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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Normal immune response
Sometimes it's _____ and sometimes it's _____. |
acute & chronic inflammation
silent active |
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Diminished immune responses include _____ diseases. Congenital (Born)/_____/Immunodeficiency Diseases include deficient
_____. Acquired = _____. What's an example? People with acquired are on _____ drugs like _____, _____ for transplants, and _____. |
Immunodeficiency
Primary B Cells, T Cells, or the worst case scenario, neither B nor T (resulting in bubble boy) secondary; AIDS Immunosupprants Glucocorticoids Antirejection drugs Chemotherapy |
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Amped immune response results in _____ diseases like (allergic diseases).
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Hypersensitivity
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Misdirected immune response results in _____.
The immune response is directed to our _____. There are _____ autoimmune diseases. |
autoimmune diseases.
own bodies many |
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Another immune response is immune _____ like lymphoma and leukemia
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neoplasms
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Having an immune system that has been impaired/weakened by disease or treatment
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Immunocompromised
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Artificial suppression of the immune response, as by drugs or radiation
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Immunosuppressed
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State in which the immune system's ability to fight infections is compromised or entirely absent
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Immunodeficiency
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Repair: replacement of _____ cells with new ones. We don't need repair unless something died. It also involves a _____ component.
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dead
functional |
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Body's Response: Repair
3 Types |
Regeneration--Replace dead cell with one of its own
Scar--Replace dead cell with scar tissue A little bit of both |
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In order to have regeneration (type of repair), we’re going to have to have some kind of _____ to replace the cell.
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mitosis
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G1: _____ & Function—a cell that is happily living its life doing whatever it does in life. It’s just living its life. It then switches into S phase when it’s told to undergo mitosis.
S: _____ (replication for mitosis) G2: _____ preparing for mitosis M: _____ (cell division) G o: _____ |
Cell Growth
DNA Synthesis cell growth Mitosis exit cycle when dividing |
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In order to have regeneration (type of repair), we’re going to have to have some kind of _____ to replace the cell.
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mitosis
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G1: _____ & Function—a cell that is happily living its life doing whatever it does in life. It’s just living its life. It then switches into S phase when it’s told to undergo mitosis.
S: _____ (replication for mitosis) G2: _____ preparing for mitosis M: _____ (cell division) G o: _____ |
Cell Growth
DNA Synthesis cell growth Mitosis exit cycle when dividing |
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The cell after undergoing mitosis has 2 choices. One choice is to get off the grid and not undergo mitosis any more…it’ll go on just doing what it normally does (like a liver cell just being a liver cell). This is the _____ phase. Otherwise, it’ll keep undergoing _____.
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G_o
mitosis |
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The cell after undergoing mitosis has 2 choices. One choice is to get off the grid and not undergo mitosis any more…it’ll go on just doing what it normally does (like a liver cell just being a liver cell). This is the _____ phase. Otherwise, it’ll keep undergoing _____.
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G_o
mitosis |
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Stem Cells: Immature/undifferentiated cells with large mitotic/_____ capacity
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proliferative
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Stem Cells: Immature/undifferentiated cells with large mitotic/_____ capacity
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proliferative
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2 different types of stem cells and what's the difference
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Embryonic stem cells can grow into many different types of cell types. Adult can only grow into a few.
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2 different types of stem cells and what's the difference
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Embryonic stem cells can grow into many different types of cell types. Adult can only grow into a few.
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Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cells which normally continuously divide/undergo mitosis/move through cell cycle. New cells arise by _____ or _____. |
Labile Cells
mitosis Stem cells |
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Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cells which normally continuously divide/undergo mitosis/move through cell cycle. New cells arise by _____ or _____. |
Liabile Cells
mitosis Stem cells |
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Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cell types which do not normally undergo mitosis, but can if injured. Spend most of their time in the _____ phase of the cell cycle. Arise by mitosis or from stem cells. |
Stable cells
Go |
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Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cell types which do not normally undergo mitosis, but can if injured. Spend most of their time in the _____ phase of the cell cycle. Arise by mitosis or from stem cells. |
Stable cells
Go |
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Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cell types with poor mitotic capabilities even after injury...spend their lives in Go. They may be able to repair, but _____ capability may not be worth it. |
Permanent Cells
functional |
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Proliferative Capacities of Cells:
Cell types with poor mitotic capabilities even after injury...spend their lives in Go. They may be able to repair, but _____ capability may not be worth it. |
Permanent Cells
functional |
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Examples of labile cells
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Any surface lining cell (epithelium/epithelial cells)
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Examples of labile cells
Type of repair |
Any surface lining cell (epithelium/epithelial cells)
Regeneration |
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Examples of stable cells
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Liver, kidney, bone
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Examples of stable cells
Type of repair: |
Liver, kidney, bone
Regeneration & Scarring |
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Examples of Permanent Cells:
Type of repair: scarring |
Cardiac muscle, neurons, and to some degree (+/-) skeletal muscle.
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If we know what type of cell we're dealing with, we can usually predict the _____ and the outcome for _____.
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repair
function |
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The etiology for repair
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necrosis. without dead cells, you don't have repair
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Fibrosis defined
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Replace necrotic cells with connective tissue/scar
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Connective tissue is composed of cells (_____) and the _____, which contains _____ fibers (for strength).
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fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix
collagen |
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Fibrosis 1:
Here we have a blood vessel that gets clogged…say next to the heart. So the 3 strands on the right are the heart muscles. Around day 1, we have the cell change—necrosis of the heart muscles are beginning to take place due to _____ (or due to the heart attack). Around day 3-5, _____ roll in and devour all the dead cells. They send out the chemical mediators to call in the _____ and get things rolling on filling in that gap. (We assume the clot was removed from the blood vessel). |
ischemia
macrophages fibroblasts |
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Fibrosis 2:
_____ tissue begins forming around the vessel. This includes the baby blood branches begin growing out of the blood vessel (_____/_____) and the addition of fibroblasts which make the ECM made of collagen. The scar is quit pick at this point because of the vasculature. Weeks of remodeling go by so that ECM is as strong as it possibly can be. Collagen fibers need to be aligned in the direction of the _____. Most of the blood vessels will _____. |
Granulation
neovascularization/angiogenesis pull disappear |
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Functions of Growth Factors
_____: causes cells to enter the cell cycle Causes cells to have an increased resistance to _____. Growth factors are secreted by _____ (including _____) |
mitosis
apoptosis many cell types macrophages |
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Skin builds itself back by a process called _____. This involves the macrophages eating the _____.
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Re-epithelialization
necrotic cells. |
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Differences between Healing by First Intention (sutures) and Healing by Second Intention (w/out)
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Longer repair time
Re-epithelialization less successful -> larger scar |
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Excessive scar tissue formation
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Keloid
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