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34 Cards in this Set
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Spirocerca lupi |
Common Name: Esophageal Worm Definitive Host: Cats & Dogs Indirect Life Cycle Intermediate host is the dung beetle. Egg is shed. Dung beetle picks up the egg and the cat &/or dog must ingest it. It is found in the esophagus, gastric wall, and aortic wall. Diagnosed: Finding eggs in feces; could find in stomach; could radiograph nodules in the esophagus Prepatent Period: 6 months Tx: ivermectin or doramectin Red in color under a microscope |
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Physaloptera spp.
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Common name: Stomach worm
Definitive Host: Dogs and Cats Indirect Life Cycle Intermediate Host = beetles, cockroaches, or crickets It attaches to the stomach wall and sucks blood. It has a possible paratenic host Diagnoses: Eggs in feces or vomit; adult worm possibly seen in vomit Tx: Panocur/fenbendazole, ivermectic, pyran White in color |
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Toxocara Canis |
Common Name: Dog Roundworm Definitive Host: Dog Direct or Paratenic Host Diagnose: Eggs in feces Tx: pyran, fenbendazole, can treat with fenbendazole when pregnant Can have transplacental transmission and will use ivermectin to attempt preventing puppies from getting roundworms; larvae can live in soil; transmammary transmission; lives in small intestine Prepatent period: 2-4 weeks Under microscope: inside is dark; egg-shaped (round) & outside shell is thick and pitted |
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Toxocara Cati |
Common Name: Cat Roundworm Definitive Host: Cat Direct Life Cycle or have Paratenic Host Cat sheds it on the ground and ingests it back into its system Diagnose: Eggs in feces or adults in vomits Tx: Pyran, Fenbendazole, Moxidectin, Milbemycin Oxime, Selamectin Prepatent Period: 8 weeks Larvae can live in soil; Trachealmigration if ingested from the ground; lives in small intestine; may cause vomit; do not attach to stomach wall; free swimming; transmitted transmammally |
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Toxocara Leonina |
Common Name: Roundworm Definitive Host: Dog & Cat Direct Life Cycle Diagnose: eggs in feces Tx: Fenbendazole, Moxidectin, Pyran, Milbemycin Oxime Prepatent Period: 8-10 weeks Become infected fast; Animal won't show signs; Primarily found in adult animals; not known of until fecal is completed Looks like an eyeball under the microscope; not dark in appearance; large oval Zoonotic: most common zoonotic disease of children; referred to as visceral larval migrans; causes eosinophilia; obtained by ingestion of soil |
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Baylisascaris Procynosis |
Common Name: Raccoon Roundworm Definitive Host: Raccoon but can be seen in other species Direct Life Cycle and can contain Paratenic Host Found in small intestine Diagnosis: Eggs in feces Tx: Fenbendazole, Moxidectin, Pyran, Milbemycin Oxime In animals: won't cause many problems In humans: Can cause visceral larval migrans |
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Ancylostoma Caninum, Ancylostoma Brazillience, Ancylostoma Tubaeforme, Uncinaria Stenocephala |
Common Name: Hookworks Definitive Host: A. caninum = dogs, A. tubaeforme = cats, A. brazillience = cats and dogs, U. Stenoccephala = (northern canine hookworms) found in dogs Direct Life Cycle or Paratenic Host Diagnosed: Eggs in feces Tx: Fenbendazole, Pyran, Moxidectin Found in small intestine; ingest larvae from soil and larvae can penetrate skin of host or by paratenic host; If penetrate skin, will undergo tracheal migration; they all attach to the intestinal wall and suck blood; inject anticoagulant to keep blood flowing but worm doesn't stay in one place causing the animal to become real sick; adult worms live in the intestinal tract for 4-24 months |
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Hookworms are... |
Zoonotic: causes cutaneous larval migration, serpentine lesions in skin, intensely pyretic, skin penetration, common in southeast and warmer states, "plumbers itch" |
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Strongyloides Stercoralis |
