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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most common in men b/w 40-60yrs of age w/ hx of HPN
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Proximal Aortic Dissection
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Most common cause of death w/ aortic dissection
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Rupture of dissection outward into any of 3 body cavities (Pericardial, pleural, peritoneal)
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2 most common mechanisms of Vasculitides
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1. Immune-mediated inflammation, 2. Direct invasion of vascular walls by infectious pathogens
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Most common target antigen for Cytoplasmic localization of staining (c-ANCA)
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PR-3 = Proteinase 3
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Most common vasculitis
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Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
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Temporal Arteritis is most common in?
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Older individuals
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Most common manifestations in Polyarteritis Nodosa
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Malaise, Fever of unknown cause, weight loss, HPN, abdominal pain, melena (bloody stool), peripheral neuritis
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Most common etiologic agents of Lymphangitis and Lymphedema
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Group A β-hemolytic streptococci
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Hemangioma is most common in??
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Skin, subcutaneous tissues, mucous membranes of oral cavities and lips
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Most common form of ectasia
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Vascular ectasias – Nervus Flammeus
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Most common causes of L-sided cardiac failure
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1. Systemic HPN 2. Mitral/aortic valve disease 3. Ischemic heart disease 4. Primary diseases of myocardium
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Most common manifestation of L-sided cardiac failure
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Dyspnea
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Most common cause of R-sided heart failure
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L ventricular failure w/ associated pulmonary congestion and elevation in pulmonary arterial P
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Most common cause of ischemic heart disease
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Narrowing of lumina of coronary arteries by atherosclerosis
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Most common cause of death in economically developed countries
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Ischemic Heart disease
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Most common cause of death in industrialized nations
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Acute MI (“heart attack”)
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External rupture of infarct occurs most commonly?
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Between 4-7days
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Most common compliaction in anterioapical region of heart
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Ventricular Aneurysms
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Most common cause of sudden cardiac death
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Ischemic heart diseae ventricular fibrillation
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Most common arrhythmia
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Atrial Fibrillation (AF or A-fib) – involves both atria
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Most common cause of isolated mitral regurgitation
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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1 of Most common cardiac disorders
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Mitral valve prolapsed
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Most common sites of Infective Endocarditis infection
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Aortic and mitral valves
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Most common viral cause of Myocarditis
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Cox A and B and other enteroviruses
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Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
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Alcohol abuse
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4th most common cancer cause of death in US
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Pancreatic Carcinoma (lung > colon > breast)
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3 most common cause s of death from Macrovascular disease (complication of diabetes)
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1. Myocardial infarction 2. Renal vascular insufficiency 3. Cerebrovascular events (stroke)
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Most common tumor type of Islet cell tumors
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Insulinomas
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Most common pancreatic endocrine tumor
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Insulinomas
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Most common cause of Resorption Atelectasis
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Obstruction of bronchus by mucous or mucopurulent plug
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Most common type of Extrinsic Asthma
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Atopic Asthma
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Most common type of Emphysema
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Centriacinar type
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Most common Chronic bronchitis
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Simple
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Most common cause of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
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ALI (acute lung injury)and ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)
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Most common subtype of chronic restrictive lung diseases
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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Most common preventable cause of death in hospitalized patients
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Embolization of venous and R-sided cardiac thrombi to lungs
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Most common afflictions of humans – common cold
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Lesions of URT (upper respiratory tract) acute infections
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Most common pathogens of URT acute infections
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Rhinoviruses
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Most common form of pharyngitis
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Mild
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In kids – most common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis
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Parainfluenza
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Most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia
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Streptococcus penumoniae (penumococcus)
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Most common cause of atypical pneumonias
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Mycoplasma pneumonias (Eaton agent)
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Most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in kids <1 in US
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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Most common isolates of Nosocomial Pneumonias
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Gram (-) negative rods (Klebsiella penumoniae and Pseudomonas) and S. aureus
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Most common localized clinical disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria
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Chronic pulmonary disease in immunocompetent ppl
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Most common pattern of candidiasis
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Superficial infection of mucosal surfaces of oral cavity (thrush)
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Most common fungal endocarditis
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Candida endocarditis
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Most common opportunisitic viral pathogen in AIDS
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CMV (cytomegalovirus)
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Most common form of opportunistic CMV disease
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Retina (retinitis)
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Most common benign lesion
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Hamartoma
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Most common primary lung tumor in recent years
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Adenocarcinoma (replaced squamous cell carcinoma)
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Most common primary tumors arising in women, lifetime nonsmokers, and <45years
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Adenocarcinoma
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Most common pattern of Mesotheleomas
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Epithelial
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Most common nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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Undifferentiated carcinoma
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Most common presenting feature in Laryngeal tumors
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Hoarseness in voice
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Most common malignant tumors
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Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (adenocarcinomas and SCC features)
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Contributes to more mortality and serous morbidity in western world than any other disorder
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ATH (Atherosclerosis)
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Mesotheleomas are most likely to be confused w/
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Pulmonary ADenocarcinoma
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Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal carcinoma most closely linked to
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EBV – infects B lymphocytes
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Vocal cord nodules are most often located on
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True vocal cords
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Carcinoma of Larynx
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Most common in >40years and in M:F (7:1)
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Most common cause of hepatic failure
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Chronic liver disease
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Cirrhossi is most common cause in which portal HPN
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Intrahepatic
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Most common genetic variation in Hemochromatosis
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Mutation of HFE gene
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1 of most common inborn errors of metabolism
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Hereditary hemochromatosis
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Most common AAT (a1-Antitrypsin deficiency) allele
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PiM
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Most common hepatic neoplasms are benign or metastatic?
