Path 404: Sexually Transmitted Disease

Front 1

What is the basic definition of a sexually transmitted disease?

Back 1

An infection that is usually by sexual contact (and not other common methods of infection)

Front 2

True or false: It is rare to be infected with more than one STD at a time.

Back 2

false

Front 3

Why does having HIV/AIDS make a person more susceptible to other STDs?

Back 3

immunodeficiency

Front 4

What five places might be the initial site of an STD infection?

Back 4

urethra, vagina, cervix, rectum and oral pharynx

Front 5

Treponema pallidum is the organism responsible for what STD?

Back 5

syphilis

Front 6

What is the clinical feature of the primary state of syphilis?

Back 6

a chancre

Front 7

How long after the initial chancre do symptoms of secondary stage syphilis occur?

Back 7

2-10 weeks

Front 8

Where do the inflammatory lesions associated with tertiary stage syphilis occur?

Back 8

the aorta, central nervous system, "gummas" in skin and bone

Front 9

When in a pregnancy does congenital syphilis occur?

Back 9

5th month onward

Front 10

True or false: Congenital syphilis rarely causes still births.

Back 10

false

Front 11

True or false: A patient with syphilis will likely test positive for the organisms antigens for the rest of their life, even if they no longer have an infection.

Back 11

true

Front 12

What is the purpose of non-treponemal serology tests?

Back 12

to monitor disease activity to ensure adequate treatment

Front 13

Can you culture Treponema pallidum?

Back 13

no

Front 14

What drug is used to treat syphilis?

Back 14

penicillin

Front 15

What organism is responsible for gonorrhea? What type of organism is it?

Back 15

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gram negative diplococcus

Front 16

What are the clinical features of gonorrhea?

Back 16

urethritis, epidiymitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pharyngitis, proctitis, co-infection with other STDs

Front 17

Gonorrhea passed from mom to baby can cause what things in the baby?

Back 17

blindness, joint infection, and sepsis

Front 18

What fast, cheap test is done to diagnose gonorrhea?

Back 18

a gram stain of the discharge

Front 19

What type of medication is used to treat gonorrhea?

Back 19

antibiotics

Front 20

Chlamydia trachomatis is associated with what STD?

Back 20

chlamydia (durrr)

Front 21

What is the most common test used to diagnose chlamydia?

Back 21

DNA probe from genital swab sample

Front 22

True or false: Chlamydia is often asymptomatic.

Back 22

true

Front 23

The organism Haemophilus ducreyi causes which STD?

Back 23

a chancroid

Front 24

Chancroids are most common in what part of the world? What other disease are they associated with?

Back 24

Africa and Southeast Asia, HIV

Front 25

What does HPV stand for?

Back 25

human papilloma virus

Front 26

"Low risk" HPV strains are most likely to cause what?

Back 26

genital warts

Front 27

"High risk" HPV strains are most likely to cause what?

Back 27

cervical dysplasia and carcinoma

Front 28

True or false: There are two types of herpes simplex virus that infect different parts of the body.

Back 28

true

Front 29

What is the main symptom of herpes?

Back 29

vesicular (blistering), painful lesions

Front 30

True or false: subsequent herpes outbreaks are usually more severe than the initial infection.

Back 30

false

Front 31

Where does HSV remain latent?

Back 31

the nerve cells

Front 32

What is recommended for a pregnant woman with herpes?

Back 32

casarean section

Front 33

What is the cure for herpes?

Back 33

trick question, there is no cure

Front 34

What can help prevent herpes outbreaks?

Back 34

antiviral agents

Front 35

How does HIV replicate? Due to this, what is HIV classified as?

Back 35

reverse transcription of its RNA to DNA, retrovirus

Front 36

What type of cell does HIV infect?

Back 36

CD4 cells

Front 37

In what three ways can HIV be passed from mother to child?

Back 37

transplacental, during passage through the birth canal, via breast milk

Front 38

What is the first stage in the clinic course of an HIV infection?

Back 38

acute retroviral syndrome

Front 39

How long does the chronic asymptomatic phase of an HIV infection last?

Back 39

7-10 years

Front 40

Levels of what steadily decline during the chronic asymptomatic phase?

Back 40

CD4+ T-cells

Front 41

What is the final stage of an HIV infection?

Back 41

Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease (AIDS)

Front 42

What are the symptoms commonly associated with AIDS?

Back 42

fever, fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, generalized lymphadenopathy

Front 43

What opportunistic infections are associated with AIDS?

Back 43

Cryptosporidium enteritis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Cryptococcus, Mycobacteria (TB), Cytomegalovirus

Front 44

What neoplasms are common in AIDS patients?

Back 44

Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, cervical cancer (women), anal cancer (men)

Front 45

True or false: Tests for HIV antibodies can be done immediately after infection.

Back 45

false

Front 46

What is the treatment for HIV?

Back 46

Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART)

Front 47

What protozoan can cause an STD?

Back 47

Trichomonas vaginalis

Front 48

What are the clinical features of trichomoniasis?

Back 48

itching, vaginal/penile discharge, urinary frequency/dysuria, and painful intercourse