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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
organs that have red infarct
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- liver
- lungs - intestine |
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things that promote neutrophils
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"neutrophils love the feeling of CILK"
- C5a - IL-8 - LTB4 - Kallikrein |
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mediate granuloma formation
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IL-2 & IFNg
|
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vitamins that are anti-oxidants
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vit A, C, E
|
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hypovolemic/cardiogenic shock characteristics
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- LOW output failure
- ↑ TPR - low CO - cold, clammy |
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septic shock characteristics
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- HIGH output failure
- ↓ TPR - dilated arterioles, high mixed venous P - hot |
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protein of primary amyloidosis
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AL
(from Ig light chains; multiple myeloma) |
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protein of secondary amyloidosis
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AA
(from SAA protein) |
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protein of senile cardiac amyloidosis
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transthyretin
(from AF = old Fogies) |
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protein of DM 2 amyloid
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amylin
(from AE = Endocrine) |
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protein of medullary carcinoma amyloid
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A-CAL
(from CALcitonin) |
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protein of Alzheimer's amyloid
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beta-amyloid
(from Amyloid Precursor Protein) |
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protein of dialysis-assoc amyloid
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beta2-microglobulin
(from MHC I proteins) |
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define desmoplasia
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fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm
|
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tumor grade vs. stage
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grade = histo
stage = TNM (usu more imp to px) |
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neoplasm a/w down's
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ALL (& AML)
|
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neoplasm a/w xeroderma pigmentosum & albinism
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- melanoma
- basal cell CA - esp SCC of skin |
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neoplasm a/w chronic atrophic gastritis
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gastric adenoCA
|
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neoplasm a/w pernicious anemia
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gastric adenoCA
|
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neoplasm a/w postsurgical gastric remnants
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gastric adenoCA
|
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neoplasm a/w tuberous sclerosis
(facial angiofibroma, seizures, MR, ash-leaf spots) |
- astrocytoma
- angiomyolipoma - cardiac rhabdomyoma (in 2/3rds) |
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neoplasms a/w actinic keratosis
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SCC of skin
(tx w/5-FU) |
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neoplasm a/w Barrett's esophagus (chronic GI reflux)
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esophageal adenocarcinoma
|
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neoplasm a/w Plummer-Vinson syndrome
(atrophic glossitis, esoph webs, anemia; all d/t iron def) |
SCC of esoph
|
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neoplasm a/w cirrhosis (alcoholic, hep B/C)
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hepatocellular carcinoma
(↑aFP) |
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neoplasm a/w ulcerative colitis
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colonic adenoCA
|
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neoplasm a/w Paget's dz of bone
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- 2* osteosarcoma
- fibrosarcoma |
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neoplasm a/w immunodeficiency states
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malignant lymphomas
|
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neoplasm a/w AIDS
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- aggressive malig lymphomas (non-Hodgkin's)
- Kaposi's sarcoma |
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neoplasm a/w autoimmune dzs (e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis, MG)
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lymphoma
|
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neoplasm a/w acanthosis nigricans (hyperpig & epidermal thickening)
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visceral malignancy
(stomach, lung, breast, uterus) (you see this in DM, but if >40 think about malig) |
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neoplasm a/w dysplastic nevus
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malignant melanoma
|
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neoplasm a/w radiation exposure
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- sarcoma
- papillary thyroid cancer |
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neoplasm a/w achalasia
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SCC of esoph
|
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neoplasm a/w Sjogren's syndrome
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B cell lymphoma
|
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neoplasm a/w ataxia telangectasia
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- lymphomas
- acute leukemias |
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CML oncogene
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abl
|
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Burkitt's lymphoma oncogene
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c-myc
|
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oncogene of follicular & undifferentiated lymphomas (inhibits apoptosis)
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bcl-2
|
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oncogene of breast, ovarian, & gastric carcinomas
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erb-B2
|
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oncogene of colon carcinoma
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ras
|
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oncogene of lung tumor
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L-myc
(L for Lung) |
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oncogene of neuroblastoma
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N-myc
(N for Neuroblastoma→ adrenal tumor→ has Homer Wright rosettes) |
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oncogene of MEN 2A & 2B
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ret
|
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oncogene of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
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c-kit
|
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messed up Rb tumor suppressor
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- retinoblastoma
- osteosarcoma |
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messed up BRCA1 tumor suppressor
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- breast cancer
- ovarian cancer |
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messed up BRCA2 tumor suppressor
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breast cancer
|
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messed up p53 tumor suppressor
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- most cancers
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
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messed up p16 tumor suppressor
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melanoma
|