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Metastatic
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Most common benign lesion of liver
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Cavernous hemangioma
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2 most important determinants of endothelial alterations
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1. Hemodynamic disturbances that accompany normal circulatory fxn 2. Adverse effects of hypercholesterolemia
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1 of the most important risk factors in – Coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents
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Hypertension
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Most important causes of aortic aneurysms
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ATH & Cystic medial degeneration of arterial media
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Most important clinical predispositions of thrombophlebitis and Phlebothrombosis
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Cardiac failure, neoplasia, pregnancy, obesity, postop state, prolonged bed rest
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Most important event in Nonobstructive atelectasis (microatelectasis)
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Loss of surfactant
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Most important causative factor in Chronic Bronchitis
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Smoking
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Plays major role in etiology of Kaposi Sarcoma Tumors in AIDS patients
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HPV type 8
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Major obstructive disorders (excluding tumors or foreign body inhalation)
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Asthma, Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchiolitis
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Major function of AAT
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Protects tissues against enzyme neutrophil elastase (protects lungs)
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Major organ responsible for removing pneumococcus from blood
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Spleen
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4 Major histologic types of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
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1. Squamous cell carcinoma 2. Adenocarcinoma (also bronchioalveolar) 3. Large cell carcinoma 4. Small cell lung carcinoma
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3 Major risk factors of Hepatocellular carcinoma
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1. HBV or HCV infection 2. Cirrhosis (alcohol-related usually) 3. Exposure to hepatocarcinogens in food
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90% of cases of thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis found in ?
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Deep leg veins
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Major risk factor for ATH
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Hyperlipidemia (specifically hypercholesterolemia)
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Major risk factor for ATH at all ages
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Hypertension
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Arterial Spiders (Vascular Ectasias) Most frequent in ?
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Pregnant women, patients w/ cirrhosis
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Most frequent disease causing fungus
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Candida ablicans
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Most frequent and important patters of ATH
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Arteriolosclerosis
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Arteriolosclerosis most often associated w/
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HPN and diabetes
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Symptomatic atherosclerotic disease most often involves arteries supplying?
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Heart, Brain, Kidneys, lower extremities
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Congestive Heart failure of R-side most often caused by?
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L-sided heart failure
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Aschoff Bodies are most often found in?
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Myocardium (from Rheumatic fever)
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Cardiac tumors are usually metastatic and most often involve?
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The pericardium
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Most often occurs secondary to ductal obstruction resulting from stone formation (sialolithiasis)
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Bacterial Sialadenitis
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Dominant cause of Sialadenitis
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Paramyxovirus
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Dominant cause of chronic sialadenitis
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Autoimmune sialadenitis (bilateral)
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Dominant tumor arising in Parotids
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Pleomorphic adenoma (benign)
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2 dominant types of malignancies of parotid glands
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Malignant mixed tumors & Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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Aschoff bodies
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In heart muscle fibers in rheumatic myocarditis
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Asteroid bodies
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Inclusion in giants cells in Sarcoidosis
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Auer bodies
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In numerous cells in leukemia
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Barr bodies
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Sex chromatin
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Councilman bodies
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Hyaline degeneration in liver cells in yellow fever
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Dohle bodies
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In PMNs in scarlet fever
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Donovan bodies
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Donovania granulomatis the organism of granuloma inguinale
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Guarnieri bodies
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Inclusions in cells affected by smallpox and vaccine
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Heinz bodies
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Hemoglobin precipitates in G6PD Deficiency
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Howell-Jolly bodies
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In RBCs in anemias, leukemias, after splenectomy
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Lipschutz bodies
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Intranuclear inclusions in epithelial and nerve cells in HSV infections
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Lewy bodies bodies
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In CNS histology of Parkinson’s disease
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Mallory bodies
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In lymph spaces and epithelial cells of skin in scarlet fever
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Negri bodies
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In nerve cells in rabies
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Psammoma bodies
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Concentric, calcified spherules in benign and malignant tumors (thyroid) and chronic inflammation
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Renaut bodies
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Pale granules in degenerating nerve fibers in MD
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Russell bodies
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Globular, eosinophilic plasma cell inclusions representing condensed immunoglobulin secretions
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Schaumann bodies
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Red or brown nodular shell-like lesions of sarcoidosis
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Verocay bodies
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Associated with the palisading cells in the histologic findings in schwanomas (neurolemomas)
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