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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanisms of pleural effusion
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inc hydrostatic p
dec osmotic p inc permeability dec pressure in pleural space impaired lymphatic drainage |
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What can be seen on a CXR
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blunting of the costophrenic angle
density with fluid level |
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Hydrothorax
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trasudative pleural effusion
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Hemothorax
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accumulation of blood in pleural space
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Chylothorax
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milky white lymphatic fluid in pleural space
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What are the criteria that must be met for exudates?
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inc protien, LDH in pleural fluid
*transudates have none of these |
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which is worse transudate or exudate
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exudate
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What is the most common cause of transudate?
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CHF
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What causes exudate?
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many things
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Parapneumonic effusion
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associated w underlying pneumonia, lung abscess or bronchiectasis
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What is the most common cause of exudative effusions?
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parapneumonic effusions
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What type of complication can occure with parapneumonic effusion?
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turn into an empyema (pus)
effusion becomes loculated |
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Pneumothorax
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air or gas trapped in the pleural space
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What are some mechanism of pneumothorax
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perforation of visceral pleura & entry of air from lung
penetration of chest wall, diaphragm, esophagus etc gas forming organism |
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Spontaneous simple pneumothorax?
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healty pt
tall person,smoker, rupture of small apical bleb??? |
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Secondary spontaneoud pneumothroax
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due to an underlying disease
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traumatic open pneumothorax
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injury allows outside air to continously enter the pleural cavity
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traumatic closed pneumothorax
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injury becomes airtight but pleural cavity continues to recieve air from leakage of punctued lung
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Iatrogenic pneumothorax
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invasive procedures
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pulmonary barotrauma pneumothorax
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from mechanical ventillation at high pressures
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Catamenial pneumothorax
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endometriosus/menses related
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Neonatal pneumothorax
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complication durning delivery
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induced pneumothorax
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we make it for a reason
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clinical mainfestation of pneumothorax
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enlarged hemithorax, less movement on respiration
absent tatcile fremitus, hyper-resonance, dec breath sounds |
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CXR of pnuemothorax
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tracheal & medistinal shift to contralateral side
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Tension pneumothorax
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pleural p > atm
1 way valve mech complete lung collapse - shift to opposite side dec veous return to the heart |
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Mesothelioma
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associated w asbestos
primary pleural tumor no assoication w smoking |
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clinical presentation of meosthelioma
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chest pain, dyspnea, weakness, weight loss
unilateral pleural thickening highly malignant, rare mets no effective tx |
