Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the most common type of lung tumor?
|
bronchogenic carcinoma 90-95%
originate in teh bronchila epithelium |
|
What is the most common visceral malignancy in men?
|
bronchogenic carinoma
males > females |
|
What is the most frequently fatal malignancy?
|
bronchogenic carcinoma
|
|
What are some industrial hazards that inc the risk of bronchogenic carcinoma?
|
ratiation
uranium asbestos other |
|
What are some indoor airpollutants that inc risk of broncho. carcinoma?
|
radon
|
|
What are some oncogenes associated w inc risk of bronchogenic carcinoma
|
c-myc
k-ras |
|
What are some tumor suppressor genes associated with an inc risk of bronchogenic carcionma?
|
p53
retinoblastoma chromosome 3? |
|
What is benzopyrne have to do with bronchiogenic carcinma?
|
inc risk due to damage to DNA at p53
|
|
What is up with scarring?
|
some cancers form near pulmonary scars particularly adenocarcinomas
|
|
What is the typical presentation of a pt. with bronchogenic carcinoma?
|
in 50 (M) with cough for months and inc sputum
|
|
What are the 2 main groups of lung cancers?
|
small cell
non-small cell |
|
What is the typical presentation of a pt with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma?
|
M smoker
central cavitary necrosis arise centrally (endobrachial polypid growth) |
|
What is the histology of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma?
|
keratin formation
intercellular bridges atypia & invasion |
|
What is the typical presentaion of a pt with adenocarcinoma?
|
(F) non-smoker
peripheral w pleural rxn & puckering - associated w scarring grows more slowly & metastasizes more frequently usually asymptomatic |
|
What is the histology with adenocarcinoma?
|
glandular with mucin
papillary solid broncioloalveolar*** |
|
What is bronchioalveolar carcinoma?
|
subset of adenocarinoma
1-9% of all lung cancers |
|
What is the gross morphology of bronchioalveolar carcinoma?
|
single peripheral nodule
multiple nodes diffuse pneumonia like infiltrate |
|
What is the histology of bronchioalveolar carcinoma?
|
**Lepidiec spread
nonmucionous 2/3 of time mucinious 1/3 - worse |
|
What is lepidiec spread?
|
tumor spreads along alveolar septa
|
|
What do you see with small cell carcinoma?
|
extensive necrosis, crush artifact
secretory granules of neuroendocrine type etopic hormone production excellent response to chemoradiation |
|
What is paraneoplastic syndrome?
|
etopic hormone production with a neoplasm
|
|
What is large cell carcinoma?
|
pleomporphic, large cells without differentiation
ultrastructural evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation |
|
Giant cell carcinoma
|
highly malignant
most peripheral <10 mo survival |
|
Clear cell carcinoma
|
clear cells, glycogen rich
dx of exclusion |
|
Adenosquamous carcinoma
|
squamous cell
& adenocarcinoma in same neoplasm peripheral tumor associated w scar smokers! |
|
What are some types of paraneoplastic syndrome?
|
cushings
hyponatermia carcinoid syndrome hypercalcimia myasthenic syndrome |
|
What paraneoplasitic syndromes are associated with small cell carcinoma?
|
cushings
hyponatremia carcinoid syndrome myasthenic syndrome |
|
What paraneoplasitic syndromes are associated with squamous cell carcinoma?
|
hypercalemia
|
|
neuroendocrine proliferations in normal lung
|
neuroendocrine cells within epitheium as single & cluster
|
|
Carcinoid tumors
|
1-5% of all lung tumors
<40 yo M=F 20-40% non smokers low grade malignant neoplasms |
|
Microscopic carcinoid
|
nest/cords/masses
uniform cells with round nuclei salt & pepper chromatin |
|
carcinoid syndrome
|
intermittent diarrhea, flushing, cyanosis
|
|
Clinical course of carcinoid tumors
|
metastases rarely occur
hemoptysis, cough, infections, obstructive sx, atelactasis or emphysema |