Parasitology Lab

Front 1

Back 1

Oxyuris equi

AKA pinworm

Size: Medium-Large

Protruding plug, smooth outer shell

Diagnostic test: Tape mount and fecal flotation

Adults are found in the colon and rectum

Front 2

Back 2

Strongyles

AKA Bloodworms

Size: Medium-Large

Thin shelled, oval, grape like clustersof cells (morulae)

Diagnostic test: Fecal flotation

Adults are found in the large intestine and cecum

Front 3

Back 3

Habronema spp.

Size: small

Larvated ova

Adults are found in the stomach

Causes gastritis and "summer sores"

Clinical signs are diarrhea and vomiting

Front 4

Back 4

Strongyloides westeri

AKA threadworm of equids

Size: small

Larvated ova

Adults are found in the small intestine

Causes anemia

Clinical signs include diarrhea and dehydration

Front 5

Back 5

Anoplocephala sp.

AKA Tapeworm

Size: Small-Medium

Irregularly shaped, 3 layered shell with an innermost lining, the pyriform apparatus (pear shaped)

Diagnostic test: Gross examination or a fecal flotation

Adults are found in the small intestine

Front 6

Back 6

Eimeria leukarti

AKA Protozoa

Size: Medium

Large deep brown ova

Adults are found in the small intestine

Causes coccidiosis

Clinical signs: asymptomatic

Front 7

Back 7

Cyathostomes

AKA small strongyles

Size: Small

Thin shell, oval

Adults are found in the cecum and the colon

Causes gastritis

Clinical signs: diarrhea

Front 8

Back 8

Strongyloides papillosus

AKA Threadworm

Size: small

Diagnostic test: Fecal flotation

Front 9

Back 9

Gasterophilus sp
nasalis (1 row of spines/segment) and intestinalis (2 rows of spines/segments)
AKA Stomach Bot or Throat Bot
Size: Large

Third larval stage in the GIT
Barrel shaped and rows of spines
Adults are found in the stomach of horses over the winter
Causes gastric ulceration and therefore gastritis

Front 10

Back 10

Cryptosporidium sp.

AKA Crypto (Ruminants and swine)

Size: Small

Adults are found in the small intestine

Causes diarrhea

Front 11

Back 11

Cystoisospora suis

AKA Protozoa (swine)

Size: small

Adults are found in the intestinal tract

Causes neonatal diarrhea, and in severe conditions cause death

Front 12

Back 12

Trichuris suis

AKA Whipworm of swine

Size: Small

Adults are found in the small intestine

Causes diarrhea and dehydration (+/- blood in the feces)

Front 13

Back 13

Moneizia expansa

AKA Tapeworm of bovines

Size: small

Adults are found in the small intestine

Causes reduced growth in young animals

Front 14

Back 14

Ascaris suum

AKA Roundworm of swine

Size: Small-Medium

Adults are found in the small intestine

Causes liver condemnation

Clinical signs include bacterial or viral pneumonia

Front 15

Back 15

Moneizia benedeni

AKA Tapeworm of bovines

Size: small

Adults found in the small intestine

Causes reduced growth in young animals

Front 16

Back 16

Trichuris ovis

AKA Whipworms of ruminants

Size: Medium

Adults are found in the cecum and the colon

Causes diarrhea

Front 17

Back 17

Parascaris equorum
AKA Roundworm in equids

Front 18

Back 18

Fasciola hepatica

AKA Liver Fluke

Size: Large

Adults are found in the bile duct of the liver

Causes production loss, anemia, illthrift, and death

Front 19

Back 19

Nematodirus sp.

AKA Thread-Necked Worm

Size: Large

Adults are found in the small intestine

Causes diarrhea

Front 20

Back 20

Cooperia spp.

AKA Cattle Bankrupt Worm (in ruminants)

Size: Medium

Adults are found in the small intestine

Causes diarrhea, anorexia, and depressed growth

Front 21

Back 21

Heamonchus contortus

AKA Barber's Pole or Wire Worm (Ruminants)

Size: Medium

Adults are found in the abomasum

Causes acute anemia, bottle jaw, chronic weight loss (in adults), and death

Front 22

Back 22

Eimeria Bovis

AKA Protozoa (bovine)

Size: small

Adults are found in the intestinal tract

Causes Coccidiosis and diarrhea (+/- blood)

Front 23

Back 23

Eimeria zuernii
AKA Protozoa (bovine)
Size: Small
Adults are found in the intestinal tract
Causes coccidiosis and diarrhea (+/- blood)

Front 24

Back 24

Cuterebra

AKA Rodent Bot Fly

Sometimes seen on cats and dogs

Front 25

Back 25

Order: Siphonapterans (Fleas)

Ctenocephalides felis=most common flea on both cats and dogs

Ctneocephalids canis=uncommon and less frequent than C. felis

Adults are laterally compressed, wingless, and powerful hind legs that are used for jumping

Front 26

Back 26

Flea Larva

Front 27

Back 27

Flea Dirt

Front 28

Back 28

Flea allergy
Causes dermatitis even in small infestations
Can transmit disease, and are an intermediate host for Dipylidium caninum (double-pore tapeworm or flea tapeworm)

