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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Leishmania
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Antimonials (stibogluconate sodium (pentostam) or meglutamine antimoniate (glucantime))--used since the 1920s; newer drugs--liposomal amophotericin B, miltefosine (visceral form); pentamidine, paromomicin or cytokines (interferon-gamma)
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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Acute: bensnidazole, nirutimox; Chronic: symptomatic treatment and supportive care (pacemakers, ACE inhibitors), no anti-parasitic treatment
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Giardia lamblia
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Metronidazole and tinidazole, nitazoxanide for children
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Metronidazole, tinidazole
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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Albendazole
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Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
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Local cryotherapy when still in skin; Albendezole/membendazole
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Acute: pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine; latent: atovaquone, clindamycin
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Plasmodium falciparum
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ACT: chloroquine (New World, Middle East, Egypt). Resistant in Africa and SE Asia; artemesin derivatives,
sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine |
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P. vivax
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Chloriquine (except Indonesia and Papua New Guinea), artesunate if chloriquine doesn't work (not in US)
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P. ovale
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chloroquine and primaquine. atovaquone-proguanil if patient cannot take chloroquine
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P. malariae
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Chloriquine
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Schistosoma mansoni, S. intercalatum (intestinal); S. haematobium (urinary); S. japonicum, S. mekongi (Asian intestinal)
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Praziquantel - single oral dose annually
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Strongyloides stercoralis
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Ivermectin, thiobendazole
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Wuchereria bancrofti (night), Burgia malayi (day)
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antihistamines, analgesics, antibiotics, DEC microfilaricidal with 50% macrofilaricidal effect, ivermectin (once yearly, microfilaricidal)
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Trypanosoma brucei, T. gambiense
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First stage: pentamadine, suramine, diminazene aceturate (animals); second stage: melarsoprol, eflornithin, nifutimox
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Onchocerca volvulus
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Ivermectin
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Enterobius vermicularis
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remove worms
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Trichinella spiralis
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mebendazole (or albendazole), steroids in severely symptomatic infections
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Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm)
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mechanical, progressive extraction over several days, local cleansing and local antibiotics to avoid bacterial superinfection
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Loa loa
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surgical removal, DEC (caution: encephalitis), Ivermectin (slower onset than DEC), no satisfactory macrofilaricidal agent
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Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilicularia
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surgical excision of cysts after alcohol or saline injection, albendazole
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Flavavirus spp.
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NO CURE. Symptom management: fluid and electrolyte balance, rest, antipyretics, avoid salicylates (aspirin, ibuprofen),
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Mycobacterium leprae
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Chemotherapy combination: Rifampin, Clofazimine, Dapsone. Patients no longer infectious after first dose, cured in 6 months
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