Parasitology: Flagellates, Hemoflagellates, Ciliates

Front 1

Pathogenic flagellates

Back 1

G. lamblia, D. fragilis, T. vaginalis

Front 2

Only flagellate to inhabit small intestine

Back 2

G. lamblia

Front 3

Flagellate cysts that are uninuclated

Back 3

Chilomastix mesnili, Retortamonas intestinalis

Front 4

Characteristic shape of C. mesnili cyst

Back 4

lemon or nipple-shaped

Front 5

G. lamblia cyst features

Back 5

with axoneme, parabasal bodies, and remnants of flagella

Front 6

C. mesnili cyst other features

Back 6

Curved fibril alongside cytostome referred to as Sheperd's crook

Front 7

Enteromonas hominis cyst other feature

Back 7

Bipolar arrangement of nucleus, resembles Endolimax nana cyst

Front 8

Retortamonas intestinalis cyst other features

Back 8

Cystostome extends above nucleus with bird's beak appearance and resembles C. mesnili cyst

Front 9

Motility of G. lamblia trophozoite

Back 9

Falling leaf-like

Front 10

Number of nuclei for G. lamblia cyst

Back 10

4

Front 11

Number of nuclei for E. hominis

Back 11

2 or 4

Front 12

Flagellates with 2 nuclei in their trophozoite form

Back 12

G. lamblia and D. fragilis (80%)

Front 13

Number of flagella for G. lamblia trophozoite

Back 13

8

Front 14

Number of flagella for C. mesnili trophozoite

Back 14

4 (3 anterior and 1 cytostome)

Front 15

Number of flagella for Enteromonas hominis trophozoite

Back 15

4 (3 anterior and 1 posterior_

Front 16

Number of flagella for Retortamonas intestinalis trophozoite

Back 16

2 (1 anterior and 1 posterior)

Front 17

Number of Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite flagella

Back 17

None

Front 18

Number of P. hominis trophozoite flagella

Back 18

4 (3 posterior and 1 in undulating membrane)

Front 19

Characteristic appearance of G. lamblia trophozoite

Back 19

Old man w/ glasses appearance; prominent sucking-disc and axostyle; bilaterally symmetrical

Front 20

Characteristic motility of C. mesnili

Back 20

Cork-screw or rotary

Front 21

Characteristic appearance of C. mesnili trophozoite

Back 21

Prominent cytostome with spiral croove

Front 22

Enteromonas hominis characteristic appearance

Back 22

One side flattened

Front 23

Flagellates with jerky movement

Back 23

E. hominis, and R. intestinalis

Front 24

D. fragilis trophozoite characteristic feature

Back 24

Multiple hyaline, leaf-like pseudopodia; nucleus has fragmented tetrakaryosome

Front 25

Pentatrichomonas hominis trophozoite characteristic appearance

Back 25

Long undulating membrane; axostyle; and fine, scattered granules

Front 26

R. intestinalis trophozoite distinguishing feature

Back 26

Cytostome extend 1/2 length of the body

Front 27

General characteristics of Trichomonads

Back 27

exist only in trophozoite forms, axostyle extends beyond their bodies, and equipped with anterior tuft of flagella and undulating membrane

Front 28

T. tenax axostyle and undulating membrane characteristics

Back 28

Thick axostyle with undulating membrane almost as long as costa

Front 29

P. hominis axostyle and undulating membrane characteristics

Back 29

Semi-rigid axosytyle with undulating membrane as long as costa

Front 30

T. vaginalis axostyle and undulating membrane characteristics

Back 30

Axostyle is split into fibrils and Undulating membrane <2/3 of costa

Front 31

T. vaginalis cytoplasmic inclusions

Back 31

Large amount of siderophil granules

Front 32

Giardia lamblia disease caused

Back 32

lambliasis, or traveler's diarrhea and has been associated with Gay bowel syndrome

Front 33

Flagellate that also causes trouble with children in daycare

Back 33

G. lamblia

Front 34

Dientamoeba fragilis disease caused

Back 34

intermittend diarrhea

Front 35

T. vaginalis disease caused

Back 35

Non-specific vaginitis, urethritis, or prostatitis

Front 36

T. vaginalis vaginitis signs and symptoms

Back 36

foul-smelling yellowish/greenish vaginal discharge accompanied by intense itchiness in vaginal area

Front 37

Present forms in Leishmania

Back 37

Amastigote and Promastigote

Front 38

Present forms in T. brucei complex

Back 38

Epimastigote and Trypomastigote

Front 39

Present forms in T. cruzi

Back 39

Amastigote, Promastigote, Epimastigote, Trypomastigote

Front 40

Diagnostic stage in man (intracellular) for Leishmania spp.

