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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell body
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The part of a cell, such as a neuron, that houses the molecules.
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Dendrites
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One of usually numerous, short, highly branched processes of a neuron that convey nerve impulses toward the cell body.
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axon
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A typically long extension, or process, from a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body toward target cells.
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axon hillock
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The conical region of a neuron’s axon where it joins the cell body; typically the region where nerve signals are generated.
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synapse
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The locus where one neuron communicates with another neuron in a neural pathway; a narrow gap between a synaptic terminal of an axon and a signal-receiving portion (dendrite or cell body) of another neuron or effector cell. Neurotransmitter molecules released by synaptic terminals diffuse across the synapse, relaying messages to the dendrite or effector.
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synaptic terminal
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A bulb at the end of an axon in which neurotransmitter molecules are stored and released.
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neurotransmitters
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A chemical messenger released from the synaptic terminal of a neuron at a chemical synapse that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to and stimulates the postsynaptic cell.
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presynaptic cell
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The transmitting cell at a synapse.
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postsynaptic cell
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The target cell at a synapse.
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glia
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Supporting cells that are essential for the structural integrity of the nervous system and for the normal functioning of neurons.
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