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18 Cards in this Set
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Exclusively parasitic organisms; adults are hermaphroditic, covered with non-ciliated integument; ciliated epithelium, when present, confined to embryos hatched from eggs; scolex provided with suckers and frequently hooks for attachment to host tissue; no digestive tract in most species; divided transversely into separate sexually complete units, called proglottids. |
CLASS CESTOIDEA |
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Scolex typically unarmed, with a dorsal and ventral grooves (bothria) never with 4 suckers. All representatives in man belong to the superfamily Bothriocephaloidea. |
ORDER PSEUDOPHILLIDEA |
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Scolex with 4 suckers and usually a centrally placed apical rostellum, frequently armed with hooks; sex pores when present, open laterally; vitellaria, a single mass, usually posterior to the ovary. All species in this order found in man belong to Superfamily Taeniodea |
ORDER CYCLOPHYLLIDEA |
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are parasitic worms of Class Cestodea of the Phylum Platyhelminthes. |
TAPEWORMS |
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inhabits the middle portion of the small intestine and the larvae inhabit the tissues of the vertebrates and invertebrates. ▪This elongated, ribbon-like adult, generally flattened dorsoventrally, has no circulatory system and is usually divided into segments or proglottids.* ▪The nervous system is confined primarily to the scolex or the anterior portion of the worm all are hermaphroditic |
ADULT TAPEWORMS |
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The adult tapeworm consists of three recognized regions namely: |
SCOLEX OR HOLDFAST ORGAN NECK - REGION OF GROWTH STROBILA - CHAIN OF PROGLOTTIDS OR SEGMENTS |
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Common name : Dwarf tapeworm Disease : Hymenolepiasis nana Morphology: The adult worm measures 2 to 4 cm in length with 96 to 840 segments. The small, rhomboidal scolex has 4 suckers and bears a short, refractile rostellum armed with a single ring of 20 to 30 Y-shaped spines. The broad mature segments have a single genital pore on the side, 3 round testes and a bilobed ovary. The gravid segment becomes completely filled with eggs..Within the oncosphere are three pairs of lancet-shaped hooklets. |
HYMENOLEPIS NANA |
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Common name : Rat tapeworm Disease : Hymenolepiasis diminuta Morphology: 800 to 1300 proglottids. The small, club-shaped scolex has 4 cup-shaped suckers and a rudimentary unarmed rostellum. Each mature segment has 3 ovoidal testes and an ovary and it’s hard to distinguish this segment from those of H. nana. a “fried egg appearance”. The six lanceolate hooklets of the oncosphere when at rest are arranged in a fan like pattern. |
HYMENOLEPIS DIMINUTA |
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Common name: Hydatid worm Disease: Unilocular echinococcosis or hydatid disease Morphology: Adult E. granulosus adult is the smallest tapeworm measuring 2 to 7 mm length. The adult lives attached to the mucosa of the small intestine of the definitive hosts, which include dogs and other canines. The scolex is pyriform with 4 suckers and a rostellum armed with 28 to 50 hooks* In the gravid segment, the uterus resembles a loosely twisted coil. Adult E. granulosus lives 5 to 29 months in dogs, the usual definitive host.
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ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS |
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are stirred in uterus and consist of a fertilized ovum |
EGGS (ADULT TAPEWORM) |
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ivory colored tapeworm is the longest tapeworm of human, with almond shape scolex and 2 dorsoventral sucking groove ● measuring 3 to 10 meters in length (sometimes more) with as many as 3,000 to 4,000 proglottids. ● The typical mature proglottids are somewhat broader than long (latum) and is practically filled with reproductive organs. ● The gravid rosette like or highly coiled uterus in the middle of the gravid segment is a diagnostic characteristic Eggs of are broadly ovoid, operculated (with inconspicuous operculum), -light golden-yellow and with a knob on the shell at the bottom of the egg. -contain an immature embryo when discharge in the feces. WHAT IS THE PATHOLOGY? |
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM pernicious anemia, bothriocephalus anemia Vitamin B12. |
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MOT OF D. LATUM |
FECES WATER CORACIDIA CRUSTACEANS INFECTED CRUSTACEANS INGESTED BY SMALL FRESHWATER FISH PREDATOR FISH EATS INFECTED SMALL FISH HUMAN INGEST UNDERCOOKED ADULTS SMALL INTESTINE PROGLOTTIDS RELEASE IMMATURE EGGS |
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This parasite is a member of the genus Spirometra causing sparganosis. ellipsoidal and possess a rounded, conical operculum.
WHAT IS THE PATHOLOGY? |
SPARGANUM MANSONI/SPIROMETRA MANSONI
eye (ocular sparganosis) |
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Common name : Pork tapeworm Disease : Pork tapeworm infection, Taeniasis solium scolex is globular in shape, has 4 cup- like suckers and a conspicuous rounded rostellum , proglottid has irregularly alternate genital pores. Eggs are hexacanth embryo |
TAENIA SOLIUM |
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MOI IN T. SOLIUM |
EGGS/FECES PASSED THRU THE ENVIRONMENT INGESTED BY HUMAN OR PIGS INTESTINAL WALLS, AND CIRCULATE TO MUSCULATURE IN PIGS OR HUMANS EMBRYOS DEVELOP IN MUSCLES OF PIGS OR HUMANS HUMANS ACQUIRE CYST MAY ALSO DEVELOP IN ANY ORGAN TAPEWORM ATTACH INTO INTESTINE VIA HOOKS ON THE SCOLEX ADULTS IN SMALL INTESTINE |
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involves infection of the individual with the larval stage of T. solium, the cysticercus cellulosae, which normally infects pigs. Humans may acquire the cyst from the eggs in three ways: -ingestion of food and water contaminated with human feces -oral transmission by unclean hands of carriers of the adult worm -internal autoinfection by the regurgitation of eggs into the stomach by reverse peristalsis |
CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSAE |
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Common name : Beef tapeworm Disease : Taeniasis saginata, Beef tapeworm infection Morphology: Adult Measures 5 – 10 meters on the average, although under favorable conditions, may attain a length of 25 meters or more. There are more segments than in T. solium, numbering from 1,000 – 2,000 segments. The scolex measures 2 mm, quadrate in shape and bears 4 prominent suckers but differs from that of T. solium in the absence of a well developed rostellum and hooks. The mature segments are somewhat broad, have irregularly alternate genital pores and differ from T. solium in having as many testes numbering 330 – 400 follicles and in lacking the accessory ovarian lobe.* |
TAENIA SAGINATA |
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MOI T. SAGINATA |
FECES > ENVIRONMENT > CATTLE INGESTING CONTAMINATED VEGETATION > INTESTINAL WALL AND CIRCULATE TO MUSCULATURE > HUMANS INGESTING RAW INFECTED MEAT > ATTACH TO INTESTINE > SMALL INTESTINE |
