Parasitology - Worms

Front 1

what are intestinal nematodes

Back 1

round worms

Front 2

Enterobius vermicularis - what is it

Back 2

pinworm/threadworm

Front 3

major way to diagnosis enterobius

Back 3

scotch tape test

Front 4

are eggs in stool of patients infected by enterobius

Back 4

though you can find worms inhabiting the cecum, in general the pinworm eggs are not in the stool but need to be pulled off of perianal skin (through scotch tape test)

Front 5

what

Back 5

pinworm/threadworm (aka enterobius)

Front 6

what

Back 6

enterobius

Front 7

what on pap

Back 7

enterobius ova on pap smear

Front 8

Trichuris trichiura - what is it (alt name)

Back 8

whipworm

Front 9

what is whipworm

Back 9

Trichuris trichiura

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where is Trichuris trichiura found

Back 10

attached to mucosa in intestine

Front 11

what

Back 11

Trichuris trichiura eggs - note two ends of eggs

Front 12

what

Back 12

whipworm (Trichuris trichiura)

Front 13

sx of Trichuris trichiura

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dysentery

Front 14

distinctive fx of ascaris

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largest nematode in humans, can be up to 25 cm

Front 15

how acquire ascaris

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ingestion of the embryonated (infective) eggs with soil

Front 16

movement of ascaris through body

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In the intestine, the eggs hatch and
larvae migrate through the lungs (Loeffler’s syndrome)
and back to the intestine where they grow in the
duodenum.

Front 17

how diagnosis ascaris

Back 17

recovery of the eggs in the stools.

Front 18

egg comparison for review

Back 18

roundworm examples

Front 19

what

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ascaris eggs

Front 20

what

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ascaris eggs

Front 21

cross section of what

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ascaris

Front 22

examples of hookworms

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Ancylostoma duodenale
A. ceylanicum
N. americanus,

Front 23

two major sx of hookworms

Back 23

gastrointestinal symptoms and microcytic
hypochromic anemia (from chronic bleeding)

Front 24

how do hookworms enter the body

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use the skin to enter the new host and via blood reach
the lungs, the air passages and the duodenum.

Front 25

what

Back 25

hookworm

Front 26

review hookworm

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for review

Front 27

Strongyloides stercoralis life cycle

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females live in crypts of SI, lay eggs, those develop into larvae. The larvae go to soil. The larvae enters the skin, to blood, to lungs and duodenum.

Front 28

Strongyloides stercoralis - subset, riskier

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get autoinfection - patient keeps infecting self

Front 29

Strongyloides stercoralis

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review

Front 30

rhabditoid larva vs. filariform larva of strongyloides

Back 30

strongyloides - fresh samples
one is bad, the other is worse

Front 31

filaria what are they

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tissue nematodes

Front 32

Dirofilaria immitis

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heartworms

Front 33

life cycle dirofilaria

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for review

Front 34

filaria - issues - Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi

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direct damage at specific organ
damage to lymphatics - lymphedema - elephantitis

Front 35

lymphatic filaria night time (Wuchereria
bancrofti and Brugia malayi)

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most active at 10-2 a.m. (mosquitoes most active)

Front 36

what

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Onchocerciasis

Front 37

what are lymphatic filaria

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Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi

Front 38

how are Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi transmitted

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mosquitoes

Front 39

what are Onchocerca volvulus

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subcutaneous filaria

Front 40

Onchocerca volvulus how transmitted

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black flies

Front 41

what is a name for the clinical dz by Onchocerciasis

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River blindness

Front 42

clinical features of loa loa

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Loa loa or the eye-worm - migrates continuously, africa, 12 noon, sheath, nucleus at tip

Front 43

what is a Calabar nodule

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subcutaneous inflammatory reaction caused by loa loa

Front 44

two dirofilaria

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zoonotic
Dirofilaria tenuis
D. immitis

Front 45

what is a trematode

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a fluke or flat worm

Front 46

what is and where is Fasciola found

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parasite of the biliary tract
associated with acute and chronic cholangitis

Front 47

florida what filaria

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difilaria tenuis

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difilaria tenuis

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racoon!

Front 49

characteristics of dirofilaria

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skin of worm (cuticle) is thick
layered worm
lateral thickening of cuticle****

Front 50

fasciola

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biliary tract of animals, esp cow, etc
secrete proline - stimulates GB epithelium in cow

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fasciola

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review

Front 52

what

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fasciola

Front 53

most common route of infection of fasciola for humans

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water chestnuts

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size of fasciola

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measure up to 150 mm and have operculum

Front 55

Clonorchis-Opistorchis clinical

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biliary

Front 56

compare clonorchis vs. fasciola

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clonorchis is much smaller - among the smallest eggs that can find in human stool; eggs in the
feces are about 35 mm

Front 57

clonorchis - location, associations

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Asian, cholangiocarcinoma

Front 58

Paragonimus - where found in us

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possums

Front 59

how get Paragonimus

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but usually snail, crayfish

Front 60

where do Paragonimus grow

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lungs (on radiology confuse with TB)

Front 61

eggs size of Paragonimus,

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120um - in sputum, in stool if swallowed

Front 62

four species of Schistosoma

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S. mansoni
S. haematobium
S. japonicum
S. mekongi.

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schistosomes where go in body

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blood vessels

Front 64

life cycle schistosomas

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review

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life cycle schistosoma

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review

Front 66

all tremodes are hermaphrodites except

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schistosomes

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schistosoma mansoni

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review

Front 68

what is unique about schistosoma eggs (cf to adults)

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very immunogenic; adults not so

Front 69

schistosoma mansoni eggs - damage clinically

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portal HTN

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Schistosoma haematobium clinically

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urinary tract, bladder, vagina

Front 71

S. mansoni, S. japonicum and S. mekongi

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portal HTN (not Schistosoma haematobium)

Front 72

tapeworms (cestodes) - hermaphrodite or sexual

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hermaphrodite, chained together
adults: parasite of intestines

Front 73

intestinal cestodes are alternatively known as

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tapeworms

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Taenia solium where found

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pork tapeworm

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Taenia saginata or Taeniorhynchus saginatus where found

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beef tapeworm

Front 76

Diphyllobothrium latum where found

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freshwater fish is final host after complicated lifecycle
aka broad tapeworm

Front 77

tapeworms life cycles

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almost all have intermediary host (at in which they become infective)

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diphyllobothrium sx

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pernicious
anemia, because the parasite absorbs all the vitamin
B12 and stores it in its body.

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size of Diphyllobothrium latum

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The parasite may attain a size of 30 feet

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Diphyllobothrium latum life cycle

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for review

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Diphyllobothrium latum

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segments

Front 82

what

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Diphyllobothrium latum

Front 83

cysticercosis is caused by

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taenia solium

Front 84

what is cysticerosis

Back 84

inflammation of soft tissue, brain, eye, subcutaneous