Common Name: Thread Worm Definitive Host: Dogs & Cats Direct Life Cycle L1 lives in feces: larval stage: one will not see eggs in feces because eggs break in the intestines; Infection occurs at L3 Tracheal Migration; Only female parasite causes problems; Produce without males; Need warm, moist soil to live Diagnose: Baerman Apparatus Technique Tx: Ivermectin & fenbendazole Zoonotic |
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Trichuris Vulpis |
Common Name: Whipworm Definitive Host: Dogs, Foxes, Coyotes (2 others: Trichuris Campanula: rarely in cats; Capillaria spp. Dogs and cats) Direct Life Cycle Adults found in secum & colon in ground for 3-5 years Prepatent Period: 3 months Most anthomynics only kill adult worms so we must do once a month dewormer for 3 months (usually fenendazole) if known whipworms; most likely anemia is caused Under microscope: Bipolar plugs, football shaped, pretty yellow/orange color |
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Dirofilaria Immitis |
Common Name: Heartworms (adults in right ventricle and pulmonary arteries; can be abarent) Definitive Host: Dogs, cats, ferrets Indirect Lifecycle; Intermediate Host = Mosquitos Diagnose: microfilaria in blood, commercial/antigen tests, PCV testing Tx: 2 injections of amiticide 24 hours apart into epaxial muscles Prepatent Period: 6-8 months Adult animals will have Ascites (accumulation of fluid in abdomen looks like pot belly) Mosquito bites dog; dog has heartworms and mosquito picks up immature larvae which develop in their mouth parts; L3 (infective stage) it bites another animal which is injected into the animal's system. It circulates, becomes L4, and gets to heart to become L5. It takes 2 weeks to go from L1 to L3. |
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Heartworms in cats |
Occult(adult worms but no microfilaria) heartworm infections are possible 90% in cats and 25% in dogs. If a cat tests negative, do not assume the cat is negative. No treatments for cats. Most of the time it's migrating microfilaria that kills the cat. 90% because of bigger immune response; don't cause pulmonary damage like in dogs; can be misdiagnosed as asthma; HARD - Heartworm Association Respiratory Disease |
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Define Occult Heartworms |
All same sex = no microfilaria Body can mount immune response, as microfilaria reach body, immune can kill off microfilaria Ivermectin given orally: kills microfilaria but test is positive |
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Dirofilaria immitis in humans |
the worm ends up in the lungs where it curls up and dies because we aren't hosts for the worm |
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Aelurostrongylus abstrusus |
Common Name: longworm Definitive Host: cat Indirect: Host = snail or slug Signs: Coughing, wheezing, dyspnia, gray nodules on lungs Diagnosis: Larvae in fecal or baerman technique Tx: Fenbendazole, ivermectin |
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Capillaria aerophilia/Eucoleus aerophilus |
Common Name: None Definitive Host: Dog Direct Life Cycle Ingest contaminated food/H2O, eggs laid in lungs, coughed, swallowed, and passed to feces Diagnosis: Tracheal Wash; Eggs in feces Signs: coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, other respiratory signs Tx: Fenbendazole, panacur Microscope: Smaller & fatter than whipworm |
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Dioctophyma renale |
Common Name: Kidney worm Definitive Host: Dogs & Humans Direct but can be contracted by ingested insisted larvae of raw fish or frogs Found in kidney or abdominal cavity Diagnosis: Eggs in urine Tx: Nephrectomy |
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Capillaria plica/Pearsonema plica |
Common Name: Bladder worm Definitive Host: Dogs & Cats Found in bladder and ureters Indirect: Host = earthworms Asymptomatic or urinating abnormalities Diagnosis: Eggs in urine Tx: Lavamisole, Fenbendazole, Albendazole, Ivermectin |
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Dipetalonema reconditum / Acanthocheilonema reconditum |
Common Name: Subcutaneous worm Definitive Host: Dog Indirect: host = flea Diagnosis: microfilaria in blood, L3 = infective stage, adults in conective tissue (skin) sub q, or perirenal; nonpathogenic; may cause sore/lesion; worm moves much faster than heartworm Tx: ivermectin |
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Dipylidum caninum |
Common Name: Flea tapeorm Definitive Host: Dogs and cats Indirect: host = fleas, biting lice Diagnosis: segment on feces, egg packets rarely seen in feces Infective - cysticercoids Tx: epsipantel, prazquantel Zoonotic |
