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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of cells that form blood vessels?
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endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells
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List the three layers of an artery, starting from the innermost layer.
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intima, media, tunica adventitia
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True or false: the endothelium of a blood vessel is not active in recognizing the needs for flow and repair.
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false
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What happens if the media layer breaks?
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an aneurysm occurs
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True or false: Muscular arteries are the most elastic.
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true
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Small muscular arteries that play a role in regulating the blood flow to different parts of the body are known as ________ vessels.
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resistance
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The smallest elastic arteries are the ________.
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arterioles
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True or false: Capillaries are not considered arteries.
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true
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True or false: Capillaries are mostly smooth muscle.
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false
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Are capillaries a low or high pressure system?
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low
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True or false: Damage to arteries accounts for only a smart fraction of death and disability in the US.
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false
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Cells of the blood and artery get involved in the damage process by trying to respond to ______________.
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injury or inflammation
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What common marcomolecule can cause irritation to the endothelium leading to inflammation?
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lipids
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What type of cell tries to "scavenge" chemicals that irritate the artery?
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macrophage
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What are the two critical processes that lead to artery blockages and narrowing?
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1. accumulation of lipid
2. smooth muscle proliferation |
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Atherosclerotic blockages are also known as __________.
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plaques
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In the progression of blockages, the initial lesion is called the ________.
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fatty streak
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What are the three parts included in an advanced lesion?
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1. fibrous cap of endothelium
2. atheroma 3. smooth muscle cells |
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True or false: there is very little genetic influence on the development of plaques
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false
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List the risk factors for atherosclerosis.
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smoking, high blood pressure, cholesterol disorders, inactivity, diabetes mellitus, obesity, being a dude, menopause, older age, inflammatory problems
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A heart attack, stroke, or death of an organ or extremity due to atherosclerosis is called a(n) ___________.
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acute occlusion
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A complication resulting in ischemia is called ______________.
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chronic narrowing
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A clot or fragment of a plaque that breaks off the main plaque is called a(n) __________.
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embolism
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Aneurysms are most often seen in the ______ and ________.
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aorta and cerebral vessels
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Which type of aneurysm is a separation of the walls of the artery?
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dissecting
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Inflammation of the arteries is known as ________.
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arteritis
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Phlebitis is the inflammation of the ______.
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veins
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True or false: A ruptured vein is just as serious as a ruptured artery.
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false
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Tortuous dilated veins are called ______________.
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varicose veins
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When inflammation causes thrombotic occlusion it is known as __________.
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thrombophlebitis
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