G-12E? With G-11D? |
1000ft AGL 1200ft AGL |
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USAF minimum altitude for a JPADS/I-CDS? |
3500ft AGL |
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What are the distances between panels/lights on a VIRS DZ? |
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What are the distances between lights/panels on a GMRS DZ? |
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How many lights do you need to mark Army Code letters? |
H: 9 E: 9 A: 8 T: 6
(5 panels each, except T: 3 panels) |