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Taenia pisiformis |
Common Name: - Definitive Host: dogs and cats Indirect: host = rabbits Infective stage: cystacercus in rabbit meat tends to be in live and peritoneal tissue |
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Taenia hydatigena |
Common Name: - Definitive Hosts: dogs and cats Indirect host: ruminants & swine Skeletal & cardiac muscle & peritoneal membranes Infective Stage: cystacercus in meat tends to be in live and peritoneal tissue |
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Taenia ovis |
Common Name: - Definitive Hosts: Dogs and cats Indirect host: sheep Located in cardiac muscle of sheep Infective stage: cystacercus |
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Taenia taeniaeformis |
Common Name: - Definitive Hosts: Cat Indirect host: mice and rats Found in the liver Prevention: Stop hunting Infective Stage: strobilocercus |
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Echinococcus granulosus |
Common Name: - Definitive Hosts: Dog Indirect host: sheep, swine, cattle Diagnosis: segments in feces or see egg packets, but bother are rare because adults are only 3-5 in. long Infective stage: hyclatid cysts Cysts appear in liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, bone, brain, and other major organs/parts Extremely zoonotic Identify by taking from intestinal tract |
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Spirometra mansonoides |
Commonly known as: Pseudotapeworm Definitive Host: Dogs & Cats Zipper-like because it opens, releases eggs, and zips itself back up; found in Florida and Gulf Coast Indirect host: fish & amphibians Diagnosis: Eggs in feces Infective Stage: Plerocircoid Zoonotic |
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Diphyllobothrium latum |
Also a pseudotapeworm Definitive Host: Cats & dogs Indirect host: Fish Diagnosis: Eggs in feces or chains of segments in feces Tx: Praziquantel Infective Stage: pleurocircoid in fish |
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Platynosomum fastosum |
Common name: Liver fluke Definitive Host: Cats Disease seen in FL, Hawaii, and Southeast Indirect Host: lizards and reptiles Infects bile and pancreatic ducts Diagnosis: Eggs in feces by sedementation Tx: fenbendazole and praziquantal But Tx usually unrewarding; death from liver problems; adults can also be seen with ultrasound in bile ducts Infective Stage: Metacercariae |
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Paragonimus kellicotti |
Common Name: Lung Fluke Definitive Hosts: Dogs & Cats Indirect host: Crayfish Found in lungs Diagnosis: Eggs in feces or sputum Infective stage: metacercariae in crayfish Can see adults and cysts in lungs with radiograph |
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Giardia in cats and dogs |
Common Name: Giardia Definitive Hosts: Cats and Dogs Direct Life Cycle Causes diarrhea in the animal; often called "Monkey face" because of motile feeding stage called trophazoa; ingested from bad food or H2O develops in intestinal tract, made to cysts, and shed in feces Diagnosis: Cyst in feces or seeing motile filaria with zinc sulphate floatation solution Tx: fenbendazole for dogs metrinidazole for cats |
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Cystoisospora spp. |
Common Name: Coccidia Definitive Host: dogs & cats Direct: contaminated food and water Diagnosis: oocysts in feces Infective Stage: sporulated oocyst Causes diarrhea; poor housing condition; loose to watery yellow diarrhea; can be tinged with blood Diagnosis: Shows in fecal and shows signs; will not treat until shows signs Tx: Albon |
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Toxoplasma gondii |
Definitive Host: Cat but almost any warm-blooded mammal can be infected Direct Diagnosis: Oocysts on fecal but can't be differentiated from other oocysts Infective Stage: Ingestion of sporulated oocysts Takes 1-5 days for oocysts to sporulate Tx: sulfanomide drugs |
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Cryptosporidium spp. |
Definitive Host: Dogs and cats Direct Diagnosis: Oocysts in floatation Tx: Tylosine |
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Sarcocystis spp. |
No common name Definitive Host: Dogs and cats Indirect host: pigs, horses, ruminants Incyst in muscle of host Diagnosis: Oocyst in fecal floatation Tx: Clindamycin |