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messed up APC tumor suppressor
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colorectal cancer (a/w FAP)
|
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messed up WT1 tumor suppressor
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Wilms' tumor
|
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messed up NF1 tumor suppressor
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NF type 1
|
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messed up NF2 tumor suppressor
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NF type 2
|
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messed up DPC tumor suppressor
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pancreatic cancer
(DPC = "Deleted in Panc Cancer") |
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messed up DCC tumor suppressor
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colon cancer
(DCC = "Deleted in Colon Cancer") |
|
↑ PSA
|
- prostate CA (screening)
- can be ↑ in BPH & prostatitis |
|
↑ prostatic acid phosphatase
|
prostate CA
|
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↑ CEA
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- carcinoembryonic antigen
- very NONSPECIFIC - in ~70% of colorectal & panc cancers - also w/ gastric & breast CA's |
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↑aFP
|
- normally made by fetus
- hepatocellular CA (hep B & C) - nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of testis (YOLK SAC) |
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↑ b-hCG
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("HCG")
- Hydatidiform moles - Choriocarcinomas - Gestational trophoblastic tumors |
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CA-125
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- ovarian
- malignant epithelial tumors (or any peritoneal irritation??) |
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S-100
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- melanoma
- neural tumors - astrocytomas |
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↑ alkaline phosphatase
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- mets to bone
- obstructive biliary dz - Paget's of bone (excess bony turnover) |
|
Bombesin
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- neuroblastoma
- lung cancer - gastric cancer |
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TRAP
|
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
→ in hairy cell leukemia (B-cell neoplasm) ("TRAP the HAIRY animal") |
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CA-19-9
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pancreatic adenoCA
|
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cancer a/w HTLV-1
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adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
|
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cancer a/w HBV/HCV
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hepatocellular carcinoma
(& HCV a/w papillary???) |
|
cancer a/w EBV
|
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- nasopharyngeal CA - Hodgkin's (jenkins add) (& oral hairy leukoplakia) |
|
cancer a/w HPV
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- cervical CA (16, 18)
- penile/anal CA - VIN & vulvar cancer |
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cancer a/w HHV-8
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- Keposi's sarcoma
- body cavity fluid B-cell lymphoma |
|
organ affected by alfatoxins & cancer associated w/it
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liver (hepatocellular CA)
|
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organ affected by vinyl chloride & cancer associated w/it
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liver (angiosarcoma)
|
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organ affected by CCl4 & cancer a/w it
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liver (centrilobular necrosis, fatty change)
|
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organ affected by nitrosamines (smoked foods) & cancer a/w it
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- esophagus
- stomach (& colon?) |
|
organ affected by cigarrette smoke & cancer a/w it
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- larynx (SCC)
- lung (SCC & small cell CA) - kidney (RCC) - bladder (transitional cell CA) |
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organ affected by asbestos & cancer a/w it
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Lung
- bronchogenic CA - mesothelioma |
|
organ affected by arsenic & cancer a/w it
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- skin (SCC)
- liver (angiosarcoma) |
|
organ affected by naphthalene (aniline) dyes & cancer a/w it
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bladder (transitional cell CA)
|
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organ affected by alkylating agents & cancer a/w it
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blood (leukemia)
|
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organ affected by radon & cancer a/w it
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lung cancer
(coal miner w/lung cancer) |
|
paraneoplastic effects of small cell lung CA
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- ACTH secr → Cushing's syndrome
- ADH secr → SIADH (hyponatremia, ↓ osm) - hyperuricemia d/t excess nucleic acid turnover (i.e. cytotoxic therapy)→ gout, urate nephropathy |
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paraneoplastic effects of SCC of lung
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- PTH-related peptide
- TGF-beta - TNF - IL-1 causes → HYPERcalcemia |
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paraneoplastic effects of RCC
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- PTH-related peptide
- TGF-beta - TNF - IL-1 causes → HYPERcalcemia |
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paraneoplastic effects of breast carcinoma
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- secr PTH-related peptide, TGF-beta, TNF, IL-1→ HYPERcalcemia
- secr EPO→ polychthemia |
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paraneoplastic effects of hemangioblastoma
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secr EPO → polycythemia
|
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paraneoplastic effects of hepatocellular CA
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secr EPO→ polycythemia
|
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paraneoplastic effects of pheochromocytoma
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secr EPO→ polycythemia
(secrs a bunch of catecholamines) |
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paraneoplastic effects of thymoma
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secr antibodies against presyn Ca2+ chans @NMJ → Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
(musc wkness that improves w/use...vs MG) |
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paraneoplastic effects of leukemias & lymphomas
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hyperuricemia d/t excess nucleic acid turnover (i.e. cytotoxic therapy)→ gout, urate nephropathy
|
|
cancers w/psammoma bodies
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PSaMMoma:
- Papillary CA - Serous cystadenoCA (ovary) - Meningioma - Mesothelioma (laminated, concentric, calcific spherules→ "rings on a tree") |
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things that ↑ ESR
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- infections
- inflammation - cancer - pregnancy - SLE (seds fall FASTER) |
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things that ↓ ESR
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- sickle cell (altered shape)
- polycythemia (too many) - CHF (unknown) (seds fall SLOWER) |
|
mets to liver
|
"Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver"
Colon > Stomach > Panc > Breast > Lung |
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mets to bone
|
"P. T. Barnum Loves Kids"
- Prostate (MC) (prostate = blastic) - Thyroid, Testes - Breast (MC) (Breast = Both lytic & blastic) - Lung (Lung = Lytic) - Kidney blastic breaks down |
|
cancer incidence in males
|
1) prostate (32%)
2) lung (16%) 3) colon/rectum (12%) |
|
cancer incidence in females
|
1) breast (32%)
2) lung (13%) 3) colon/rectum (13%) |
|
cancer mortality in males
|
1) lung (33%)
2) prostate (13%) 3) colorectal 4) pancreatic cancer |
|
cancer mortality in females
|
1) lung (23%)
2) breast (18%) 3) colorectal 4) uterine 5) ovarian |
|
most common causes of death in US
|
1) heart disease
2) cancer 3) stroke 4) COPD |