Front 29

Back 29

Argas persicus

AKA Fowl Tick

Soft tick of chickens, turkeys and wild birds

NO scutum and their mouth parts are not visible when viewed dorsally

Front 30

Back 30

Dermacentor variabilis
AKA American Dog Tick or Wood Tick
Dark brown, ornate scutum with white striping Hard Tick
Vectore for: Rocky Mountain spotted fever and causes tick paralysis
Adult females may appear engorged (blue/grey color)
Recommend tick removal by a veterinarian

Front 31

Back 31

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

AKA Brown Dog Tick

3 host Hard Tick

Inornate, uniformly reddish-brown scutum and feeds almost exclusively on dogs

Capitulum has prominent lateral extensions that give a hexagonal appearance

Engorged female= slate grey

Can be found indoors

Host for Babesia canis

Front 32

Back 32

Ixodes scapularis

AKA Deer Tick

Affects humans and animals

Vector for Lyme Disease

Scutum ornate, basis capitulum parallel sided, NO fenestration

Front 33

Back 33

Damalinia spp.

Affects cattle, horses and sheep

Mallophaga (Biting)

Front 34

Back 34

Trichodectes canis

Affects dogs

Mallophaga (Biting)

Front 35

Back 35

Demodex ova "pregnant banana"

Front 36

Back 36

Demodex spp.

AKA Mange

Found in the sebaceous glands and hair follicles

Cigar shaped

Adults have 8 legs

Larvae have 6 legs

Front 37

Back 37

Sarcoptes

Found in the hairless or thin-skinned areas of the body (large portions in severe cases)

Have spines on the back, a terminal anus, anterior legs are short with long unjointed pedicles, and the posterior legs don't extend beyond the body and have bristles

Front 38

Back 38

Otodectes cynotis

AKA ear mites

Found in the ear canal

Front 39

Back 39

Psoroptes spp.

Found in the ears of rabbits, sheep, goats, and horses

Often first detected on the dorsum of the host

Have jointed pedicles with suckers on the ends

Front 40

Back 40

Cheyletiella spp.

AKA walking dandruff

Found on the back of cats and can also be affected on the head

Have claws on the mouthparts

Front 41

Back 41

Chorioptes spp.

Found primarily on the lower body of the host

Very short unjointed pedicles

Front 42

Back 42

Poultry Lice

Front 43

Back 43

Sheep Lice

Front 44

Back 44

Sheep Lice Ova

Front 45

Back 45

Cnemidocoptes spp.

AKA Scaly Leg and Beak Mange

Parasite of avians

No dorsal spines

Legs have claw-like structures instead of suckers

Front 46

Back 46

Haematopinus suis

Sucking Lice

Pig lice

Front 47

Back 47

Bovicola bovis

Sucking Lice

Cow Lice

Front 48

Back 48

Dictyocaulus filaria

AKA Lungworm (sheep and goats)

Size: Large

Found in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Clinical signs: causes severe respiratory signs

Front 49

Back 49

Dictyocaulus viviparous

AKA Lungworm (bovine)

Size: Large

Found in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Clinical signs: severe respiratory signs

Front 50

Do Fleas Infest Ruminants and Equids

Back 50

Yes but it is VERY uncommon

Front 51

Methods to Diagnose Fleas

Back 51

The use of a flea comb to collect nits and flea dirt

Smudge the flea dirt with a small amount of water on white paper, the result should be red

Visualize the adult flea

Front 52

Two Families of Ticks

Back 52

Ixodidae (hard ticks- presence of a scutum) and Argasidae (soft ticks- no scutum)

Front 53

Two Tick Species that Cause "Tick Paralysis"

Back 53

Dermacentor sp. and Ixodes sp.

Front 54

Isospora spp. and Eimeria spp.

Back 54

Both reffered to as coccidia;

Both genera affect in large animals;

Similar in appearance;

When sporulated, Eimeria has 4 sporocysts;

Many Eimeria spp. have a micropyle at one end of the oocyst

Front 55

Back 55

Felicola subrostratus

Chewing/biting lice

Front 56

Back 56

Trichodectes canis

Chewing/Biting lice

Front 57

Back 57

Linognathus spp.

Sucking lice

Dog, cattle and sheep

Front 58

Back 58

Solenoptes spp.

Front 59

Anoplura

Back 59

Sucking lice

Head is narrower than the thorax;

Eggs (nits) are elongated and glued to the hairs;

Lice on skin are usually in areas that can be protected from being rubbed off

Animal become pruritic

Front 60

Mallophaga

Back 60

Usually yellow and have a head that is wider than the widest portion of the thorax;

Lice is on the skin and hair causing rubbing and scratching

Front 61

Lice

Back 61

Transmitted easily via fomite or direct contact and among the young, old and malnourished animals

SPECIES SPECIFIC (may live temporarily on different species but will not reside for a long period of time)

To diagnose- take some hair clippings and observe nits under a magnifying lense or via the x4 or x10 objective lenses on a microscope

Front 62

Psoroptid

Back 62

Long back legged mites

Front 63

Sarcoptic

Back 63

Stubby back legged mites

Front 64

Back 64

Notoedres spp.

AKA Feline Scabies or Head Mange

Looks like sarcoptes but have no dorsal spines, and have a dorsal anus