Back 40

Amastigote

Front 41

Diagnostic stage in man (extracellular)

Back 41

Trypomastigote

Front 42

"Habitat" of amastigotes

Back 42

inside endothelial cells and phagocytes because they cannot be degraded

Front 43

Stage of Leishmania that occurs in sandfly vector and is recovered from clulture

Back 43

Promastigote

Front 44

Infective stage form in Leishmaniosis

Back 44

Promastigote

Front 45

Stage in hemoflagellate life cycle that appears in tse tse fly in T. brucei complex

Back 45

Epimastigote

Front 46

Diagnostic stage forms in T. brucei complex

Back 46

Trypomastigote

Front 47

Infective stage for T. brucei complex

Back 47

Metacystic trypomastigote

Front 48

Shape of trypomastigote

Back 48

C, S, or U-shaped

Front 49

Forms present in man in T. cruzi infections

Back 49

Amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote

Front 50

Stages in T. cruzi infection present in bugs

Back 50

Promastigote, epimastigote, and Metacystic trypomastigote

Front 51

Stages in T. cruzi infection present in man

Back 51

Amastigote to Trypomastigote

Front 52

Leishmania spp. with Phlebotomos papataci sandfly vector

Back 52

L. tropica, and L. donovani

Front 53

L. brazilliensis sandfly vector

Back 53

Phlebotomos intermedius

Front 54

L. tropica habitat

Back 54

Skin

Front 55

L. braziliensis habitat

Back 55

skin and mucus membranes

Front 56

L. donovani habitat

Back 56

visceral organs (liver, spleen, and lymph nodes)

Front 57

MOT of Leishmania spp.

Back 57

Skin inoculation of promastigote by sandfly vector

Front 58

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Back 58

Local or metastatic skin lesions with elevated margins, which are painless but leave ugly scar on healing

Front 59

Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis description

Back 59

Appear like cutaneous leishmaniasis but becomes a leprosy-like lesion called tapir nose

Front 60

Visceral leishmaniasis description

Back 60

fever, organomegaly, and anemia

Front 61

Two kinds of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Back 61

old world and new world

Front 62

Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agents and characteristic lesion

Back 62

L. tropica and L. major causes "Oriental Sore"

Front 63

New world cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agent and characteristic lesion

Back 63

L. mexicana causes "Chiclero ulcer"

Front 64

Visceral Leishmaniasis aka

Back 64

Kala-Azar fever

Front 65

Kala-Azar meaning

Back 65

means darkening of skin

Front 66

Causative agent of Muco-cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Back 66

L. braziliensis

Front 67

Trypanosoma gambiense vector

Back 67

Glossina palpalis, G. tachinoides

Front 68

T. rhodensiense vector

Back 68

Glossina morsitans, G. swynnertoni

Front 69

Brucei complex

Back 69

T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense

Front 70

T. cruzi vector

Back 70

Reduviid, Triatoma, Panstrongylus spp.

Front 71

Aka assassin bugs

Back 71

Reduviid

Front 72

Habitat of Brucei complex during febrile stage

Back 72

Blood, Lymph

Front 73

T. cruzi amastigote habitat

Back 73

Endothelial and muscle cells

Front 74

Habitat of Brucei complex during sleeping stage

Back 74

CSF

Front 75

T. cruzi trypomastigote habitat in febrile stage

Back 75

Blood

Front 76

T. cruzi trypomastigote habitat in sleeping stage

Back 76

CSF

Front 77

MOT of Brucei complex

Back 77

Skin inoculation of metatrypomastigote by tse tse fly

Front 78

MOT of T. cruzi

Back 78

contamination of bite site and conjunctiva by bug feces

Front 79

Old world or African Trypanosomiasis

Back 79

Gambian (chronic) and Rhodesian (acute)

Front 80

Gambian aka

Back 80

West African trypanosomiasis

Front 81

Rhodesian aka

Back 81

East african tryponasomiasis

Front 82

New World or American Trypanosomiasis aka

Back 82

Chaga's Disease

Front 83

Clinical manifestations of Old world Trypanosomiasis

Back 83

Trypanosome chancre, Invasion of blood, Invasion of lymph nodes, Invasion of CNS

Front 84

The Winterbottom sign is seen in?

Back 84

Trypanosomiasis invasion of lymph nodes especially in the cervical lymph nodes

Front 85

Kerandel sign is seen in?

Back 85

Sleeping stage or Invasion of CNS of old world trypanosomes

Front 86

2 important signs for acute New World trypanosomiasis

Back 86

Romanas and Chagoma

Front 87

Romanas sign definition

Back 87

unilateral conjunctivitis or orbital edema

Front 88

Chagoma sign definition

Back 88

primary lesions that appear at site of inoculation few hours after bite

Front 89

Chronic Chaga's disease signs and symptoms

Back 89

Organomegaly of the heart, colon, and esophagus

Front 90

Chronic Chaga's disease time frame

Back 90

last for 20 years or more

Front 91

Chaga's disease different types

Back 91

acute, chronic, and congenital

Front 92

Largest intestinal protozoan

Back 92

Balantidium coli

Front 93

Balantidium coli trophozoites also secretes?

Back 93

Hyaluronidase

Front 94

Shape of ulcer for B. coli

Back 94

Wide neck with rounded base

Front 95

Habitat of B. coli

Back 95

Large intestine

Front 96

Size of B. coli cyst

Back 96

45 x 64 um

Front 97

Balantidium coli cyst appearance

Back 97

Has a kidney or bean-shaped macronucleus, spherical micronucleus, contractile vacuoles, and retracted cilia

Front 98

Purpose of B. coli macronucleus

Back 98

for vegetations

Front 99

Purpose of B. coli micronucleus

Back 99

Reproduction

Front 100

B. coli trophozoite size

Back 100

50x70um

Front 101

Morphology of B. coli trophozoite

Back 101

Equipped with cell mouth (cytostome), and cell anus (cytopyge), provided with 2 contractile vacuoles, and with micronucleus at concavity of macronucleus

Front 102

B. coli characteristic movement

Back 102

directional tumbling